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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986. The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops. Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.

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2000 - 200969
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × Start date: 2000 × End date: 2009 × Thesis Type: Ph.D × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 69
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANT LINES THROUGH POLLEN SELECTION IN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2001) PATIL, BASAVANAGOUDA S; SALIMATH, P M
    ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STABILITY, COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES IN MALE STERILE BASED THREE WAY TETRAPLOID COTTON HYBRIDS
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2001) SODDI, RAVEENDRA R; KHADI, B M
    ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    VARIABILITY, GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON RESISTANCETO SHOOT FLY IN Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2000) KAMATAR, M Y; SWAMY RAO, T
    "The investigation included three experiments viz.. (i) the screening of 650 germplasm lines for resistance to shoot fly during two rabi seasons, (ii) genetics of resistance and associated traits during both kharif and rabi seasons, (iii) genetics of biochemical resistance. Near immunity to high susceptibility was observed in the germplasm indicating polygenic inheritance of resistance. Resistance was relatively stable over seasons depending on shoot fly density. Indian landraces possessed stable field resistance. Antixenosis played a major role, though antibiosis was also present in some genotypes. Resistance was governed by both additive and non-additive gene actions. Susceptibility was overdominant in the hybrids during both kharif WA rahi seasons. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were evident for seedling height, plant height, glossiness, trichome density, leaf surface wetness, leaf colour, leaf width and leaf droopiness, whereas seedling vigour, grain yield, total chlorophyll, protein, epicuticular wax, tannin and phenols were governed by non-additive gene action, while additive gene action was evident for total sugars. None of the hybrids exhibited heterosis for resistance, whereas considerable heterosis was observed for characters associated with resistance. All the resistance traits were positively associated with each other while they were inversely related with susceptibility. Much contribution to dead heart percentage comes from percent oviposition and least from egg count. An ideal plant type for resistance must have high seedling vigour; narrow, erect, pale green, glossy leaves; high seedling and plant height; high trichome density on leaves; less leaf surface wetness; high tannin, low total sugars, protein and chlorophyll content in leaves. SPSFR 94022A. SPSFR 94031 A. IS 2291, IS 5480. IS 2312. IS 923. IS 2122 and IS 2314 were good general combiners for resistance which also exhibited desirable GCA effects for resistance associated traits. Procedures like multiple crossing and recurrent selection are suggested for genetic enhancement of resistance".
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC AND PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF POD SHATTERING AND PRODUCTIVITY RELATED TRAITS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2000) Agrawal, Ajay Prakash; Path, S A
    "A collection of 196 germplasm line was evaluated in three seasons for pod shattering as well as productivity. Observations were made on plant growth, pod characters related to shattering and yield attributes. Plant growth and pod characters showed low to moderate genotypic coefficient of variation except pod weight, seed to pod shell ratio, pod shattering and yield attributing traits. Habitability and genetic advance was high for all the traits except days to maturity, seeds per pod, pod length and pod width. Characters contributing towards pod shattering resistance were pod weight, pod length and pod thickness. Following Mahalanobis analysis, shattering resistant genotypes identified were grouped in five clusters, of which EC-14396, CGP-268 and GP-2340-A were also promising for seed yield. A diallel set of crosses was made using five genotypes representing the variation in pod shattering. Yield attributing traits were under the control of both additive and non-additive gene action. Plant growth and pod characters along with pod shattering were governed by additive gene action except for degree of indeterminate growth habit, seeds per pod, pod width and pod shell thickness. Pod shattering susceptibility was partially dominant over resistance and the data indicated the possibility of developing shattering resistant genotypes by crossing resistant parents. Physiological parameters related to pod development indicated that growth rate and dry matter accumulation in pod and seed were negatively correlated with pod shattering. However, pod shell growth rate was positively correlated with pod shattering. Assay of four cell wall degrading enzymes in shattering and nonshattering zones of resistant and susceptible varieties indicated that cellulase play an important role in pod shattering process. The action of polygalactouranase was opposite to cellulase, but did not exhibit clear involvement. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase did not show any trend in either the pod shattering resistant or susceptible genotypes. The study was able to identify Bragg x JS-335 as potential combination worth handling for developing pod shattering resislant as well as high yielding genotypes."
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR MAPPING OF COMPONENTS OF RESISTANCE TO SHOOT FLY (Atherigona soccata Rond.) IN SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) SAJJANAR, G M; NAYAKAR, N Y
    ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSES OF RESISTANCE TO LATE LEAF SPOT AND RUST VIS-A-VIS PRODUCTIVITY IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2001) Motagi, B N; Gowda, M V C
    "Evaluation of 100-groundnut germplasm revealed inter-specific derivatives and mutants as the most potential source of resistance to late leaf spot (LLS) and rust. Components of resistance were more reliable than field disease scores in assessing resistance in germplasm. Though resistance was strongly associated with late maturity, mutants and second cycle interspecific derivatives combined resistance and early maturity. Resistant mutants isolated from VL 1 were grouped in to three distinct clusters. Late leaf spot resistant mutants were susceptible to rust and had more branches; higher seed mass and pod yield and reduced leaf size. An opposite trend was evident with rust resistant mutants indicating their pleiotrophic nature. Evaluation of 10 selected genotypes revealed significant variation for yield loss. Besides resistance parameters, physiological attributes viz., growth rates and partitioning contributed to reduction in yield loss. Late sowing was ideal for disease screening. An inter-specific derivative (D 39d) and a mutant (28-2) combined resistance with high yield and early maturity and they were superior to cultivated varieties. D 39d was also superior in oil quality. Physiological analyses of 3deld loss variation indicated predominant role for sink than source in determining the yield potential of genotypes. Significant interaction between LLS and rust revealed a need for evaluation of genetic material both under natural, where they occur together, as well as individual disease conditions. Two sets of duplicate-complementary recessive genes independently determined resistance to LLS and rust in inter-specific derivatives and mutants. A combination of isozyme (Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase) and protein (seed and hjrpocotyl) profiles could be used uniquely to fingerprint selected genotypes. Polymorphism for peroxidase in resistant and susceptible variants indicated its potential for marker-assisted selection. Peroxidase activity also revealed inducible and constitutive nature of LLS resistance in mutants and inter-specific derivatives, respectively."
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETICS OF YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND FRUIT QUALITY PARAMETERS IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) Jagadeesha, R C; Patil, S J
    "Investigations were carried out to know the combining ability-, heterosis and to study the gene effects for quantitative and qualitative characters in chilli during kharif 1997-99. The study involved tfic evaluation of 45 hybrdis along with 18 parents to assess combining abilitv of parents, estimation of heterosis over better parent and to identify the potential hybrid combination for 17 growth, yield, quality and resistance traits. The combining ability studies indicated that the parents kaddi, VN- 2, Jwala, LCA-312, KDC-1 and Arkalohit could be utilised in breedmg programme since they expressed highly significant positive GCA effects for dry fruit yield per plant. The parents VN-2, LCA-301, PMR-5 and CA-219 for thrips and VN-2, Hissar shakthi and Arkalohit for mites were found good general combiner. Evaluation of Fis indicated that the crosses VN-2 X BC-24, Kaddi x KDC-1 and Kaddi x PMR-5, VN-2 x Arkalohit, VN-2 x Jwala and Kaddi x Arkalohit are found promising could be exploited. The hybrid combination Kaddi x Phule-5, Kaddi x Hissar Shakthi, VN-2 x LCA-312, Dabbi x LCA-312, Dabbi x Arkaabir and Kaddi x BC-14-2 were identified as potential material for further breeding programme, promising recombinants are derived from the cross Kaddi x LCA-312 and Dabbi x LCA-312 could be advanced to derive pure lines. To undcr-stand the nature and magnitude of gene effects nine crosses were analysed through generation mean analysis for 15 character. The study indicated that the growth related traits were found to be under the control dominance and additive x additive type of gene interaction. Fruit related traits were under the control of additive, additive x additive type of gene interaction. Resistance to thrips and mites was under the control of non-additive gene effects i.e. dominance, additive x additive and additive x dominance, it suggest that inclusion of parents having high level of resistance for the development of hybrids or to derive pure lines. Dry fruit yield was under the control of dominant and additive X additive type of gene interaction. In order to exploit non-additive gene action development of hybrid is suggested. For the development variety recurrent pedigree selection programme is suggested involving the parents having high level of resistance with high fruit quality traits."
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AN ANALYSIS OF MUTATIONAL ORIGIN OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) Sheshagiri, R; Gowda, M V C
    "An investigation into tljc nature and utility of mutational organ of genetic diversity in groundnut {Arachis hypogaea L.) was carried out during 1995-1999. The material consisted of the mutants derived from Dharwad early runner (DER). The mutagenic treatment of DER with gamma-rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) generated high frequency of mutants representing all four botanical types of groundnut Viz., Spanish bunch (SB), Valencia (VL), Virginia bunch (VB) and Virginia rtinner (VR). A detailed analysis of the breeding behaviour of these mutants revealed several unusual features such as, homozygous mutations, multiple character mutations, germinal reversions, segregation distortions, non-random mutations etc. The non-Mendelian tiunover mechanisms such as transpositions, retropositions, DNA methylation, gene conversion, unequal crossing overs etc., were invoked as possible causes of mutations. Treatment of DER with 5-Azacytidine, a demethylating agent also induced such sub specific and botanical changes indicating a role for methylation in the botanical differentiation of the CTop. The mutagens EMS, gamma rays and 5-Azacytidine might have triggered the non-Mendelian turnover mechanisms. Selected DER mutants representing four botanical types were assessed for morphological, cytological and biochemical variabiUty. The analysis of variance and principal component analysis revealed abundant morphological variability, which was comparable to the natiu^ variation existing in the crop. The karyotypic analysis did not showed any significant variation among the mutants except the number and location of asymmetric chromosomes and secondary constrictions. A very low sterility in parents but high pollen sterility in F1 and F2 plants was observed in the crosses between mutants belongmg to different botanical groups. However, the meiotic analysis indicated normal chromosome pairing except the appearance of a quadrivalent in both, the parents and hybrids. The glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) isozyme analysis showed three banding pattems, wliich were specific to the botanical groups viz., SB, VL and VB/VR. Three polymorphic bands were identified from the seed protein analysis (SDS-PAGE), which distinguished the mutants belonging to two subspecies. Thus, the mutants representing different botanical types at morphological level might be mere expression syndromes at molecular/physiological level. The mutagenesis of DER has resulted in identification of several useful mutants resistant to foliar diseases. Recurrent mutagenesis of selected resistant mutants with EMS and gamma-rays revealed the mutagen and genotype specificity in their mutagenic response. 7Tie recurrent mutagenesis was found to be a potential tool to improve for other characters, retaining resistance in these mutants. The use of resistant mutants along with a resistant germplasm line in tliree way crosses was found to be a potential approach to improve resistance and productivity, simultaneously."
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IDENTIFICATION OF QTLs FOR MAXIMUM ROOT LENGTH IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) USING MOLECULAR MARKERS
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2001) Toorchi, Mahmoud; Shashidhar, H E
    ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE