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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour

Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour established on 5th August, 2010 is a basic and strategic institution supporting more than 500 researchers and educationist towards imparting education at graduate and post graduate level, conducting basic, strategic, applied and adaptive research activities, ensuring effective transfer of technologies and capacity building of farmers and extension personnel. The university has 6 colleges (5 Agriculture and 1 Horticulture) and 12 research stations spread in 3 agro-ecological zones of Bihar. The University also has 21 KVKS established in 20 of the 25 districts falling under the jurisdiction of the University. The degree programmes of the university and its colleges have been accredited by ICAR in 2015-16. The university is also an ISO 9000:2008 certified organisation with International standard operating protocols for maintaining highest standards in teaching, research, extension and training.VisionThe Bihar Agricultural University was established with the objective of improving quality of life of people of state especially famers constituting more than two third of the population. Having set ultimate goal of benefitting society at large, the university intends to achieve it by imparting word-class need based agricultural education, research, extension and public service.

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2016 - 201923
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Subject: Plant Breeding × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Combining ability and heterosis in maize (Zea mays L.) crosses under normal and heat stress conditions
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2018-02-06) Rani, Neha; Nirala, Ram Balak Prasad
    The present investigation entitled “Combining ability and heterosis in maize (Zea mays L.) crosses under normal and heat stress conditions” was conducted at Maize Section of Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar (India). Twenty nine maize inbred lines were evaluated in normal (30th January, 2015) and heat stress (3rd March, 2015) conditions in Randomized Complete Block Design with objective to screen the maize inbred lines for heat tolerance on the basis of morphophysiological traits. The 13 SSR markers were used among 29 inbred lines with objective to study of molecular diversity among the inbred lines. During kharif, 2015 seven identified inbred lines i.e. five (CML 307,CML 306, CML 305, CML 411, CML 304) heat stress tolerant and two (CML 164, CML 25) heat stress susceptible were crossed in full diallel for making all possible 42 crosses. These forty two crosses, seven parents and two checks (DHM-117, SHM-2) were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design in normal (2nd January, 2016) and heat stress (15th March, 2016) conditions with objectives to determine general and specific combining ability of inbred lines and crosses, respectively and to estimate heterosis of crosses of inbred lines. Data were recorded on thirteen quantitative characters viz; days to 50 % anthesis, days to 50% silk, pollen viability, anthesis-silking ineterval, cell membrane thermo stability, plant height, ear height, days to 50 % physiological maturity, grain filling period, number of grains per plant, 500-grain weight, shelling per cent, grain yield per plant. The analysis of variance of maize inbred lines for the design of experiment in both the conditions and pooled analysis indicated highly significant mean squares due to genotypes for all the characters except pollen viability per cent in normal condition. In normal condition, the mean performance of inbred lines, namely, CML 308, CML 451, CML306, CML18 and CML 474; in heat stress condition, inbred lines, namely, CML 307, CML306, CML305, CML 411 and CML 304; and in pooled analysis inbred lines, namely, CML 307, CML306, CML 411, CML 304 and CML 305 were found to be top five rankers of grain yield per plant. The five inbred lines, namely, CML 307, CML 305, CML 306, CML 411 and CML 304 were categorized top five heat tolerant inbred lines due to their higher YSI and lower ASI values. Similarly, two inbred lines, namely, CML 164 and CML 25 were categorized highly heat susceptible inbred lines due to their lower YSI and higher ASI values. Level of polymorphism was found to be 100 per cent among the inbred lines for almost all the primers pairs except for phi062. The polymorphic information content value for the primer pairs ranged from 0.067 to 0.499. The inbred lines were characterized into two cluster ie I and II. The further cluster I was divided into two sub cluster i.e. cluster Ia and cluster Ib. Cluster Ia had five inbred lines whereas, cluster Ib had three lines. Cluster II had the highest number of twenty parents. The minimum Jaccard’s similarity co-efficient value was found between G9 and G23, whereas, on the other hand, the maximum Jaccard’s similarity co-efficient value was found between G2 and G3.The seven selected inbred lines [CML 164 (P1), CML 411 (P2), CML 305 (P3), CML 304 (P4), CML 25 (P5), CML 306 (P6) & CML 307 (P7)] on the basis YSI, were found to be genetically distinct among them. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean squares due to genotypes (seven parents and their 42 cross combinations and two checks) were found to be highly significant in both the conditions and pooled analysis for all the characters studied. In normal condition, the mean performance, crosses, namely, P4 x P1, P2 x P3, P1 x P2 and P2 x P1 ; in heat stress condition, crosses, namely, P4 x P1 and P2 x P7 ; and in pooled analysis, crosses P4 x P1 and P2 x P7 were found to be top rankers for grain yield per plant in comparison to the better check, SHM-2. The analysis of variance for combining ability, in both the normal and heat stress conditions, revealed highly significant mean squares due to general combining ability(GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal combining ability (RSCA) for all the characters studied except due to reciprocal combining ability for anthesis-silking interval in normal condition. The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant mean squares due to general combining ability, specific combining ability, reciprocal combining ability, environments, GCA x environments, SCA x environments, reciprocal x environment for all the characters studied, except due to GCA x environments for anthesis-silking interval and due to reciprocal x environment for 500-seed weight. Estimates of components of variance for thirteen characters revealed that variance due to SCA was more than variance due to GCA and reciprocal for all the characters studied in both the conditions. The pooled analysis revealed that variance due to GCA was more than variance due to SCA and reciprocal for the characters viz., days to 50% silk, pollen viability, anthesis-silking interval, cell membrane thermo stability, days to 50 per cent physiological maturity, grain filling period, grains per plant, 500-seed weight and shelling percentage. Variance due to SCA was more than variance due to GCA and reciprocal for the characters, namely, days to 50 % anthesis, plant height, ear height, grain yield per plant. Parents CML 411 was found to be good general combiner for grain yield per plant in both the normal and heat stress conditions and in pooled analysis, whereas, CML 306, CML 164, CML 307 were considered as good general combiners in heat stress condition, while CML 164 and CML 304 were found to be average general combiners in normal condition and pooled analysis. Similarly, CML 306 and CML 307 were found to be average general combiners in pooled analysis for grain yield. In normal condition, crosses, namely, P1 x P4, P2 x P3, P1 x P2, P6 x P7 and P5 x P7; in heat stress, crosses, namely, P2 x P7, P1 x P7, P4 x P6, P3 x P6 and P1 x P4 ; and In pooled analysis crosses, namely, P1 x P4, P2 x P7, P2 x P3, P5 x P7 and P1 x P7 were found to be top five good specific combinations for grain yield per plant. Reciprocal specific combinations, in normal condition, crosses, namely, P4 x P1, P3 x P2 and P6 x P2; in heat stress condition, crosses, namely, P4 x P1, P4 x P2, P6 x P2, and P5 x P4 ; and in pooled analysis, crosses, namely, P4 x P1 and P3 x P2 were found to be top combinations good for grain yield per plant. Standard heterotic combinations, in normal condition, crosses namely, P2 x P3 and P1 x P2; and in heat stress condition and in pooled analysis, cross P2 x P7 were found to be significantly top two for grain yield per plant. The best experimental hybrid was identified on the basis of SCA/RSCA, GCA, mean performance and standard heterosis for grain yield in different situations. The experimental hybrid, CML 411 x CML 305 was identified as the promising hybrids for normal condition, whereas, the experimental hybrid, CML 411 x CML 307 was identified for heat stress condition and the experimental hybrid CML 411 x CML 307 was identified as the promising hybrids over the environment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of Combining Ability and Yield Stability Analysis in Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.)
    (Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2019-02-02) Kumari, Hemlata; Singh, P. K.
    The present investigation entitled “Study of Combining Ability and Yield Stability Analysis in Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted during rabi 2016-17, kharif 2017 and rabi 2017-18. Six parents were crossed in diallel fashion including reciprocal during rabi, 2016-17 at farm of Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar (India). The 38 genotypes (06 parents, 30 F1's and 2 checks) were evaluated in six environments during kharif 2017 and rabi 2017-18, at three different farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur), namely , Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour; Bhola Paswan Shashtri College of Agriculture College, Purnea and Pulse Research Centre, Mokama with objectives to study inter-relationship of component character with grain yield and among themselves, to estimate the general and specific combining ability of inbred lines and crosses, respectively and to study the G x E interaction and stability parameter of crosses. Data were recorded for twelve quantitative characters such as days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk , anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, days to 75 per cent maturity, number of grain per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein per cent in kernel, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in kernel protein and grain yield per plant. The pooled analysis of variances for the design of experiment revealed that, the mean squares due to genotype and environment were highly significant for all the characters. Similarly, mean squares due to genotype x environment was also found to be highly significant for all the characters except, protein, lysine and tryptophan. The mean performance, crosses, namely, CML 167 x CML 161, CML 161x CML167, CML 167 x VL1037, VL1056 x CML 167 and CML 167 x VL1056 were found to be top rankers for grain yield per plant in comparison to the better check, Shaktiman-4. Pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) for the characters viz., days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk, plant height, ear height, number of grain per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein per cent in kernel, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in protein and grain yield per plant were highly significant except anthesis-silking interval and days to75per cent maturity was found to be non-significant. The mean squares due to specific combining ability were highly significant for the characters, namely, days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk, plant height, ear height, days to 75 per cent maturity , number of grains per plant, 1000 - grain weight, protein per cent in kernel, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in kernel protein and grain yield per plant except anthesis-silking interval was found to be non-significant. mean squares due to reciprocal specific combining ability (RSCA) for the characters viz., days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk, plant height, ear height, number of grain per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein per cent in kernel protein, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in kernel protein and grain yield per plant were highly significant except anthesis-silking interval and days to75 per cent maturity was found to be non-significant. Estimates of components of variance for twelve characters revealed that variance due to SCA was more than variance due to GCA for the characters viz., days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, days to 75 per cent maturity, number of grain per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein per cent in kernel, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in kernel protein and grain yield per plant. Parent CML 167 was found to be good general combiner for grain yield per plant. Crosses, namely, CML 161 x CML 167, CML 167 x VL 1056, CML 171 x VL 1037, CML 161 x CML 193 and CML 193 x VL 1037 were found to be top five good specific combinations for grain yield per plant. Reciprocal specific combinations, VL 1037 x CML 167, VL 1056 x CML 171, VL 1056 x CML 161, VL 1037 x CML 161 and CML 171 x CML 161 were found to be top combinations good for grain yield per plant. The best hybrid CML 161 x CML 171 and CML 161 x VL 1037 was identified on the basis of SCA/RSCA, GCA, mean performance and stability for grain yield across the environment. So, the experimental hybrid, CML 161 x CML 171 was identified as the promising hybrids for grain yield per plant and VL 1037 x VL 1056 for quality parameter across the environment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Marker assisted backcross breeding for submergence tolerance in rice variety Rajendra Sweta
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2019-02-02) Smriti, Smriti; Singh, S.P.
    Submergence stress regularly affects rice crop in major parts of eastern India comprising Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Chhattisgarh and eastern Uttar Pradesh. Out of 42 biotic and abiotic stresses that prevail in rainfed lowland rice areas of eastern India, submergence stress is the third most important limitation to rice production. A major QTL mapped on chromosome 9, designated as sub1, has provided the scope to apply marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) to develop submergence tolerant varieties suitable to be grown in these regions. Developing rice cultivars with tolerance of submergence and with agronomic and quality traits acceptable to farmers is a feasible approach to address this problem. In the present study, BC2F1 generation was developed between a submergence tolerant donor, Swarna-Sub1and the widely grown recurrent parent, Rajendra Sweta. A parental polymorphism survey between these two parents revealed 46 polymorphic SSR loci covering all the chromosomes of rice genome. Foreground selection was done in each generation for the confirmation of Sub1 QTL. Molecular markers that were tightly linked to Sub1, flanking Sub1 and unlinked to Sub1 were used to apply foreground, recombinant and background selection, respectively, in BC2F1 generation. Out of 91 plants, 50 plants were found positive in foreground selection using Indel primer Sub1bc2. Recombinant selection was done on these 50 heterozygous plants with RM219. Out of these 50 individuals, five recombinants were selected namely, BC2F1-4,BC2F1-28,BC2F1-37,BC2F1-43 andBC2F1-79. Background selection was carried out on these five recombinants with 46 SSR markers. Recipient allele frequency was calculated for these five recombinants which ranged from 51.1% to 78.2%. In BC2F1 generation, maximum recipient parent recovery obtained was 78.2% for individual BC2F1-79. Screening for submergence tolerance revealed that the recombinants were able to survive complete submergence for 14 days and were also able to recover faster upon de-submergence. Higher ADH enzyme activity was observed in donor as well as recombinants during submergence. Similarly, higher concentration of carbohydrate before submergence and its slower depletion during submergence was observed in all the recombinants. Chlorophyll content was found greater in the recombinants than the recipient parent Rajendra Sweta.Morphological observations (days to flowering, plant height, tiller number, flag leaf length, panicle length, number of grains per panicle and grain yield per plant) under stress condition revealed that for all the traits Sub1’s were similar to or better than Rajendra Sweta. The newly improved rice line, BC2F1-79 containing Sub1and showing highest recovery may further be utilized in backcross breeding program to improve its recovery percentage and the similar strategy can be followed to introgress other QTLs for biotic and abiotic resistance into the high yielding varieties.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Stability analysis for grain yield and quality traits in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2018-08-29) Mishra, Amit Kumar; Singh, P. K.
    The present study was undertaken with the objective to determine the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, degree of association among yield and quality traits, direct and indirect effects, genetic diversity on the basis of morphological and molecular level, phenotypic stability among 36 advance indica rice lines including 3 checks for 21 yield and quality attributes. The trials were conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications and 4 environments (including control and reproductive stage drought stress conditions) during kharif 2014 and kharif 2015. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences for the majority of traits studied except few quality traits which indicated the significant differences among these rice lines. In congruence with the previous reports, phenotypic variance (VP) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) were higher than the genotypic variance (VG) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) subsequently which indicated the influence of environment on the development of the characters. Moderate values (10-20) of GCV and PCV was observed for some traits hence; selection for these traits may be ambiguous if we adopted for its improvement. The higher magnitude of GCV was observed for number of spikelets per panicle, kernel elongation ratio and head rice recovery while maximum PCV was observed for number of spikelets per panicle, harvest index and number of tillers per plant. High heritability along with higher magnitude of genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for the traits namely; number of spikelets per panicle, head rice recovery and kernel elongation ratio which revealed the preponderance of additive gene action in the inheritance and these traits could be improved through direct selection as GCV is also comparatively high for such traits. Positive or negative significant association with higher positive or negative direct effect were observed for the traits viz; plant height, biological yield per plant and harvest index which indicated the effectiveness of these traits for utilization in future rice breeding programmes. Genetic divergence among rice lines showed sufficient amount of genetic diversity hence, crossing among the divergent lines grouped in different clusters would produce superior hybrids and valuable transgressive segregants with higher genetic advance. The molecular diversity also validated the morphological differences among these rice lines and higher PIC values of the markers indicated their utility in explaining the genetic diversity. In case of phenotypic stability on the basis of stability parameters for grain yield per plant, IR 92521-24-5-1-3 was found stable line across all the environments and had maximum grain yield per plant, earliest in days to 50% flowering, better maturity duration, maximum number of spikelets per panicle, good head rice recovery, moderate L/B ratio and it also performed better than all three checks therefore, such line can be recommend to farmers or variety release proposal. Rice line IR 92545-53-4-1-3 was identified for unfavourable or poor environment while IR 92546-17-6-4-3 and IR 92546-17-6-4-4 lines was identified for rich or favourable environment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Marker assisted introgression of a major QTL (qDTY1.1) for grain yield under drought at reproductive stage in Oryza sativa L. cv. Sita
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2019-02-11) Kumar, Rishav; Singh, P. K.
    Rice is the second largest crop in the world in terms of area and production which is grown in all the continents except Antartica. It is the primary source of food, nutrients, energy and provides employment to more than 3.5 billion people. But being one of the staple food crops, it is also affected by biotic and abiotic stress. With the change in environmental condition, drought is emerging as one of the major threats to rice. As per India Meteorological Department, there was an early departure of monsoon in 2018 which resulted in failure of Hathiya Nakshtra, causing drought coincide with the reproductive stage. Last but not the least is the susceptibility of most of the mega varieties of rice like Sita during reproductive stage. Hence, there is need to improve such varieties which can cope up such harsh period. Previously, conventional methods were used for improvement of crop variety but it takes a lot of time. With the advancement in the field of molecular biology, MAS acts as a milestone in this field. Now with the discovery of QTLs efficiency of MABB has surpassed the conventional breeding. With this view, marker assisted introgression of a major QTL (qDTY1.1) for grain yield under drought at reproductive stage in Oryza sativa L. cv. Sita has been taken under consideration. To incorporate drought tolerance, the variety ‘Sita’ was introgressed with QTL qDTY1.1 from Nagina-22. The present research work started from Kharif 2015 and Sita and Nagina-22 were sown for availability of pollens. Twenty five F1 plants obtained were sown in Kharif 2016 and validated with RM431 which identified ten heterozygous plants were identified on which further backcrossing was done with Sita to obtain sixty seven BC2F1 plants that were sown in Kharif 2017 and validated with RM431. A total of sixty seven heterozygous plants were obtained which were again backcrossed with Sita to produce 179 BC2F1 plants. Through foreground selected marker RM431 identified 98 plants which were found heterozygous. The selected plants were subjected to recombinant selection with RM3825 and RM12091. RM3825 identified three plants (plant number 23, 65, 94) sowing band size similar to Sita (130 bp), while through RM12091 a total of six recombinant plants were identified (plant number 23, 63, 65, 94, 97 and 119). Three plants were common when checked with both the recombinant markers. So, six recombinant plants (plant number 23, 63, 65, 94, 97, 119) were selected for carrying out background selection with 49 polymorphic markers. Recipient allele percentage ranged from 69.38 to 79.59%. Plant number 119 showed maximum background recovery (79.59%) followed by plant number 94, 97, 65 and 23 with 77.55%, 75.51%, 74.48%, 73.46% recovery respectively. Plant number 63 exhibited minimum recovery (69.38%). Morphological observations (days to anthesis, plant height, panicle length, number of panicles, grains per panicle and grain yield per plant) were taken during drought and it was found that recombinants obtained were superior with respect to recurrent parent Sita for all the characters. Biochemical observations (proline content, relative water content and total chlorophyll content) also revealed that recombinants were superior with respect to recurrent parent. On the basis of molecular, morphological and biochemical observations the plant number 119 should be carried forward for further backcrossing to improve its recipient allele percentage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of Genetic Diversity and Stability in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2019-07-04) . Kumar, Sudhir; De, Nitish
    Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop globally. The present study was aimed at the phenotypic assessment of 51 groundnut genotypes and five control varieties for yield, oil and related traits under irrigated and post flowering drought stress conditions. These genotypes were evaluated under ten environments for seventeen traits. Experimental material was evaluated at two distinct locations, one at ICRISAT Patancheru, Hyderabad and at Bihar Agricultural University (BAU) Sabour. At ICRISAT the experiment were conducted during Kharif, 2015, Rabi 2015-16, Kharif 2016, Rabi 2016-17. At BAU Sabour the experiment was conducted during summer 2016. ICGV 13097, ICGV 13098 and ICGV 13100 showed higher pod yield per plot (kg/ha) with higher oil content and good buffering capacity. These genotypes for their specific performance can be utilized as cultivar for reference environments to harvest maximum pod yield with higher oil content. For nutritional quality traits like oleic acid content and O/L ratio, ICGV 13099, ICGV 13103, 13115, ICGV 13117, ICGV 15321, ICGV 15323, ICGV 15325, ICGV 15333 and ICGV 15339 had good buffering capacity with higher mean than population mean. These genotypes will be used for the quality oil production with international acceptance. In present investigation, there were heavy losses of pod yield in post flowering moisture stress conditions. Pooled mean yield (kg/ha) was higher in irrigated condition than rainfed condition and a loss of more than 29 per cent in stress conditions than in rainfed conditions for yield. ICGV 15314 had highest drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) with pod yield 2725 kg/ha in irrigated and 2242 kg/ha in rainfed conditions. Five best drought tolerant genotypes were ICGV 15314, ICGV 15321, ICGV 15325, ICGV 15331 and ICGV 15315. The higher yield level was due to higher number of branches/plant, higher number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, 100 seed weight and shelling percentage and which are most important and key traits for stability of pod yield and these traits could be successfully employed for realization of higher productivity and ensures the possibility of predicting the performance of genotypes for higher productivity in groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] using RAPD and ISSR markers for developing crop improvement strategies
    (Department of Horticulture (Olericulture), BAU, Sabour, 2019-05-21) Kumar, Rajesh; Kumar, Randhir
    Among the all cultivated cucurbitaceous vegetables, bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) with chromosome no. 2n = 22, is an annual monoecious crop synonymously called as calabash gourd. For the above investigation twenty-four genotypes collected from various states adjoining Bihar including breeding lines developed, collected and maintained at department. The genotypes of bottle gourd laid out in statistical design named Randomized Block Design with 3 replications in spring summer season of 2014 and 2015, respectively to examine the magnitude of variability and genetic diversity for several traits horticultural importance. In morphological study genotypes performed significantly in all traits studied, however BRBG-65 (591.10 q/ha) was proved to be high yielder with supporting traits like yield of marketable fruits/plant (15.19 kg) and no. of fruits/vine (14.85) in pooled analysis of both season than compare to the all three check varieties used in past study. Traits like fruit length, fruit circumference, no. of fruits per vine, yield of marketable fruits/vine, no. of seeds/fruit and fruit yield/hectare exhibited high GCV and PCV. Almost all the traits under study shown high percentage of heritability with maximum genetic advancement percentage for the traits like fruit length, fruit circumference, average fruit weight, no. of fruits/vine, yield of marketable fruits/vine, no. of seeds/fruit and yield per hectare. Traits like average fruit weight, no. of fruits plant and yield of marketable fruits/vine shown strong character association with fruit yield/hectare. Based on D2 values, twenty-four genotypes were classified amongst five clusters which indicated a large genetic diversity. Cluster II produced maximum no. (11) of genotypes followed closely by cluster I (8), whereas cluster V was proved to be mono-genotypic. Fruit length has given maximum contribution for total divergence. In the molecular study, average polymorphism percentage was obtained by RAPD pattern was studied by using 10 random primers. Total 58 reproducible amplicons were generated by 10 RAPD primers, of an average around 5.8 amplicon per primer. The value corresponding average polymorphic information content was 0.58 and ranged from 0.43 to 0.81. The major allele frequency was ranged from 0.33 to 0.73 with the average of 0.57. The major genetic diversity was ranged from 0.30 to 0.59 with the average of 0.41. ISSR pattern was studied by using 7 primers. Total 48 reproducible amplicons were generated by 7 ISSR primers of an average around 6.85 amplicon per primer. The value of average polymorphic information content was 0.56 and ranged from 0.29 to 0.76. The major allele frequency was ranged from 0.39 to 0.80 with the average of 0.59. The major gene diversity was ranged from 0.20 to 0.71 with the average of 0.44. Wide range of value regarding Jaccard’s similarity coefficient in RAPD markers (0.46 to 0.86), ISSR markers (0.37 to 0.910) and in combination (0.50 to 0.80). The dendrogram concluded relative magnitude of resemblance also amongst different clusters formed. Dendrogram and similarity matrix produced from both the markers RAPD and ISSR data then compared and concluded similar but not genetically identical phylo-genetic relationships, when RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD combination with ISSR derived dendrograms were compared, the discrimination among genotypes within these clusters was more effective with the combined analysis. Most genotypes studied in the present experiment differed with their geographic origin. The promising lines collected from different source were classified amongst different clusters and sub clusters. The genotype BRBG 65 was extremely diverse from other genotypes and the genotype BRBG 11-1 was genetically similar to BRBG 52 and BRBG 12-3. The investigation highlights the potential utilization of these germplasm for future breeding programmes.The genotypes of more divergent cluster may be utilized in breeding programme for developing high yielding varieties and F1 hybrids with desirable quantitative traits. The most promising genotype BRBG 65 may be recommended for commercial cultivation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Divergence in Pointed Gourd for Antioxidant, Nutritional and Postharvest Quality
    (Department of Horticulture ( Veg. & Flor.), BAU, Sabour, 2019-05-03) Ahmad, Mukhtar; Verma, R.B
    An experiment was conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Vegetable Research farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur) to study the existing genetic variability and to assess the genetic diversity among twenty-five genotypes of pointed gourd. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the twenty-two characters studied. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for total flavonoids (77.38 %) chlorophyll ‘b’ (72.85 %), total phenols (71.14 %), titratable acidity (57.45 %), number of marketable fruits per plant (53.52 %), yield of marketable fruits per plant (47.26 %), CUPRAC (46.58 %), carotenoids (40.11 %), number of primary branches per plant (38.95 %), chlorophyll ‘a’ (38.68 %), node number at which first female flower appears (37.58 %), average fruit weight (28.00 %) and fruit length (22.31 %). Correlation analysis revealed that the yield of marketable fruits per plant was significantly and positively correlated with fruit length (0.23), number of marketable fruits per plant (0.82) and titratable acidity (0.23). Path analysis further revealed that the number of marketable fruits per plant (0.8569), average fruit weight (0.3261), total phenol (0.1978), days to last fruit harvest (0.1709) and chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.1145) had positive direct effect on yield of marketable fruits per plant. Genetic diversity study grouped all the genotypes into six clusters and revealed that there was presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity in the materials for different yield and yield attributing traits. The cluster I contained the maximum of 8 genotypes followed by 6 genotypes in cluster II and V, three genotypes in cluster IV, and only one (mono-genotypic) in cluster III and VI, respectively. The highest intra-cluster distance was exhibited by cluster V (289.96) followed by cluster IV (187.57), II (159.29) and I (105.68). The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and V (766.29) followed by cluster IV and VI (758.47) and cluster V and VI (681.39). The above results indicated that these genotypes had maximum genetic diversity and useful for developing potential genotypes through selection for high yield coupled with desirable traits. The genotypes of cluster V showed the highest mean values for yield of marketable fruits per plant (3.96 kg) and titratable acidity (0.43 %) and the lowest mean value for days to first fruit harvest (153.94). The cluster VI exhibited highest mean value for average chlorophyll ‘a’ (24.13 mg/100g), chlorophyll ‘b’ (19.48 mg/100g), carotenoids (0.012 mg/100g), TSS (Total Soluble Solids) (3.42 0Brix) and free radical scavenging activity (52.57 %) while, the cluster IV exhibited highest mean value for fruit breadth (3.41 cm), number of marketable fruits per plant (119.50) and total sugar (1.56 %). The cluster III exhibited highest mean value for fruit length (8.16 cm), number of primary branches per plant (7.67), days to last fruit harvest (172.00), carotenoids (0.012 mg/100g) and total flavonoids (1.19 mg/100g) while, the cluster II exhibited highest mean value for ascorbic acid (28.03 mg/100g), total phenol (1.06 mg/100g), dietary fibre (5.40 mg/100g), CUPRAC (Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) (2.27 %) and lowest mean value for node number at which first female flower appears (12.68). The promising genotypes viz; BRPG 13-30, BRPG 12-1, BRPG 12-8, BRPG 12-9, BRPG 12-7, BRPG 12-11 and Rajendra Parwal-1 were identified from cluster V and III on the basis of mean values for yield of marketable fruits per plant, number of primary branches per plant, days to last fruit harvest, fruit length, carotenoids, total flavonoids, titratable acidity and days to first fruit harvest for early maturity which could be utilized for the selection and development of high yielding genotypes. Among the twenty-two traits studied, maximum contribution was made by average fruit weight (49.33%) followed by yield of marketable fruits per plant (23.00%), number of marketable fruits per plant (15.00%), chlorophyll ‘b’ (5.67%) and total phenol (2.67%). Therefore, these characters may be given importance during selection and varietal development programme. Among the chemical treatment for reducing the post-harvest losses, Carnauba wax 1.0 % was found most effective for controlling low PLW (Physiological loss in weight), low TSS (Total Soluble Solids), high Chlorophyll and low carotenoids in almost all the genotypes except BRPG 12-7 in which BAP @ 200 ppm treatment was found to be the most effective. However, BRPG 12-9 was found promising among all genotypes for overall post- harvest treatments applied.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Rice Genotype (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2018-06) Kumari, Shikha; Sinha, Sima
    The present investigation was carried out to study “Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)” in thirty five genotypes including three checks (Prabhat, MTU1010, Rajendra sweta) during Kharif 2017 at Rice research farm Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, (Bhagalpur). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under study which indicated that considerable amount of variability were present in the genotypes included in the study. Hence, there is an ample scope for inclusion of promising genotypes in breeding programme for yield and its component characters. On the basis of mean performance the genotypes viz, LPD104-B-B-1-8-2-1-1, RP5124-11-6-2 were identified as the superior genotypes for yield and yield attributing traits .The higher magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for L/B ratio while, higher phenotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for grain yield per plant followed by kernel length suggested the presence of sufficient variability in genotypes which broaden the scope for genetic improvement through selection of these characters. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as % mean was observed for kernel length ,L/B ratio which suggested that these characters can be considered as favourable attributes for the improvement through selection and this may be due to presence of additive genes effect and thus, could be improved upon by adapting selection without progeny testing. Grain yield per plant showed positive and significant association with biological yield per plant, days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, while remaining characters showed non-significant association. Therefore, it is suggested that these traits should be used as selection criteria for yield improvement in rice genotypes. Path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield per plant; harvest index and kernel length had high positive direct effects on grain yield per plant indicating true relationship of these characters with grain yield and direct selection. On the basis of Mahalanobis’s D² statistics, the genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster III and and IV followed by cluster IV and VI and cluster IV and V ,which indicated maximum diversity between the genotypes of these clusters might be used in multiple crossing programme to recover transgressive segregants. Considering the genetic divergence and mean performance of genotypes for grain yield and other yield contributing characters, NDR9718 and BADSHAHBHOG-SBR-4 may be considered as divergent genotypes and hybridization involving these genotypes is likely to give desirable transgressive segregants for yield and yield contributing traits.