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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour

Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour established on 5th August, 2010 is a basic and strategic institution supporting more than 500 researchers and educationist towards imparting education at graduate and post graduate level, conducting basic, strategic, applied and adaptive research activities, ensuring effective transfer of technologies and capacity building of farmers and extension personnel. The university has 6 colleges (5 Agriculture and 1 Horticulture) and 12 research stations spread in 3 agro-ecological zones of Bihar. The University also has 21 KVKS established in 20 of the 25 districts falling under the jurisdiction of the University. The degree programmes of the university and its colleges have been accredited by ICAR in 2015-16. The university is also an ISO 9000:2008 certified organisation with International standard operating protocols for maintaining highest standards in teaching, research, extension and training.VisionThe Bihar Agricultural University was established with the objective of improving quality of life of people of state especially famers constituting more than two third of the population. Having set ultimate goal of benefitting society at large, the university intends to achieve it by imparting word-class need based agricultural education, research, extension and public service.

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    BookItemOpen Access
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    BookItemOpen Access
    Book of Abstracts, National Seminar on “Recent Developments in Nutrient Management Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture: The Indian Context
    (2022-06) Beura, Kasturikasen; Beura, K. ; Kohli, A.; Pradhan, A.K.; Das, A.; Rakshit, Rajiv ... [et al.]
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Synthesis, characterization and efficacy of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) in rice and wheat rhizosphere
    (Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Sabour, 2022) Satdev; Mandal, Nintu
    Iron (Fe) deficiency is appearing gradually in soils where high yielding crop varieties are cultivated in intensive cereal-cereal cropping system. FeSO4.7H2O reported to have very low fertilizer use efficiency (1-5%) owing to interaction with soil components and its higher solubility. There is need for developing intelligent Fe fertilizers or intelligent nutrient delivery system. Nanotechnology based nano Fe fertilizer seems to be promising over conventional formulation due to its higher aspect ratio coupled with increased chemical reactivity. However, studies about nano Fe fertilizer synthesis and their impact on soil plant system are rare. Hence, keeping in this thing into consideration a research work was undertaken entitled “Synthesis, characterization and efficacy of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) in rice and wheat rhizosphere” with the objectives of (i) Synthesis (chemical, biological and nanocomposite) and characterization of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) (ii) To evaluate the efficacy of Fe-NPs under laboratory condition (iii) To evaluate the efficacy of Fe nanoparticles in rice and wheat rhizosphere under pot experiment. This study included synthesis and characterization of three novel Fe fertilizers i.e., chemically and biologically synthesized of nano Fe and iron loaded nanoclay polymer composites (Fe-NCPC). Fe were contained 5.05%, 0.97% and 4.47% in Fe-NPs (Chem.), Fe-NPs (Bio.) Fe-NCPC, respectively. Chemical and biological synthesized nano Fe shown spherical morphology with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). While Fe-NCPC under SEM illustrated the exfoliated type structure. Average particles size of chemically and biologically synthesized nano Fe using dynamic light scattering (DLS) was measured as 35.4 nm and 25.5 nm, respectively. Functional group characteristics of chemical synthesized nano Fe was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) peak at 669 to 472 cm-1 correspond to Fe-O stretching and vibrational adsorption, at 1630 cm-1 correspond to C=O, 2920 cm-1 asymmetric stretching of C-H and at 3220 to 3440 cm-1 was assigned to O-H stretching vibration. Functional group of biosynthesized nano Fe was at 472 cm-1 for indicate Fe oxide (Fe-O), 1630 cm-1 for carbonyl group, 1300 to 1000 cm-1 for C-O stretching might be due to covalent linkage of ether or ether groups to NPs, 3200 cm-1 to 3600 cm-1 for the organic functional group i.e. hydroxyl or –NH groups. Similarly, in Fe-NCPC shifting of -CONH2 bands from 1690 cm-1 to 1636.09 cm-1 confirmed the interactions between clay surface and polymer. X-ray diffraction of Nano Fe carries illustrated that mixed phases of Fe were present such as Hematite, Magnetite, Meghemite and Pyrite in Fe-Chem. and Fe-Bio nano Fe and Fe-NCPC. Under laboratory incubation experiment in Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents maximum DTPA-Fe (37.17 mg kg-1 and 36.55 mg kg-1) was recorded at 60 days after incubation in Fe-NCPC. Fe-NCPC was found to be most efficient Fe fertilizer in terms of controlled release pattern at the end of incubation as compared to FeSO4.7H2O followed by biological synthesized nano Fe and chemical synthesized nano Fe. Nano Fe fertilizers i.e., chemical and biological synthesized nano Fe nano and Fe-NCPC (at three levels doses of Fe 25%, 50% and 100%) along with nano synthesized (chemical and biological) Fe foliar application (40 ppm) were further investigated in comparison with 100% RDFe through FeSO4.7H2O and control in a pot culture experiment under Rice (Rajendra Mansuri) crop. RDFe 100% through nano carriers (Biosynthesized and Chemical synthesized nano Fe) and Fe-NCPC recorded significantly higher DTPA Fe content in Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents as compared to FeSO4.7H2O. While RDFe 25% through nano Fe-NCPC, Fe-NPs (Bio.) and Fe-NPs (Chem.) maintained statistically at par DTPA-Fe content as comparison to FeSO4.7H2O 100%. Synthesized nano Fe carriers significantly contributed in Fe pools in Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. Fe-NCPC as well as nano Fe carriers (Bio-chemical synthesized) significantly increased acid phosphatase (APA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPA) activity as well as urease activity in post-harvest soils Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. Fe-NCPC 100%, Fe-NPs (Bio.) 100% and Fe-NPs (Chem.) 100% increased grain yield (12.98% & 4.25%), (10.88% & 3.14%) and (9.54% and 2.59%) of rice under Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents compared to FeSO4.7H2O. RDFe 100%, 50% and 25% through nano Fe carriers recorded significantly higher Fe content in rice grain under Typic Haplustepts while 100% and 50% Fe through Fe-NCPC, Fe-NPs (Bio.) and NPs (Chem.) observed significantly higher Fe concentration in rice grain under Typic Ustifluvents as compare to FeSO4.7H2O. RDFe of 100% through nano Fe carriers i.e. Fe-NCPC, Fe-NPs (Bio.) and Fe-NPs (Chem.) recorded significantly enhanced Fe uptake by rice as compared to FeSO4.7H2O in post-harvest Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. Nano Fe carriers 25% RDFe recorded statistically at par variation as compared to FeSO4.7H2O. Maximum Apparent recovery of Fe (39.16% & 31.19%) and Agronomy Efficiency (1.30 g g-1 & 1.28 g g-1) were recorded under foliar application of Fe-NPs (Bio.) (40 ppm) followed by Fe-NPs (Chem.) (40 ppm) over FeSO4.7H2O under Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. RDFe 25% through Fe-NCPC 25% was significantly higher ARFe (13.20% & 7.88%) and Agronomy efficiency while 25% RDFe through biological and chemical synthesis Fe-NPs were statistically at par as compared to FeSO4.7H2O. Chemically and biologically synthesized nano Fe fertilizer at foliar spray was also proven to be effective in increasing grain and straw yield as well as enhanced the nutrient content plant acquisition. Synthesized nanoscale Fe carrier i.e. Fe-NPs (Chem.), Fe-NPs (Bio.) and Fe-NCPC application of at three different levels 100%, 50% and 25% as well as foliar application (40 ppm) of chemical and biological synthesized nano Fe carriers were further investigated as compared to 100% RDFe through FeSO4.7H2O and control in a pot culture experiment under wheat (HD 2967) crop in Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. Recommend dose of Fe 100% through nano carriers recorded significantly higher DTPA Fe content in Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. While RDFe 25% through nano Fe-NCPC, biological and chemical synthesized nano Fe carriers maintained statistically at par DTPA-Fe content as comparison to FeSO4.7H2O. Synthesized nano Fe carriers significantly contributed in Fe pools in Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. Fe-NCPC as well as nano Fe carriers (Bio-chemical synthesized) significantly increased acid phosphatase (APA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPA) activity in post-harvest soils Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. Fe-NCPC 100%, Fe-NPs (Bio.) 100% and Fe-NPs (Chem.) 100% recorded more grain yield of wheat (6.47% & 6.60), (4.84% & 5.21%) and (4.49% & 4.52%) in Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents compared to FeSO4.7H2O, respectively. Soil (RDFe 100%, 50% and 25%) and foliar (40 ppm) application of nano Fe carriers recorded significantly higher Fe content and total Fe uptake by wheat crop under Typic Haplustepts while RDFe 100% and 50% through nano Fe carriers recorded significantly higher Fe content in grain as well as total Fe uptake by wheat as compared to FeSO4.7H2O under Typic Ustifluvents. Nano Fe carriers 25% RDFe were recorded statistically at par as compared to FeSO4.7H2O. Post-harvest Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents soil, maximum Apparent Recovery of Fe (53.00% & 29.38%) and Agronomy Efficiency (1.30 g g-1 & 1.60 g g-1) were recorded under foliar application of Fe-NPs (Bio.) (40 ppm) followed by Fe-NPs (Chem.) (40 ppm) recorded ARFe (48.93% & 26.37%) and AE (1.23 g g-1 & 1.38 g g-1) over FeSO4.7H2O. RDFe 25% through Fe-NCPC 25% was significantly higher ARFe (13.83% & 7.92%) and AE (0.42 g g-1 & 0.40 g g-1) while 25% RDFe through biologically and chemically synthesized Fe-NPs recorded statistically at par variation as compared to FeSO4.7H2O. Chemically and biologically synthesized nano Fe carriers at foliar spray was also proven to be effective in increasing straw, grain yield and plant nutrition. However, Nano Fe carriers need to be evaluated in long-term cropping system under field experiments in diverse soil types and evaluation of nano Fe sources in terms of benefit: cost ratio and wide scale adaptability is required
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Application of BBCH scale for phenological studies in litchi in relation to temperature
    (Department of Horticulture (Fruit Science), BAU, Sabour, 2022) Aman, Ankita; Rani, Ruby
    Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) of the sapindaceae family is one of the important sub-tropical fruit crops of India and require very specific climate for its successful condition. The growth, flowering and yield in litchi is greatly influenced by temperature. Phenology is the study of periodical plant development events and how they are affected by environmental conditions factors mainly temperature. In fact, changes in the time of phenophases of fruit trees are of great economical importance because they have direct impact on factors influencing final fruit yield. Phenological studies in litchi are also important for planned management of orchards and alerting litchi growers against environmental vagaries. BBCH-scale (BBCH = Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) proposed by various workers has its own advantages of its simplicity and ease of use for annual, biennial and perennial plants and it also describes both the vegetative and reproductive stages of plant growth in sequential manner. Thus, an experiment was conducted to study the phenological development in litchi variety Deshi and Kasba using extended BBCH scale at experimental plot of Bihar agricultural University, Sabour that lies in indo gangetic plain of Bihar, India for three consecutive years from 2019 to 2021. The time, duration and prevailing temperature at each phenological stages of litchi were recorded as per extended BBCH scale in which 7 out of 10 principal stages were used, starting with bud development (stage 0) and ending with maturity of fruit (stage 8). Pictures of all phenophases were taken to see the morphological difference among them. Phenological development of all the stages of Deshi and Kasba was found significantly different in each year regarding their time of initiation and duration. The initiation of 1st vegetative flush started after 30-35 days in Deshi and 45-50 days in Kasba after harvest. The bud development (Stage 010) started in last week of June to first week of July in Deshi variety for 1st flush and first week of September for second flush. It was last week of July to first week of August in Kasba variety for first flush in both the year and first week of October for second flush. In variety Deshi phenological development was earlier in 2019 as Compared to 2020 and 2021 and it was delayed in 2020. Similar trend was noted in variety Kasba also. All stages of inflorescence were earlier in Deshi as compared to Kasba in each year of observation. It was also reflected that during 2020 all the mesostages was delayed in both the varieties. It was observed that prevailing temperature greatly influenced time and duration of particular phenophases in both the varieties. Positive correlation between maximum and minimum temperature with stages in both the variety was observed. Varietal difference was also observed in this regard and for stage 500, Deshi took higher temperature as compared to Kasba. However, all other stages, it was lower in Deshi as compared to Kasba. The principal stage flowering started earlier in Deshi than Kasba in all the years. But the phase duration of this stage did not vary much among the variety as it ranged from 30 to 32 days in Deshi and 28 to 33 days in Kasba during the year under study. Changes in leaf nutritional status in different phenological stages was also observed and highest Nitrogen (1.62 %) and Phosphorus content (0.27 %) was noted before beginning of stage 5 i.e. inflorescence stage and Potassium was maximum (1.25 %) at flowering stage. Similarly maximum carbohydrates (7.56 %) at stage initiation of stage 5 i.e. inflorescence stage. This study adds knowledge about year to year phenological development in relation to temperature. However, a long-term monitoring of litchi varieties for their phenophases and their relation to temperature is required to confirm the critical temperature for different phenophases and to see the phenological development in litchi with change in climate.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of submergence tolerant backcross derived lines of an elite rice variety “Rajendra Sweta
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2022) Singh, Digvijay; Satyendra
    The present research work entitled Characterization of submergence tolerant backcross derived lines of an elite rice variety “Rajendra Sweta” was undertaken on the backcross populations developed through Marker Assisted Back-crossed introgression of submergence tolerant Sub1 QTL from donor parent Swarna Sub1 to Rajendra Sweta, a well-adapted, high yielding and preferred rice variety of Bihar state in order to remove its bottleneck of submergence susceptibility. Total of 5 best homozygous plants out of 32 BC2F2 with maximum morphological similarity to Rajendra Sweta were selected to carry out background selection. The highest recurrent parent genome recovery was in plant number BC2F2-RS-126-100-50 (94.81 %) selected for the development of BC2F3. In BC2F3, 45 single plants based on phenotypic similarity to Rajendra Sweta were selected and advanced to BC2F4 generation. Screening for submergence tolerance revealed that all the Sub1 introgressed BC2F4 lines exhibited survival percentage either similar or better than the donor parent Swarna Sub1 and tolerant check FR13A. All the Sub1 introgressed BC2F4 lines of Rajendra Sweta expressed increased rate of ADH and PDC activities and maintained higher level of both soluble (NSC) and insoluble carbohydrate (SC). BC2F4 lines had low chlorophyll degradation compared to Rajendra Sweta. Five backcross derived lines namely BC2F4-RS-24, BC2F4-RS-14, BC2F4-RS-7, BC2F4-RS-18, BC2F4-RS-37 were found better than the recurrent parent Rajenda Sweta in terms of yield, grain and cooking quality traits. Identified backcross derived lines could be further utilized for detailed study related to adaptability under different agro-climatic zones of the state.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigation of strains, resistance level and microbial association of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)
    (Department of Entomology, BAU, Sabour, 2022) Sahani, Shrawan Kumar; Saha, Tamoghna
    The present experiment was conducted in the laboratory Department of Entomology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur during the year from 2020 to 2022. The present investigation was aimed with the following objectives namely, (i) to find out the prevalence of strain of Spodoptera frugiperda present in Eastern India, (ii) to study the degree of resistance acquired by Spodoptera frugiperda against selected insecticides, (iii) to find out the association of microbiomes with Spodoptera frugiperda and (iv) detection of larval parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda. The fall armyworm (FAW) larvae had identical morphological characteristics and were identified as S. frugiperda. The present study successfully amplified S. frugiperda strains by mtCOI-5 in 18 locations in the eastern part of India (Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Orissa) and found considerable 12 nucleotide position variations when compared with ‘rice strain’ i.e. (R Strain). Similarly, variations were also observed in nucleotide positions when compared with the "corn strain," i.e. (C strain). Thus, phylogenetic analysis of the 18 fall armyworm samples revealed that the Rstrain predominated over the C-strain in the eastern part of India, with the majority of samples, i.e., twelve samples, showing a closer resemblance to the Rstrain and six samples showing a closer resemblance to the C-strain. In addition to that, the resistance levels of fall armyworm were recorded against different chemistries of newer insecticides with different modes of action. The results revealed that among the different districts of Bihar, the Munger population showed the highest resistance ratio (RR50) to sodium channel modulator groups, namely deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin, with 9.33fold and 7.67-fold, respectively. As far as the RR50 level of different insecticides is concerned, among the different insecticides, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin showed maximum resistance, followed by chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide, while emamectin benzoate, spinosad and spinetoram showed highly toxic, i.e., least resistance, against fall armyworm samples collected from different agro-climatic zones of Bihar. On the other hand, the experimental result revealed the composition of bacterial communities present in the larval gut of S. frugiperda and grouped them into each taxonomic category from phyla to species level. Among them, under the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the genera Enterococcus and Klebsiella showed more dominance over other groups of bacteria associated with the different location samples of S. frugiperda. Species-level analyses revealed a total of 33 species of bacteria associated with the gut of S. frugiperda, which were collected from various locations in Bihar, West Bengal, and Jharkhand. Among the 33 species collected from various locations, Enterococcus group species are the most abundant, followed by Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp., with a minor proportion of Raoultella, Citrobacter, Leclercia, and Pantoea genus were also present. As we know, biological control is the most promising and ecofriendly pest management approach in IPM, therefore, an experiment was designed to identify the larval parasitoid of S. frugiperda. The present findings revealed that lab-collected braconid parasitoid was successfully preferred for paralysed, oviposition on the metathoracic sternum of fall armyworm. Furthermore, the mean number of eggs, cocoons, and total braconid wasps emerging were also observed from S. frugiperda larvae. The different morphometric parameters like antennae, total length (mm), length of scape (mm), and width of scape (mm), although measured from single male and female individuals, showed similar trends as previously reported, i.e., the values were numerically higher in males than in females. The habitus photo of the braconid larval parasitoid, as well as the male genitalia, clearly showed its resemblance to the species Bracon (= Habrobracon) hebetor. The molecular characterization also provides strong evidence for the presence of a larval parasitoid, i.e. Bracon hebetor.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mapping of QTLs for grain iron and zinc content in rice
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2022) Singh, Rahul; Singh, S.P.
    Rice is a major cereal crop rich in starch, carbohydrates but deficient in major micronutrients such as iron and zinc content in grains. The population solely depends on rice based food for their calorific supply suffers from malnutrition and several health impairments termed as hidden hunger. A small increase in iron and zinc density in rice variety using plant breeding methods and procedure can be able to improve socio-economic condition of the peoples. Primary and basic step to develop such a miracle variety is to identify and mapping the linked QTLs. Thus present investigation was aimed to map the QTLs linked with grain iron and zinc content in F2 mapping population derived from selfing of true F1 cross made between Samba Mahsuri (female parent) and Sathi (male parent) at Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar. Ten morphological and two qualitative (grain iron and zinc content) data were recorded from each individual plant separately from the F2 mapping population. All the recorded data were subjected to descriptive analysis and correlation analysis. Whereas for genotyping, selective genotyping was used in which a distribution curve were constructed using grain iron and zinc data recorded from 192 F2 population including parents. Of this population selective genotyping were carried out using 47 genotypes from lower tail of distribution and 47 genotypes from upper tail of distribution along with both parents. In total 96 genotypes including parents were used to generate genotypic data using parental polymorphic molecular markers. Both phenotypic (grain iron and zinc content) and genotypic data were subjected to QTL analysis using QTL Cartographer software. The finding of descriptive analysis of present investigation revealed that number of filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant, days to fifty percent flowering, plant height, grain zinc content, number of effective tillers per plant and grain iron content showed range value in their descending order. Positive skewness was recorded for number of effective tillers per plant, grain length-breadth ratio, thousand grain weight, grain zinc content and grain yield per plant. While negative skewness was recorded for days to fifty percent flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain breadth and grain iron content. Number of filled grains per panicle, grain length-breadth ratio, grain zinc and iron content were found to be platykurtic nature of distribution. Significantly and negative correlation were found for grain iron and zinc content with plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of field grains per panicle and grain yield per plant, whereas significantly positive correlation with each other. Grain yield per plant exhibited significantly positive correlation with plant height, number of effective tillers per plant and number of field grains per panicle. Transgressive segregants were observed for grain iron and zinc content in the segregating population. In addition, QTL analysis was carried out using single marker analysis and composite interval mapping. Single marker analysis detected 19 markers linked with grain zinc content from which six markers namely, OSZIP1, RM475, OSZIP3B, RM20, RM141 and RM12 located on the chromosome 1, 2, 4, 12.1, 12.2 and 12.4 showed higher phenotypic variance 11.79%, 19.83%, 8.13%, 12.79%, 15.6% and 15.9% with LOD value 11.79, 20.77, 7.97, 12.87, 15.98 and 16.30, respectively. Similarly, Single marker analysis detected 5 markers linked with grain iron content from which 3 markers RM475, RM320, and RM441 located on the chromosome 2, 7 and 11 and showed phenotypic variance of 7.49%, 5.2% and 6.47% with LOD value 7.32, 5.02 and 6.29, respectively. Composite interval mapping identified one novel QTL for grain zinc content namely qZn2.1 on the chromosome 2 flanked with marker RM301-RM475. QTL qZn2.1 showed phenotypic variance of 8.02% with LOD value 5.14. However, composite interval mapping identified 2 novel QTLs for grain iron content namely qFe2.1 and qFe12 on the chromosome 2 and 12 flanked with marker RM301-RM475 and RM141-RM235, respectively. QTL namely qFe2.1 and qFe12 showed phenotypic variance 28.74% and 34.52% with LOD value 8.79 and 9.1, respectively. Further fine mapping of QTLs in advanced line for grain iron and zinc content may be helpful in improving nutrient density in rice variety using marker assisted selection. Additionally, positive correlation between grain iron and zinc content leads to simultaneous improvement for both the traits.
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    ReportsItemOpen Access
    BAU Annual Report
    (BAU, Sabour, 2022) BAU; Patil, Shridhar; Shambhavi, Shweta; Goswami, Tarak Nath
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    ReportsItemOpen Access
    BAU Annual Report
    (BAU, Sabour, 2022-03) BAU; Beura, Kasturikasen; Aditya; Ganguly, Pritam; Ranjan, Tusar