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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour established on 5th August, 2010 is a basic and strategic institution supporting more than 500 researchers and educationist towards imparting education at graduate and post graduate level, conducting basic, strategic, applied and adaptive research activities, ensuring effective transfer of technologies and capacity building of farmers and extension personnel. The university has 6 colleges (5 Agriculture and 1 Horticulture) and 12 research stations spread in 3 agro-ecological zones of Bihar. The University also has 21 KVKS established in 20 of the 25 districts falling under the jurisdiction of the University. The degree programmes of the university and its colleges have been accredited by ICAR in 2015-16. The university is also an ISO 9000:2008 certified organisation with International standard operating protocols for maintaining highest standards in teaching, research, extension and training.VisionThe Bihar Agricultural University was established with the objective of improving quality of life of people of state especially famers constituting more than two third of the population. Having set ultimate goal of benefitting society at large, the university intends to achieve it by imparting word-class need based agricultural education, research, extension and public service.
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ThesisItem Open Access Selection of parents for yield improvement in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under irrigated condition(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2017-08) Kumari, Shweta; Nirala, R.B.P.Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) commonly known as flax having 2n = 30 chromosomes is a self pollinated crop that belongs to the family Linaceae. It is cultivated mainly for its seed oil and its high quality stem fibre. Linseed oil is the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids which has been functionally associated with numerous positive health claims in human and animal. Inspite of all these nutritional value, Linseed is always neglected due to its poor yield and non-availability of improved cultivars which is one of the limiting factors of its popularity. Therefore , a study was undertaken for evaluation of the 31 linseed genotypes collected from AICRP, linseed, Sabour and PC Unit, linseed Kanpur, including two checks, T-397 and Shekhar. The genotypes were grown in randomized complete block design with three replications during Rabi 2015-16 at Bihar Agricultural college farm, BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur to select parents for yield improvement in linseed. The analysis of variances for design of experiment revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the 20 characters studied. The characters namely, number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, bud fly infestation, 1000-seed weight, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index, stearic acid and linoleic acid exhibited high GCV, PCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Correlation studies showed a significant and positive correlation between seed yield per plant and number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight, seed length and biological yield per plant while bud fly infestation was significant and negatively correlated with seed yield per plant. A non significant correlation between oil and fatty acids were found in biochemical study. While, a significant and positive correlation between palmitic acid and stearic acid and negative correlation between stearic and linoleic acid and between oleic acid and linolenic acid were found in present study. Path analysis indicated that bud fly infestation exhibited high and negative direct effect on seed yield per plant. While, number of seeds per capsule and 1000-seed weight showed moderate direct effects on seed yield per plant. Indirect effects of number seeds per capsule, seed length, 1000-seed weight and biological yield per plant on seed yield per plant via bud fly infestation were recorded moderate to high. On the other hand, all the fatty acid namely, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid showed high and negative direct effect on oil content except palmitic acid which showed positive and low direct effect. The indirect effect of individual fatty acid via other fatty acids on oil content was recorded moderate to very high. On the basis of D² analysis, 31 genotypes were grouped into 6 divergent clusters. Cluster I was the biggest with 12 genotypes followed by cluster II and cluster V. Inter cluster D2 value was the highest between cluster II and VI followed by V and VI. Molecular diversity analysis was also done with 20 SSR primers. Out of 20 primers, 15 primers were found polymorphic, 3 monomorphic and other two gave non scorable band. The PIC value of SSR primers ranged from 0.1-0.447 with an average of 0.245. However, the similarity coefficient ranged from 0.5 to 0.9. Among the 31 genotypes, the lowest similarity coefficient was observed between GS-202 and Neelum (0.50) followed by the pair EC-1424 and H-40 (0.51) indicating their distant relationship and the highest between Meera and EC-537911 (0.90) indicating presence of a common ancestry. Based on the D2 values, clusters mean and means of the genotypes, nineteen genotypes were selected and their possible cross combinations namely, EC-1424 with BRLS -101, BRLS-102, BRLS-103 for oil & oil quality and EC-1424 with Parvati, EC537911A and Neelum for seed yield and its attributing characters were identified to obtain better segregants in linseed breeding programme.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and combining ability for yield and its attributes in rabi maize (Zea mays L.)(Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2017-07) Kumar, Pawan; Mandal, S. S.The objective of the present investigation was to examine combining ability and extent of heterosis for yield and its attributes in rabi maize (Zea mays L.). Crosses were made involving 10 lines and 3 testers in kharif, 2015 for this study. Crosses along with parents and checks were evaluated in the field of maize section, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in RBD with two replications during rabi, 2015-16. The experimental material consisted of 30 F1’s,10 lines, 3 testers and two checks, namely DHM-117 and DKC-9081. Data were recorded on 14 quantitative characters. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that both additive and non-additive gene actions were responsible for the inheritance for all the characters under study. The SCA variance component was observed to be higher than the respective GCA variance component for all the traits except cob length, number of kernels per row and harvest index, which indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene action for inheritance of most of the traits. The estimates of GCA effect for grain yield revealed that among the lines, L1, L2, L7 and among testers, T2 were identified as best general combiner for grain yield and its contributing characters. These may be used as parents in multiple hybridization programme in order to pool all favourable alleles distributed among different parents for isolation of improved inbreds. On the basis of mean performance, SCA effects, standard heterosis for yield and its attributing traits crosses namely L7 x T3, L6 x T2, L2 x T3 and L2 x T2 were identified as high grain yielder, needed to be tested on large scale multi-location trial and farmers’field before its commercial utilization.ThesisItem Open Access Identification of aromatic, semi-dwarf and Photo insensitive segregants of rice through Marker assisted selection(Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, BAU, Sabour Year: 2017, 2017-07) Bharti, Sundaram; Singh, P. K.Rice is the most staple food grain crop of India. Growing rice is an inevitable part in more than half of the world population who depends on it as their staple food. Rice consumers all over the world have strong preferences for the aromatic rice, it commands premium price in national as well as international market, have superior nutritional value and better amino acid profiles. The aroma is mainly due to accumulation of a compound, 2-acetyl-pyrroline (2AP), the main aromatic compound for popcorn like fragrance in all aromatic rice. Katarni rice is a famous aromatic landrace of Bihar having a problem of lodging and photosensitivity resulting in its low productivity and restricted cultivation. Marker assisted selection was employed to select semi-dwarf and aromatic progenies in the BC1F2 and F3 population in a cross of Katarni with a rice variety Rajendra Sweta which was used as donar parent for photo insensitivity and semi-dwarf trait. 51 plants selected on the basis of 1.7% KOH sensory test for aroma in BC1F2 population whereas 31 plants were selected in F3 population. 50 plants selected on the basis of PCR amplification of badh2 gene specific primer in BC1F2 population whereas 25 plants in F3 population. Finally 49 plants of BC1F2 and 25 plants of F3 population selected on the basis of foreground selection of badh2 & sd1. Aroma is the monogenic recessive to non-aromatic .The segregation ratio of non-aromatic to aromatic plants was 3:1 F2 plants confirming the monogenic inheritance of aroma. The selected plants will be further evaluated in next generation for homozygous plant for earliness and semi-dwarf trait.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2017-07) Mahto, Mukesh; Jha, Vidya BhushanThe present research work was conducted at research farm area of Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural college, Purnea with the objectives to examine variability, association of characters with grain yield, morphological and molecular diversity. The experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2016 in randomized block design with 3 replications, consisting of 34 rice genotypes including two checks, namely Sita and Rajendra Mahsuri1. The observations were recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of effective tillers/plant, panicle length (cm), flag leaf length (cm), number of spikelets /panicle, number of fertile grains/panicle, biological yield/plant(g), grain yield/plant(g), 1000 grain weight (g), harvest index(%). Significant treatment differences were found for all the characters under study. Moderate estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were found for plant height, effective number of tillers/plant, flag leaf length, number of spikelets/panicle, number of fertile grains/ panicle, 1000grain weight, grain yield/plant and biological yield/plant. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was exhibited by number of spikelets/panicle and number of fertile grains/panicle thus, selection for these traits will be rewarding. Effective tillers/plant, biological yield/plant, spikelets/panicle, fertile grains/panicle, harvest index were found to be significantly and strong positively correlated with grain yield while plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, panicle length and flag leaf length showed negative correlation with grain yield. Biological yield/plant and harvest index exhibited high direct effect on grain yield. Diversity analysis on the basis of morphological parameters grouped the thirty four genotypes into six clusters with maximum number of genotypes in cluster I followed by cluster II. Highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster III and V followed by cluster I and III and cluster V and VI. All the genotypes were subjected to allelic diversity analysis through 8 trait linked SSR markers. Among the SSR markers, RM 5, RM 1, RM 552, RM 11, RM 154, RM 517 and RM 263 generated maximum five alleles. Maximum polymorphism information content value was found in RM 25. .ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Diversity in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Normal and Late sown conditions(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2017-07) Agrawal, Tajashwini; Kumar, AnandChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a member of Fabaceae family, is one of the most important rabi pulse crops in India contributing 20% to the pulse production in world. The present investigation was carried out in 2016-17 (rabi season) in the area specified to pulse section in Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur) in order to screen 36 chickpea genotypes including 4 checks (PG-186, GCP 105, KWR 108, BG 372) for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance using 16 quantitative traits under late and normal sown conditions. Also, correlation between yield and component traits and their direct and indirect effects were studied. In order to identify high yielding suitable parents for future breeding programme, genetic diversity analysis using Mahalanobis D2 statistics and SSR markers was performed. Significant treatment differences were found for most of the characters under study. For most of the traits, phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV %) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV %). Highest PCV % and GCV % were noted for grain yield per plant followed by biological yield and effective pods per plant under both, normal and late sown conditions. Pods per plant, seed index, plant height, grain yield per plant and yield in kg/ha were the key traits identified that can be used in selection for breeding programs. Genetic variation was also found for traits such as canopy temperature and chlorophyll index. Correlation analysis revealed that total as well as effective pods per plant under normal sown conditions and seed index under late sown conditions had positive and highly significant association with grain yield per plant and yield respectively. Effective pods per plant and biological yield per plant had maximum and positive direct effects on grain yield whereas plant height had highest negative direct effect on grain yield under normal conditions. However under late sown condition, chlorophyll index followed by total pods per plant showed significantly positive direct effects and days to maturity the vice versa. Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed 7 clusters. Among the seven clusters, cluster II (13) and cluster IV (10) consisted maximum number of genotypes accounting to 36% and 27.8% in total genetic diversity under normal and late sown conditions respectively. Based on inter-cluster distances and mean performances of clusters for different traits, the advance breeding line among genotypes belonging to cluster VII and II (for normal sown) and cluster VII and cluster III (for late sown) are expected to produce desirable segregants for yield and other yield related traits. Seed index had largest contribution towards total divergence under both conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of elicitors on expression of MYB transcription factor genes in Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Baker(Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, BAU, Sabour, 2017-07) Kumar, Anjani; Singh, Ravi ShankarSelaginella bryopteris is a medicinally important plant species enriched with flavonoids and biflavonoids and has been used for centuries in India as folklore medicine. Flavonoids are synthesized via the phenylpropanoid (PP) pathway and flavonoid (FL) pathway using phenylalanine as precursor. MYB genes play important roles in the regulation of these biosynthetic pathways. Despite immense potential for commercial exploitation of this plant for bioactive molecules particularly flavonoids, it has been least studied on aspect of their biosynthesis. Molecular aspect of biosynthesis of flavonoids involving transcription factors, transporters and pathway genes is very important for overall understanding of regulation of biosynthesis of bioactive molecules. In this direction, the present research work was formulated to study the expression pattern of genes of MYB transcription factors with following objectives (1) to study the effect of elicitors on expression of MYB transcription factor genes and flavonoid content and (2) cloning and in silico analysis of putative MYB transcription factor gene(s). The primers of MYB genes for gene expression study were designed using sequences from NGS data of Selaginella available in our lab. Results showed that the elicitors (methyl jasmonate, MeJ, salicylic acid, SA and Na-nitropruside, SNP) affect the expression of MYB genes (SbMYB1, SbMYB2 and SbMYB3) in fronds at different time point after the treatment. SbMYB2 expression found to be increased after 6h of treatment of MeJ as compared to control in contrast to SbMYB1 and SbMYB3. A prominent expression of SbMYB1 and SbMYB2 in response to SA elicitation was found as their expression level increased from 3 to 6h as compared to control. While in response to SNP, SbMYB2 and SbMYB3 gene expression was also found to be higher in comparison to control. The effect of elicitation by MeJ, SA and SNP on the flavonoid production was also evident in the present study. The content of flavonoid in methanolic extract of MeJ treated sample was found to be increased (1.2 fold) after 3h but declined at 6h and 9h as compared to control. Similarly, the content of flavonoid in methanolic extract of SA treated sample was found to be higher (1.85 fold) than control at 3h and later declined at 6h and 9h.The flavonoid content in methanolic extract of SNP treated sample was higher (1.84 fold) at 3h, 6h (2.13 fold) and at 9h (1.42 fold) as compared to control. The correlation was established between the gene expression and flavonoid content in response to elicitors (MeJ, SA and SNP). SbMyb1 gene expression was positively correlated (0.89) with flavonoid content in response to SA and negatively correlated with SNP (-0.98). While SbMYB2 gene expression was positively correlated with content of flavonoid in response to MeJ (0.68), SA (0.82) and SNP (0.88). Out of three MYB genes selected from NGS data of S. bryopteris analysed for their gene expression, SbMYB 2 was found to be highly responsive to known elicitors (MeJ, SA, and SNP) of FL pathway. Hence, we focused on this SbMYB2 only and its full length CDS was cloned. SbMYB2 coding sequence contained 1281 bp nucleotides, encoding protein of 426 amino acids and various in silico analysis confirmed it to be a MYB family gene. In conclusion, in the present study a putative MYB gene (SbMYB2) responsive to known elicitors of flavonoid biosynthesis was identified and cloned that could be helpful in future study related to modulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.