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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Feasibility of Establishing the Farmer Producer Organization (FPO) on Lime in Vijayapur District(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) Buddha P.; Teggi, M.Y.The study was conducted in all five taluks (Vijayapur, Basavana Bagewadi, Indi, Sindagi, Muddebihal) of Vijayapur district. The descriptive analytical tools such as average, per cent, etc., compound annual growth rate (CAGR), discounted cash flow techniques and Garrett Ranking techniques were employed to analyse the collected data. A positive and significant annual growth in area and production of acid lime was recorded in Karnataka state. Likewise, the CAGR of area and production of acid lime was positive in case of Basavana Bagewadi, Vijayapur and Indi taluks, whereas, it was negative with respect to Sindagi and Muddebihal taluks of the selected district. The SWOT analysis for establishment of lime FPO in the study area revealed that availability of fertilizers and PPCs were the major strengths. Whereas, non-availability of storage facilities and lack of crop insurance were noted to be the weaknesses and easy market access was one of the greatest opportunities. Major threats for establishing FPO for lime in Vijayapur district include, non-acquisition of tractor, grading techniques, counting machine and high commission charges by the agents. Indi taluk of Vijayapur district was considered as a potential taluk for the establishment of lime FPO. The results of discounted cash flow techniques like NPV, BCR and IRR showed that the establishment of FPO for lime in Indi taluk would be financially feasible. In addition, the project would be feasible, even if the total revenue is decreased and the total cost increased by 2 per cent, respectively. Overall, the establishment of lime FPO in Indi taluk is found to be economically feasible. Hence, investing in FPO would definitely enhance the livelihood of small and marginal lime cultivators of the selected district and also fetch profit for the investors. The project would be supported by institutions like SFAC, NABARD and other private organizations.ThesisItem Open Access Production And Marketing of Paddy and Usage of Pesticide in Paddy Production in Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka - an Economic Analysis(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2016-06) Vikram T. B.; Sharma, M.T.The present study attempted to estimate growth in area, production and productivity of paddy, cost and returns, marketing channels and extent of pesticide usage in paddy production in Uttara Kannada district. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted for selection of 120 sample farmers from three taluks (Mundgod, Sirsi and Haliyal) of Uttara Kannada district. The data pertaining to the agricultural year 2015-16 and secondary data from 2002 to 2014 were considered to analyse the growth trends in paddy production. For analysis of data, compound growth rate, tabular analysis, budgeting technique and Cobb-Douglas production analysis were employed. The result indicated that growth in area was observed to be negative and significant at 1.74 per cent and growth in production and productivity of paddy were positive and significant with growth rate of 0.69 and 2.47 per cent respectively. It is worth noting that the variable cost formed a substantial component 74.63 per cent and total fixed accounted 25.37 per cent of total cost of cultivation. The gross return of total output was . 30,091.5 and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 1.40. The MVP to MFC ratios were more than one for seed cost, FYM and machine labour cost, indicating that the resource were underutilized and there was scope for maximizing returns by increasing these resources. The ratio of MVP to MFC were negative for bullock labour, fertilizer, PPC and human labour. It indicates that resources were over used i.e. decrease in the use of these inputs would enhance the returns. The marketing analysis revealed that channel-II was seen more efficient than channel I and producer share in consumer rupee was found highest (65.65 %) in channel-II. Insecticides were the most frequently used pesticides, which accounted for bulk of the share in total pesticides used followed by fungicides and weedicides.ThesisItem Open Access Agricultural Development and Food Security In India and Nigeria: a Comparative Economic Analysis(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Isah Musa Ahmad; Kiresur, V.R.The study aimed at comparing the agricultural development and food security between India and Nigeria. The mean GDP of India was seven times higher than that of Nigeria while GDP per capita of Nigeria was statistically higher to that of India. Service sector contributes highest to GDP but in Nigeria it was agriculture. The average productivity of major agricultural crops in India was averagely higher in India except in sorghum, millet, groundnut, coffee and cotton. There was a declining growth trend of cattle and camel population in India while in Nigeria the declined growth trend was in sheep and goat during the study period. Decomposition analysis in India indicated a productivity-led growth of cereals, area-led growth in pulses, fruits and non-food crops while in Nigeria there was a productivity-led growth in non-food, and an area-led growth in cereals, vegetables and oilseed crops, respectively. The food demand and supply gap in projection reveals that India would be in a surplus of all food commodity group(s) in the year 2020, 2025 and 2030 except in sorghum, pulses and oilseeds while Nigeria would be in surplus of maize, sorghum and fruits in the year 2020 and pulses in the year 2020, 2025 and 2030 respectively. Engel curve identifies similarity in consumption expenditure on food item in both the two countries. Meat, fish, beverages and fruits were revealed as superior food items in India and in Nigeria milk and milk products are superior food items. Food security multi- dimensional index places India at 60.76 per cent and Nigeria at 54.60 per cent improvement on food security.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Climate Variability on Agriculture in North Karnataka-an Economic Analysis(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Tirlapur, Laxmi N.; Mamle Desai, N.R.Climate and agriculture are inextricably linked. Climate change will affect crop yield per hectare causing food insecurity and loss of livelihood. Therefore, present study was undertaken to analyze the impact of climate variability, weather extremities and impact of weather based farming on farm income in north Karnataka. Results revealed that, in Bellary, Bidar, Vijayapura, Kalaburagi and Raichur districts rainfall showed decreasing trend whereas in Belagavi, Dharwad and Uttara Kannda districts rainfall showed an increasing trend during 1983-2013. Maximum deviation in the magnitude of average rainfall between the driest and wettest years was observed for Uttara Kannada district i.e. 385.7 mm, followed by Belagavi (382.7 mm) and Bidar (332.7 mm) districts. Vulnerability analysis revealed that, Bidar ranked first in the overall vulnerability to climate change among the districts of north Karnataka between 1990 to 2013. Agricultural and occupational sector played a significant role to make Bidar district as highly vulnerable. Belagavi and Vijayapura were selected as drought affected areas. It was observed that yield of bajra, tur, sorghum and greengram were significantly affected due to drought in Vijayapura. Whereas, in Belagavi district sugarcane, safflower, bengalgram and cotton yield were affected significantly due to drought. Farmers were not able to cultivate 14.95 per cent and 27.73 per cent of area in Vijayapura and Belagavi districts respectively during drought. To address these problems farmers from Belagavi district using Agromet Advisory Service (AAS) were surveyed. Farmers were using AAS during spraying of plant protection chemicals followed by irrigation (66.67 %), sowing (43.33 %) and fertilizer application (13.33 %). Net returns obtained by AAS farmers was observed to be more in case of soybean (29.46 %) followed by cotton (28.44 %), wheat (26.49 %), greengram (26.45 %), sorghum (25.42 %), bengalgram (24.54%), sunflower (23.24 %), groundnut (20.92 %) and maize (19.44 %) compared to non-AAS farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Economics of Sheep and Goat Farming in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Sajjanshettar, Muralidhar S.; Teggi, M.Y.The present study was undertaken to study the economics of sheep and goat farming in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka using the data pertaining to the year 2014-15. The primary data were collected from 90 sample respondents from the study area. The sample respondents consists of 90 farmers selected from Belagavi, Bagalkote and Vijayapur districts and from each selected district 2 taluks comprising of 30 samples were selected randomly. From each taluk 15 goat and sheep farmers were selected for the study i.e., 30 samples in each district. The major analytical tools were used in study as the tabular analysis was used to work out the cost and returns structure of sheep and goats farming. Garrett rankings were used to analyze the problems and to identify major problem. Shepherd formula was used to analyze the identification of different marketing channels efficiency. The results of the study revealed that, the total cost of sheep and goat farming was 7,500 and 3,500 per animal per year for small and large farmers, respectively. The returns realized from the sale of animals, milk and manure were 6,000 and 2,500 per animal per year for small and large farmers respectively. Among sale of animals, the major receipt was found from the sale of grown up sheep (lambs) and goats (kid) which accounted for about 98.87 per cent of the total returns followed by sale of milk (0.58 %) and sale of manure (0.53 %). The net returns were realized by the sample farmers from sheep and goat farming was around 1,800 per animal per year. As a supplementary enterprise, sheep and goat farming provides a sizable net returns. Hence, there is ample scope for small and marginal farmers as well as agricultural labourers to take up the livestock enterprise as a gainful subsidiary occupation.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of National Food Security Mission (NFSM) on Pulse Economy of Northern Karnataka(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Shiraganvi, Siddeshwar S.; Guledagudda, S.S.The present study was conducted to examine the impact of National Food Security Mission on pulse economy in northern Karnataka. Northern Karnataka was selected purposively as it is one of the major pulses growing area in the state and also covered under the National Food Security Mission scheme. To analyze import-export performance of pulses in India and growth performance in major pulse growing districts (8) of Karnataka the secondary data was collected from various published sources. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was employed for the selection of sample districts (2), taluks (4), villages (8) and farmers (160). Primary data was collected for the crop year 2014-15 from the selected sample farmers in Kalaburagi and Vijayapur districts. The analytical tools employed were compound growth rate analysis, instability index, tabular analysis and budgeting technique. The growth in import and export of pulses during the study period was positive and increasing annually and the instability index was found higher in case of export of pulses as compared to import of pulses in India. The growth rates in area, production and yield of pigeonpea, chickpea and total pulses during the study period was found positive in majority of the districts and state as a whole. The quantities of inputs utilized and amount of labour used to carry out different operations in one hectare cultivation of pigeonpea and chickpea were more in case of beneficiary farmers as against non-beneficiary farmers. As a result the net returns and gross returns were more in case of beneficiary farmers both in pigeonpea and chickpea crops as compared to non-beneficiary and thus, NFSM scheme has played an important role in enhancing pigeonpea and chickpea production in the study area by adopting improved varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Production and Marketing of Sorghum in North Karnataka(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Haralu, Anuradha; Mundinamani, S.M.The present study was under taken in two major sorghum growing districts of north Karnataka viz. Belagavi and Vijayapura. Multistage sampling procedure was followed for selection of 120 Sorghum growers and twenty market intermediaries. Primary data was collected from sample farmers and market intermediaries for the agriculture year 2014-15 through personal interview method. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of sorghum was obtained from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore and District statistical offices of Belagavi and Vijayapura. Tabular and budgeting techniques were used for primary data analysis, compound growth rate for secondary data and garret ranking technique for constraints analysis. Growth rates in area, production and productivity of sorghum in Belagavi district were -2.89 per cent, 0.04 per cent and 3.49 per cent respectively. Similarly in Vijayapura district growth rates in area, production and productivity of sorghum were -4.55 per cent, -1.40 per cent and 3.30 per cent respectively. The total cost incurred for kharif and rabi sorghum cultivation were 10,546.43 and 9,467.4 per acre respectively. The net returns realized per acre for kharif and rabi sorghum were found to be 6,943.97 and 4,459.06 and the benefit cost ratios in that order was 1.65 and 1.47, respectively. Producers share in consumer rupee was more in channel-III in Belagavi market (97.29 %) and Vijayapura market (98.3 %), where marketing cost was 32.42 and 34.21 respectively. Major problems faced by the farmers were high cost of labour, non-availability of labour during peak period, hence partial mechanization of farming operations is necessary. Prices were low during high arrivals and vice versa. Hence, the producers may be advised to plan their production as well as sale of the crop.ThesisItem Open Access Production and Marketing of Soybean in Belagavi District of Karnataka - an Economic Analysis(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Yogananda. R.E.; M.T. SharmaSoybean (Glycine max (L). Merill.) is a major oil seed crop in the world. It is known as golden bean and miracle crop because of its several uses. The multistage sampling procedure was adopted for selection of 120 sample farmers from Belagavi district. The results indicated that growth in area was positive and significant at 3.33 per cent per annum and production was positive but non-significant at 1.29 per cent per annum but productivity showing negative growth rate -1.98 per cent per annum. Among the different categories of farmers, the total variable cost incurred by large farmers was highest ( 43,266.08 / ha) as compared to medium ( 40,555.98 / ha) and small farmers ( 39,935.93 / ha). And the total cost incurred by the large farmers was highest ( 55,498.04 / ha) as compared to medium and small farmers ( 52,668.28 / ha and 51,914.95 / ha) respectively. The highest returns was obtained by large farmers ( 92,256.87 / ha) followed by medium farmers ( 86,812.95 / ha) and small farmers ( 83,875.29 / ha). The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was highest in large farmers (1.66) than medium and small farmers (1.64 and 1.61 respectively). Decreasing returns to scale was observed in small farmers, (0.98) where as an increasing returns to scale was observed in medium and large farmers (1.10 and 1.05 respectively). The marketing analysis revealed that channel-III have more producer’s share in consumer’s rupee (92.38 %) than channel-I (87.24 %), and channel-II (87.78 %). Non-availability of labour and high cost of labour were the main constraints in soybean production and fluctuation of market prices was major constraint observed in marketing of soybean by most of the farmers.ThesisItem Open Access An Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Cabbage and Cauliflower in Belagavi District of Karnataka(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Birwa, Satish Kumar; Basavaraja, H.Cabbage and cauliflower are important and extensively grown vegetables in Karnataka. The state ranks 10th place in area and production of cabbage with total cropped area of 10,483 hectare and production of 2,16,627 tonnes. Whereas, with respect to cauliflower the state ranks 14th place in area and production with total cropped area of 4,686 hectare (1.14 %) and production of 82,324 tonnes (1.04 %). The study was conducted to estimate cost and returns structure in cabbage and cauliflower in Belagavi district where these two vegetables are extensively grown. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted for selection of 90 sample farmers for each crop from Belagavi district. The cost of cultivation for cabbage was 57,681 per hectare and it was 60,288 in cauliflower. The variable cost ( 45,487 in cabbage and 48,076 in cauliflower) formed a substantial portion (more than 78.8 %) of the total cost of cultivation. The higher net returns were obtained from cauliflower ( 1,24,537 /ha) compared to cabbage ( 79,088 /ha). The B:C ratio was 1.37 and 2.07 respectively for cabbage and cauliflower. The optimum quantity of pesticide required for cabbage and cauliflower was 2.462 and 2.466 (a.i. kg or l/ha) respectively. The marginal value product to marginal fixed cost ratio for seeds (11.25) and human labour (2.97) were more than one in cabbage. Whereas, the ratio of manures and fertilizer (-1.06), plant protection chemicals (-2.64) along with bullock and machine labour (0.91) were negative. Similar results was found in the case of cauliflower. The channel-III was found to be more efficient than channel-I and channel-II. With respect to production constraints lack of labour availability was major problem as expressed by majority of farmers, followed by problem of pest and diseases. In marketing, fluctuation of price was reported to be a major problem, followed by poor transportation facility.
