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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Investment Pattern in Irrigation Development in Karnataka : An Economic Prospective(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Mahesh Katageri; R.S. PoddarThis study was conducted to know the investment pattern in irrigation development in Karnataka. Objectives of the investigation were investment, potential created, utilization and identifying the constraints in irrigation development in Karnataka. Total investment on irrigation grew at a rate of 11.4 per cent. It was 18.3 per cent in KNNL, 13.2 per cent in MI, 7.9 per cent in CNNL and KBJNL was declining at the rate of 0.3 per cent. Total irrigation potential created in KBJNL was to the tune of 10, 69,202 ha which only 5, 49,821 ha was utilized, CNNL was to the extent of 5, 97, 89 ha which was only 25,251 ha was utilized, KNNL was to the tune of 91,236 ha which was only 46,973 ha was utilized and MI was 6, 89,203 ha which was only 4, 25,483 ha was utilized. Leading to a gap of 57.8 per cent, 48.6 per cent, 48.5 per cent and 38.2 per cent in CNNL, KBJNL, KNNL and MI with respectively. With regard to minor irrigation large gap was observed in north Karnataka (44.9%) compared to south (31.6%). With respect to changes in cropping pattern during kharif in Malaprabha command area. Large percentage change was noticed in hybrid maize (14.9%) whereas, cotton was declining at the rate of 10.1 per cent, during rabi large percentage change was noticed in hybrid maize (12.8%) whereas, hybrid wheat declining at the rate of 7.4 per cent. Majority of experts (97%) expressed that there are wide gaps in potential creation and utilization. About 63 per cent of respondents felt that financial support for development of irrigation was satisfactory. Encroachment and siltation of tank bed, poor maintenance, and inadequate power supply, inadequate funds and lack of institutional support were identified as major constraints for irrigation development in Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access An Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Coffee in Chikmagalur District of Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Avinash Kumar H.S.; S.M. MundinamaniThe objective of the study was to analyse the production and marketing of coffee in Chikmagalur district of Karnataka. A multistage random sampling procedure was adopted in selection of the sample farmers. The results revealed that the Chikmagalur district was found to be having positive growth rate in area and production (2.5% and 0.21%) while the productivity was negative (-1.96%). On the contrary, a lower positive and significant growth rate was observed in coffee area and production for the state as a whole, whereas the productivity showed negative trend (- 0.91%). Per hectare establishment cost of coffee was found to be 393371.00 and 361860.00 in small and large plantations respectively. Per hectare maintenance cost during bearing period worked out to be as 110761.90 and 102968.20 in small and large plantations respectively. The average per ha yield from small plantation was 3143.80 Kg and from large plantation it was 3125.96 Kg. Net returns were 201634.40 from small plantation and 215664.67 from large plantation. Financial analysis revealed that discount rate at 12 per cent, the coffee enterprises has maximum NPV ( 305992.41 & 396471.69), BCR (1.35 & 1.49), PBP (7.61 & 7.11 years) and IRR (17% & 19%) in small and large plantations respectively. Two marketing channels were identified in which the producer’s share in consumer rupee was highest in channel-II (96.87%) and it was 94.20% in channel-I. High fluctuation in prices, non availability of labours, weather extremity, no disciplinary trading system and incidence of stem borer and coffee rust were the main problems confronting the cultivators. Adoption of recommended cultivation practices, provision of adequate credit would help in expanding the area and also in increasing the productivity of coffee.ThesisItem Open Access Economic Analysis of Surface and Subsurface Drainage System in Canal Commands of North Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Manjunath R. Mukkannawar; R.S. PoddarThe problems of water logging and salinization in irrigated commands have led to low productivity, decline in crop production, increase in cost of production and farm income. Surface and subsurface drainage technologies have found to be suitable for ameliorating these problems. The present study was conducted in Malaprabha and Ghataprabha irrigation command areas of North Karnataka, with an objective of identifying and analyzing the cost and returns of surface and subsurface drainage system and to study the impact of on-farm socio-economic condition of farmers. The results revealed that, the per hectare cost of adoption of surface drainage was Rs. 11,214 and Rs. 62,557 in case of subsurface drainage (PVC) and Rs. 47,628 in case of subsurface drainage (tile). The financial feasibility analysis showed in the case of surface drainage, NPV, BCR, IRR and PBP were Rs. 27,880, 2.97, 69 per cent and two years, respectively. Similarly in case the of subsurface drainage (PVC) NPV, BCR, IRR and PBP were Rs. 1,87,282, 4, 33 per cent and three years, respectively and in the case of subsurface drainage (tile) NPV, BCR, IRR and PBP were Rs.1,66,387, 4.72, 46 per cent and two years, respectively. Major problems in adoption of surface drainage and subsurface drainage were lack of knowledge, lack of cooperation among neighboring farmers. As the investment in adoption of surface drainage and subsurface drainage were found financially feasible, the farmers who wish to adopt these technologies may do so. Hence, the policy makers should encourage adoption of surface drainage and subsurface drainage by the farmers. Throw light on the subsidized rate of interest and scale of finance from financial institutions.ThesisItem Open Access Economics of Cropping Systems Under Rainfed Situations in Belgaum and Dharwad Districts of Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Kumara B.R.; S.B. HosamaniFocus of the present study was on economic evaluation of the major cropping systems in Belgaum and Dharwad districts of Karnataka. A sample size of 160 farmers was selected using multistage sampling technique and data were elicited for the agriculture year 2009-10 through survey method. The techniques of tabular and functional analysis were employed. CS-I (maize + redgram), CS-II (sorghum + redgram), CS-III (greengram + redgram) and CS-IV (soybean sole crop) were the four important cropping system followed in the study area. Under rainfed condition, it was found that, per hectare total variable cost was high in CS-I (Rs. 20931.75/ha), followed by CS-III (Rs. 20410.67/ha) and CS-IV (Rs. 19969.04/ha). The hectare total fixed cost was high in CS-II (Rs. 6151.04/ha), followed by CS-IV (Rs. 6039.04/ha) and CS-III (Rs. 6019.20/ha). The maximum net returns were found under CS-II (Rs. 24659.08/ha), followed by CS-I, CS-IV and CS-III (Rs. 22512.80, Rs. 13719.30 and Rs. 12507.44/ha, respectively). B:C ratio was found to be highest in CS-II (2.01), followed by CS-I, CS-IV and CS-III with values of 1.84, 1.53 and 1.47, respectively. The results of the functional analysis revealed that the ratio of MVP to MFC was greater than one for human labour and seed under major cropping systems, indicating further scope for using additional units of these inputs to increase gross income. Majority of farmers faced the problems of exogenous factors, high wages, scarcity of own fund, price fluctuation and lack of market information, which lead to uncertainty of income to the farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative Economics of Pigeonpea Production Under Transplanted and Conventional Methods in Selected Districts of Northern Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Sangmesh R. Patil; S.B. HosamaniIndian rural economy is basically considered to be a crop economy. Transplanted method is one of the recent developments contributing to the higher yields in pigeon pea cultivating areas of Northern Karnataka. The per hectare average yield of pigeonpea on transplanted farm (26.25 qtl/ha) was higher than that of conventional system of pigeonpea growers (15.25 qtl/ha). The cultivation of pigeon pea in transplanted method was found to be more profitable compared to conventional method. Total cost of cultivation in transplanted method and conventional method were Rs. 39,382.28 per hectare and Rs. 30,819.53 per hectare respectively. Net returns were found to be higher in the case of Transplanted system (Rs. 54,103.25/ha) than in conventional method (Rs. 25,562.78/ha). Resources were optimally used in transplanted system, whereas in the case of conventional system, resources were not used optimally. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.72 and 0.69 for conventional and transplanted system of pigeonpea growers, respectively. Age, education, income level, area under pigeon pea, irrigation availability, extension contact and family labour availability were the factors influencing the adoption of transplanted system of pigeon pea. Among these, education of the farmer and his extension contact were found to be the major factors influencing the adoption of transplanted method of pigeonpea cultivation. Problems faced by the growers of pigeon pea were studied under bio-physical, socio-economic and other. Higher incidence of pests and diseases was a major biophysical problem while fluctuation in the prices of commodity and non-availability of required labour were the worth noting socio-economic and other problems, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access An Economic Analysis of Black Pepper (Pipper nigrum L.) Varietal Diversity and Its Conservation in Kerala(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Resmi P.; L.B. KunnalThe role of traditional varieties as a contributor of genes to the modern varieties is well documented and hence carries an economic value. The present study was undertaken to economically analyse the black pepper varietal diversity and its conservation by collecting data regarding conservation of black pepper germplasm at institutional level and also from farmers of Kerala state through multi stage sampling process. Sample size was 300 farmers. Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR), Kozhikode has the maximum share of germplasm collections in case of Piper species (70.64 per cent) followed by All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) centers for Spices (13.34 per cent). A total of 6810 accessions of eleven spice crops are maintained at IISR of which the black pepper accessions alone comes to 3097. Black pepper accessions accounts nearly half the share of germplasm collections maintained at the institute (45.47 per cent). Rs. 88.32 was spent on each black pepper accession for its conservation annually in filed and it was cost effective when compared to in vitro conservation. The transformed Herfindhal Index computed to analyze the varietal diversity of black pepper in the state was less (0.2973) indicating low diversity. Sixty four varieties were reported to be in cultivation and now it has reduced to thirty four registering a loss of thirty varieties (46.88 per cent). The Cobb Douglas production analysis revealed that there was technological breakthrough in pepper cultivation in the state. The total difference in productivity levels of old and new technology forms was positive. In this, contribution of technology was invariably positive. Neutral technological change was positive and the non-neutral technological change component was always negative. Tobit analysis was used to find out the factors determining on-farm conservation of varietal diversity. The total land holding, age, education level of the farmer, type of farming and resistance of variety to the pest and disease attack was found to influence the farmer’s opinion towards conservation of traditional varieties in a positive manner in all the five districts.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of Primary Agricultural Co-Operative Credit Societies in Dharwad District of Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Chandragouda Marigoudar; S.S. GuledguddaFarm credit is a strategic input and demand for it steadily increased with the advent of modern technology. Among the various financial institutions, the cooperatives have emerged as a major source of agricultural credit. A three- tier system of co-operative credit structure came into existence to meet short term and medium term credit requirements of the farmers. An enquiry into the performance of PACS’s in Dharwad district could reveal interesting facts about the society’s performance according to geographical variations. Fifteen PACS’s were selected for the study, which represented three different agro-climatic zones. The study was based on both primary and secondary data. The growth in the employees, membership and loan account was positive and significant in most of the societies. Growth in financial variables like overdues and loss showed positive for most of the societies. This implied that most of the societies incurring losses. The liquidity and solvency position of the bank was found to be sound. However, the net profit to net worth ratio was found to be negative. The recovery percentage for the selected PACS’s increased over the years. The principal component analysis revealed that almost all variables were closely associated with performance of the societies in first component. The variations explained by these variables were ranged from 67 per cent to 85 per cent in all selected societies during the study period. Agricultural loan dominated among the loan amount advanced for different purposes followed by non-agricultural loan for small and large farmers, whereas, for medium farmers non-agricultural loan dominated. Demand and collection of the societies showed an increasing over the years.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of Cotton in Traditional Paddy Fields of Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka -An Economic Analysis(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Anand S. Menasinahal; L.B. KunnalThe present study was conducted in Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka during 2010-2011. From the district Mundgoad and Haliyal taluks where paddy crop has largely been replaced by cotton were selected purposively and from each taluk 30 farmers growing paddy 30 farmers growing cotton were selected by using multistage sampling method. It was observed that annual growth rates in area, production and productivity of cotton in Uttar Kannada district were positive whereas the same registered a negative growth rate for paddy. The total cost incurred by sample farmers in cotton cultivation (Rs. 34452.67/ha) was high compared to paddy (Rs. 31616.24/ha). However the net returns realised per hectare of cotton cultivation was Rs. 5122.73 which was higher as compared to paddy (Rs. 40530.76). The B:C ratio was also higher in case of cotton (2.48) compared to paddy (2.28). Further, the ratio of MVP to MFC was positive and more than unity for chemical fertilizer, FYM and bullock labour in case of paddy and it was also more than unity for FYM and seed in case of cotton revealing that these resources were underutilized and there was further scope for maximising returns by increasing the use of these resources. Change in temperature, change in rainfall pattern and high gross income from cotton were the major reasons for shifting over from paddy to cotton cultivation. Low yields, high wage rates and incidence of pests and diseases were major problems in cultivation of paddy whereas, in case of cotton, high cost plant protection measures and uncertainty of rains were the severe problems.ThesisItem Open Access An Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Rubber in Tripura(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Satya Ranjan Dey; S.M. MundinamaniAn economic analysis of production and marketing of rubber was conducted in West and South Tripura districts. Primary data was collected from 120 farmers and 20 market intermediaries spread over these two districts. Secondary data was collected from rubber board. The data collected were subjected to tabular, CGR and financial analysis. The results revealed that a positive and significant growth in area and production was observed in both districts and state as a whole, while productivity was found to be increasing but non-significant. In West Tripura, per hectare total cost of establishment was Rs.2,50,307.27 and Rs. 2,33,333.16 in small and large plantations, respectively whereas in South Tripura it was Rs. 2,41,010.49 and Rs. 2,27,429.86 in that order. In West Tripura, the per hectare maintenance cost was Rs. 80,392.48 and Rs. 81,204.66 in small and large plantations, respectively whereas in South Tripura it was Rs. 80,933.17 and Rs. 82,114.84 in that order. The per hectare average yield of rubber sheet was 1460.18 kg and 1415.44 kg in West and South Tripura, respectively whereas the yield of scrap rubber was 128.84 kg and 126.58 kg in that order. The financial analysis revealed that rubber enterprise has maximum NPV, IRR, BCR and PBP. Among the two channels for marketing of rubber sheet and one channel for marketing of scrap rubber, the producer’s share in factory’s rupee was almost same in all cases. Non-availability of skilled tapper, higher initial investment, non-availability and high cost of fertilizers, high fluctuation in prices and high cost of transportation were the main problems confronting the cultivators. As investment in rubber plantation was found to be financially feasible, the farmers, who wish to establish rubber plantation, may do so even if they have to borrow for establishing the plantations at the prevailing rate of interest from financial institutions.