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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour

Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour established on 5th August, 2010 is a basic and strategic institution supporting more than 500 researchers and educationist towards imparting education at graduate and post graduate level, conducting basic, strategic, applied and adaptive research activities, ensuring effective transfer of technologies and capacity building of farmers and extension personnel. The university has 6 colleges (5 Agriculture and 1 Horticulture) and 12 research stations spread in 3 agro-ecological zones of Bihar. The University also has 21 KVKS established in 20 of the 25 districts falling under the jurisdiction of the University. The degree programmes of the university and its colleges have been accredited by ICAR in 2015-16. The university is also an ISO 9000:2008 certified organisation with International standard operating protocols for maintaining highest standards in teaching, research, extension and training.VisionThe Bihar Agricultural University was established with the objective of improving quality of life of people of state especially famers constituting more than two third of the population. Having set ultimate goal of benefitting society at large, the university intends to achieve it by imparting word-class need based agricultural education, research, extension and public service.

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2017 - 201912020 - 20221
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Subject: Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry × Author: Bihari, Bipin ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Dynamics of micronutrient cations in soil as influenced by long-term integrated nutrient management under rice-wheat cropping system in Typic Haplustept
    (Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Sabour, 2022) Bihari, Bipin; Singh, Yanendra Kumar
    Rice-wheat is one of the most predominant cropping systems in India and covers an area approximately, 10.5m ha. Now, this cropping system is showing signs of stagnation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India due to continuous cropping of this high nutrient exhaustive cereal-cereal based crop sequence, increased use of inorganic fertilizers in an unbalanced manner has created problem of multiple nutrient deficiencies, particularly micronutrients, diminishing soil fertility and sustainable crop yield. Cationic micronutrients are essential elements required by plants in very small quantities for their optimum growth and development. Deficiency of these elements in plants results firstly in decreasing plant resistance to harmful environmental factors, followed by declining yield and quality. Keeping in view the importance and very meagre information available, the present investigation was undertaken on the ongoing long-term experiment entitled “Permanent plot experiment on integrated nutrient supply system in cereal based crop sequence” initiated during 1984 at experimental farm of BAC, Sabour, with the hypothesis that the long-term balanced use of chemical fertilizers along with manure (INM) would maintain/improve the micronutrient chemical pools in soil and support the sustained rice-wheat production in subtropical zone of Bihar. The soil is Typic Haplustept (US Soil Taxonomy, Soil Survey Staff 2003) and clay loam in texture with general initial properties: pH 7.40, organic carbon 4.6 g kg-1, available N 194 kg ha-1, available P2O5 23.6 kg ha-1 and available K2O 155 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications and consisted of the following twelve treatments as : T1 -Control; T2 – 50 % RDF to both rice and wheat; T3 – 50 % RDF to rice and 100 % RDF to wheat; T4 – 75 % RDF to both rice and wheat; T5 - 100% RDF to both rice and wheat, T6 – 50 % RDF+ 50 % N through FYM to rice and 100 % RDF to wheat; T7 – 75 % RDF + 25 % N through FYM to rice and 75 % RDF to wheat; T8 – 50 % RDF + 50% N through wheat straw to rice and 100 % RDF to wheat; T9 – 75 % RDF + 25 % N through WS to rice and 75 % RDF to wheat; T10 – 50 % RDF + 50 % N through GLM to rice and 100 % RDF to wheat; T11 – 75 % RDF + 25 % N through GLM to rice and 75 % RDF to wheat; T12 - Farmer’s fertilizers practice. Surface soil samples taken after the harvest of wheat (rabi, 2019-20) were analysed for pools of micronutrient cations (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) and chemical indicies of soil quality using standard analytical methods. The productivity of rice (kharif, 2019) and wheat (rabi, 2019-20) was recorded and nutrients’ uptakes were worked out. It is evident from the results that all the fractions of iron, manganese, zinc and copper studied were affected significantly by the continuous application of chemical fertilizers and organic nutrient sources as well as cropping for the last thirty-four years. All the fractions were highest in the plots where application of 100 per cent RDF to wheat crop and 50 per cent N substituted through FYM along with 50 per cent NPK through fertilizer to rice (T6). The relative contribution of Fe-I, Fe-II, Fe-III, Fe-IV and Fe-V towards total Fe (Fe-VI) was 0.2-0.3, 0.32-0.38, 2.16-2.58, 9.73-10.80 and 86.41-87.29 per cent, respectively, while that of Mn-I, Mn-II, Mn-III, Mn-IV and Mn-V towards total Mn (Mn-VI) was 0.28-0.46, 0.64-0.74, 3.36-3.95, 7.44-9.64 and 85.32- 87.94 per cent, respectively. Further, the contribution of Zn-I, Zn-II, Zn-III, Zn-IV, Zn-V and Zn-VI towards total Zn (Zn-VII) was 0.59-0.78, 1.64-2.44, 4.37-5.43, 5.80-6.35, 7.57-12.82 and 73.13-79.41 per cent, respectively and that of Cu-I, Cu-II, Cu-III, Cu-IV and Cu-V towards total Cu (Cu-VI) was 1.08-1.54, 2.57-3.95, 8.60-13.87, 9.14-15.08 and 67.09-78.26 per cent, respectively. Highest grain yield as well as straw produce of rice and wheat was observed in T6 followed by T10 and T8. The nutrients’ uptake by both rice and wheat crops followed almost similar trend as that of their yields. In general, 100 per cent RDF to wheat crop with 50 per cent N substituted through FYM along with 50 per cent NPK through fertilizer to rice (T6) resulted in highest uptake values by both the crops than rest of the treatments while a minimum uptake was observed in control plots for both the crops. Continuous application of chemical fertilizers along with organic sources of nutrients in all 50 per cent organics substituted plots caused reduction in the pH over initial value of 7.40. There was significant increase in the value of organic carbon in all the organic substituted plot over initial value as well as over sole inorganic applied plots. Available NPK was also observed higher in all organic substituted plot with maximum in T6 plot while least control plot. There was significant increase in DTPA-Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in organic substituted plots over control and sole inorganics applied plots. All these micronutrients (DTPA extractable) were found to be in highest in plots treated with 100 per cent RDF to wheat crop and 50 per cent N substituted through FYM along with 50 per cent NPK through fertilizer to rice (T6) and minimum in T1 (control). All the fractions of micronutrients cations under studies were negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with OC, CEC, crop yield and uptake. Correlation and step-wise regression indicated that Fe-III and Fe-VI, respectively was the most dominant fraction contributing towards DTPA-Fe, Mn-III was highly and significantly correlated with DTPA-Mn while, step-wise regression indicated that Mn-VI to be most dominant fraction contributing towards DTPA-Mn, DTPA-Zn showed highest positive correlation with Zn-IV, Cu-VI was the most dominant fraction contributing towards DTPA-Cu. Based on the experimental finding it can be concluded that integrated use of inorganics and organics with balanced fertilization for more than three decades in rice-wheat system resulted in significant improvement in the pools of all the micronutrient cations compared to control and sole inorganic plots and was noticeably higher in T6. Among all the pools of micronutrient cations, organically bound and weakly/specifically adsorbed forms were found to play major role in the nutrient supply and crop productivity and nutrients’ uptake. Integrated use of inorganics and organics with balanced fertilization improved the soil quality in a better way by correcting micro and secondary nutrients availabilities. Thus, FYM, wheat straw and green manure addition was found to have synergistic effect on improving the efficiency of optimal doses of NPK.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of farmyard manure and pressmud compost application on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in tomato crop
    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Sabour, 2017-07) Bihari, Bipin; Kumari, Ragini
    Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is one of the most important vegetable crops. It is rich in ascorbic acid, sugar, calcium and vitamins. The marketable yields, and quality factors of vegetables grown under organic and inorganic soil management, indicated a positive response to the various sources of nutrition. Combination of manure and synthetic fertilizer was superior to manure alone for crop productivity and food value in human nutrition. There is little information on responses of tomato to mixes of organic and synthetic fertilizers under subtropical conditions. From the study, it was revealed that highest fruit length and fruit diameter was recorded in the treatment T3 (T0 + 15 MT ha-1 organic manure) which was at par with the treatment T4 (T0 + 20 MT ha-1 organic manure). Whereas, significantly highest fruit yield (863.2 q ha-1) was recorded in the treatment T4 (T0 + 20 MT ha-1 organic manure) which was 31.7% and 21.5% higher over T0 (Recommended dose of fertilizer) and T1 (T0 + 5 MT ha-1 organic manure), respectively. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus was highest in the treatment T4 (T0 + 20 MT ha-1 organic manure) which was 57% and 50% higher over T0 (Recommended dose of fertilizer), respectively. The similar trends were followed in micronutrient concentration in the test crop. The uptake of NPK in fruit and leaf was 53.8%, 67.4%, 33.8% and 130.9%, 121.3%, 74.1% over T0 (Recommended dose of fertilizer) respectively, in the treatment T4 (T0 + 20 MT ha-1 organic manure). In continuation of bio-chemical parameters, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and lycopene content was significantly higher in the treatment T4 and found to increase in 17.7%, 48%, 40.7% over T0, respectively. The incubation study revealed that NH4-N content showed decreasing and NO3-N showed increasing trends whereas available phosphorus and potassium increased from 0 to 30 DAI and then further decreased afterwards up to 120 DAI.