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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour established on 5th August, 2010 is a basic and strategic institution supporting more than 500 researchers and educationist towards imparting education at graduate and post graduate level, conducting basic, strategic, applied and adaptive research activities, ensuring effective transfer of technologies and capacity building of farmers and extension personnel. The university has 6 colleges (5 Agriculture and 1 Horticulture) and 12 research stations spread in 3 agro-ecological zones of Bihar. The University also has 21 KVKS established in 20 of the 25 districts falling under the jurisdiction of the University. The degree programmes of the university and its colleges have been accredited by ICAR in 2015-16. The university is also an ISO 9000:2008 certified organisation with International standard operating protocols for maintaining highest standards in teaching, research, extension and training.VisionThe Bihar Agricultural University was established with the objective of improving quality of life of people of state especially famers constituting more than two third of the population. Having set ultimate goal of benefitting society at large, the university intends to achieve it by imparting word-class need based agricultural education, research, extension and public service.
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ThesisItem Open Access Response of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to tillage practices, doses of sulphur and boron(Department of Agronomy, BAU, Sabour, 2020-02-17) Kumar, Vinod; Tyagi, ShashankA field experiment was conducted during rabi season of the years 2016-17 and 2017-18 at research farm of Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur to assess the response of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to tillage practices, doses of sulphur and boron. The soil texture of the experimental plot was sandy loam and was low in available nitrogen (230.35 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (23.9 kg ha-1) and medium in available potassium (143.4 kg ha-1), medium in available sulphur (13.26 ppm) and low in available boron (0.44 ppm). The experiment consisted of twenty seven treatment combinations comprising three tillage practices viz., conventional tillage, zero tillage and reduced tillage, whereas three doses of sulphur i.e. 0, 20 and 40 kg ha-1 and three doses of boron i.e. 0, 1.0 and 2.0 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in split split plot design with three replications. Growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production per plant was observed highest with conventional tillage except LAI which recorded maximum value with zero tillage and these parameters except LAI increased with increasing S and B doses up to 40 kg ha-1 and 1.0 kg ha-1, respectively during both the years. Yield attributing characters like number of siliqua per plant, length of siliqua, 1000-grain weight and number of seeds per siliqua were found maximum in conventional tillage. Tillage practices did not cause significant variation in 1000-grain weight. These attributes increased with increasing S and B doses up to 40 kg ha-1 and 1.0 kg ha-1, respectively. Doses of sulphur did not cause significant variation in number of seeds per siliqua. Conventional tillage gave significantly higher seed yield over zero tillage during both the years. Reduced tillage was significantly superior over zero tillage during 2017-18. Highest seed yield (10.42 and 9.61 q ha-1) was recorded with conventional tillage during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Significantly highest seed yield (10.65 and 9.85 q ha-1) was recorded with 40 kg S ha-1 over control and was at par with 20 kg S ha-1 (10.45 and 9.51 q ha-1) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Significantly highest seed yield (10.59 and 9.75 q ha-1) was recorded with 1.0 kg B ha-1 over control and was at par with 2.0 kg B ha-1 (10.40 and 9.44 q ha-1) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Interaction between tillage and sulphur (T×S) was significant during both the years. Treatment combination of T1S3 was found the best in terms of highest seed yield (11.71 and 11.25 q ha-1) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Highest stover yield (27.42 and 26.25 q ha-1) was registered with conventional tillage during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. However, the difference between conventional tillage and reduced tillage was statistically at par. Significantly highest stover yield (28.47 and 27.29 q ha-1) was recorded with 40 kg S ha-1 over control and was at par with 20 kg S ha-1 (27.54 and 26.59 q ha-1) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Significantly highest stover yield (27.86 and 26.76 q ha-1) was recorded with 1.0 kg B ha-1 over control and was at par with 2.0 kg B ha-1 (27.63 and 26.16 q ha-1) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Only interaction between tillage and sulphur (T×S) was found significant for stover yield during both the years. Treatment combination of T1S3 was the best in terms of highest stover yield (32.79 and 31.62 q ha-1) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Effect of tillage practices on oil content in seed was found non-significant. Maximum oil content in seed (40.66 and 40.15 %) was noted with conventional tillage during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Oil content in seed increased with increasing S dose upto 40 kg ha-1 during 2016-17 (41.59 %) and 2017-18 (41.12 %). While it increased with increasing B dose upto 1.0 kg ha-1 during 2016-17 (41.88 %) and 2017-18 (41.37 %). Maximum cost of cultivation (₹ 17647 and 18855 ha-1) was incurred with conventional tillage during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. It increased with corresponding increase in sulphur and boron dose. Conventional tillage achieved highest net returns (₹ 25383 and 23564 ha-1) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. It increased correspondingly up to 40 kg S ha-1 (₹ 25931 and 24216 ha-1) and 1.0 kg B ha-1 (₹ 26743 and 25025 ha-1) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Highest B: C ratio (1.42 and 1.23) was noted with conventional tillage which was significantly superior over rest of the tillage practices during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Maximum B: C ratio (1.53 and 1.32) was found at 20 kg S ha-1 which was significantly superior over control and was at par with 40 kg S ha-1 during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Similarly, the highest B: C ratio (1.58 and 1.38) was obtained with 1.0 kg B ha-1 during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively which was significantly superior over remaining B levels. Conventional tillage exhibited maximum water productivity (11.69 and 16.21 kg ha-1-mm) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. However, it was enhanced with increasing S and B dose up to 40 kg ha-1 and 1.0 kg ha-1 during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Soil pH, EC and organic carbon did not vary significantly due to tillage practices and dose of sulphur and boron. Tillage practices caused significant improvement in available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and boron content of soil indicating higher value with zero tillage. Their respective content in soil was found towards increasing trend up to 40 kg S ha-1 and 2.0 kg B ha-1 during both the years and observed remarkable improvement over initial status. Sulphur and boron uptake was recorded highest with conventional tillage significantly during both the years. S and B uptake was found maximum value at 40 kg S ha-1 and 2.0 kg B ha-1, respectively. Nutrient use efficiency was decreased with increasing doses of sulphur and boron. The optimum nutrient use efficiency was computed with 20 kg S ha-1 and 1.0 kg B ha-1 during both the years. Hence, it can be concluded that application of 40 kg S ha-1 under conventional tillage practice recorded highest seed yield, stover yield, oil content and water productivity of mustard and available phosphorus in soil. Interaction effect of sulphur and boron was found significant in improving nitrogen and boron availability in soil and uptake of sulphur by mustard.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of sources and doses of sulphur on growth, yield and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)(Department of Agronomy, BAU, Sabour, 2015) Kumar, VinodA field experiment was carried out during rabi 2013-14 at Bihar Agricultural College farm, Sabour under the Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur to assess the effect of different sources and doses of sulphur on growth, yield and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The soil texture of the experimental site was sandy loam and was low in available nitrogen (227.2 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (24.2 kg ha-1) and medium in available potassium (152.1 kg ha-1). The experiment consisted of twelve treatment combinations comprising three sources of sulphur viz., gypsum, iron pyrite and bentonite S and four doses of sulphur i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S ha-1. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production per plant was observed highest with bentonite S. They increased with increasing S doses up to 40 kg ha-1 except dry matter production per plant which recorded maximum value at 60 kg S ha-1. Yield attributing characters like number of siliqua per plant, length of siliqua, 1000-grain weight and number of seeds per siliqua were found maximum in bentonite S and they increased with increasing S dose up to 40 kg ha-1. Sources of sulphur did not cause significant variation in 1000-grain weight. Highest seed yield (15.4 q ha-1) of mustard was noted from bentonite S. The increasing S dose up to 40 kg ha-1 increased seed yield (16.9 q ha-1) of mustard. Different doses of sulphur caused significant variations in stover yield of crop. Stover yield increased with increasing doses of sulphur registering the maximum stover yield (42.3 q ha-1). Highest oil content (40.5%) was noted from bentonite S. Oil content in seed increased with increasing S dose up to 60 kg ha-1 (42.4%). Maximum cost of cultivation (Rs. 17688 ha-1) was incurred with bentonite S. It increased with corresponding increase in sulphur dose. Bentonite S achieved highest net return (Rs. 30518 ha-1). It increased correspondingly up to 40 kg S ha-1 (Rs. 35630 ha-1). B:C ratio was found maximum (1.85) with gypsum with increasing S dose up to 40 kg ha-1. Soil pH did not vary significantly due to source and dose of sulphur, however, there was reduction in soil pH due to increasing sulphur doses over initial status. Gypsum exhibited relatively more decrease in soil pH than iron pyrite and bentonite S. EC of soil was found not significant owing to sources and doses of sulphur. Gypsum exhibited similar trend as in case of soil pH. Variations in organic carbon of soil were found non significant due to sources and doses of sulphur. There was remarkable improvement in organic carbon up to 40 kg S ha-1 and then after there was slight reduction in its value. Bentonite S registered relatively lesser organic carbon content. Sources of sulphur did not cause any significant improvement in available nitrogen content of soil indicating higher value with iron pyrite. It was towards increasing trend up to 40 kg S ha-1, then after there was slight reduction in its value but registered relatively more than initial value. Sources of sulphur could not make any significant variation in available phosphorus content in soil resulting maximum value with gypsum. In case of doses of sulphur was concerned, their values increased with increasing sulphur doses up to 40 kg S ha-1 and further it exhibited rapid reduction in phosphorus content but observed remarkable improvement over initial status. Iron pyrite showed relatively higher value than others. K2O content in soil increased up to 40 kg S ha-1 and further more increase in dose, their value declined sharply. However, it was observed remarkable improvement over initial status. Available sulphur in soil was not significantly affected due to sources of sulphur resulting maximum sulphur content in soil with bentonite and there was remarkable improvement in available S content in source as well as dose of S treated plots over the initial value. Sulphur doses significantly enhanced the available S status in soil resulted in maximum S content under 60 kg S ha-1 which showed statistical parity with 40 kg S ha-1 and was significantly higher over rest of S doses. Sources of sulphur did not cause any significant variation in total S content in soil, however, maximum total S content was registered with bentonite S. Doses of sulphur exhibited enhancement in total S content in soil resulted in significant maximum total S content in soil at 60 kg S ha-1. In all cases, source and dose of S exhibited remarkable improvement in total S content in soil over initial value. In all the growth stages, sulphur uptake was recorded highest with bentonite S significantly. Sulphur uptake resulted in maximum value at 60 kg S ha-1 which exhibited significance over rest of sulphur doses at all the growth stages except at 42 days after sowing. Sulphur content in plant was registered maximum with bentonite S significantly at all the growth stages except at 21 days after sowing where non significant difference in S content was observed. S content in plant was progressively enhanced with each increase in S dose from 0 to 60 kg S ha-1 resulting maximum value at 60 kg S ha-1 which registered significance over 40 kg S ha-1 except at 42 days after sowing. The optimum dose of sulphur was computed 49.6 kg ha-1 for bentonite in mustard followed by 53.4 kg ha-1 for iron pyrite and 57.1 kg ha-1 for gypsum. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that application of bentonite S could be the best source of sulphur at optimum dose of 49.6 kg ha-1 for enhancing the growth, yield and quality of mustard as compared to gypsum and iron pyrite. Bentonite S also exhibited the economic feasibility on the basis of net return achieved.
