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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    OVARIAN STEROIOS AND BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF POLLICULAR FLUID IN RELATION TO FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS GOATS
    (AAU, Anand, 2005) PATEL, SANJAYKUMAR B.; Pathak, M. M.
    The present investigation was carried out on non-descript adult female goats of Gujarat State with the objective to study the ovarian steroid and biochemical constituents of follicular fluid of different categories of follicle. Follicular fluid of small (2-3 mm), medium (> 3-5 mm) and large (> 5 mm) sized follicle was collected from 60 goats slaughtered at slaughter house and follicular fluid from preovulatory and anovulatory follicles was collected by laparotomy of adult goats of the farm. Collection of follicular fluid from preovulatory follicle of the normally cyclic goats was made by laparotomising the goat after detection of the animal in heat. Follicular fluid from anovulatory follicle was collected after 72 hrs. of heat in superovulated goats. Superovulation was carried out by PMSG (Folligon®) and all treated goats were subjected to laparotomy operation, 72 hours after breeding and the follicular fluid was aspirated from follicles present on the ovaries at the time of operation. Follicular fluid samples collected from such different stages of follicular development were analysed for hormones (estradiol-17β, progesterone and testosterone) by standard RIA technique and biochemical constituents (total protein and cholesterol) by standard analytical procedure. The results revealed that the level of estradiol-17β increased significantly (P < 0.05) at every stages of follicular development. The smallest follicle (2-3 mm) had lowest concentration of estradiol-17β in follicular fluid (8.95 ± 0.89 ng/ml) which rose gradually with the development of follicles. Preovulatory follicle had significantly higher (32.40 ± 0.78 ng/ml) level of estradiol-17β than small, medium and large sized follicle, whereas the anovulatory follicle showed the highest level (53.00 ± 3.01 ng/ml). Estradiol-7β concentration of follicular fluid showed a significant and positive correlation between different stages of follicular development (r= 0.96). Progesterone concentration in follicular fluid of different developmental stages of follicle varied remarkably. The level of progesterone increased as the follicle grew (small: 3.98 ± 0.40 ng/ml; medium: 8.40 ± 0.35 ng/ml and large: 16.15 ± 1.05 ng/ml) but the differences were statistically nonsignificant. The variation in progesterone concentrations in preovulatory (128.50 ± 5.87 ng/ml) and anovulatory (728.00 ± 33.52 ng/ml) follicles were statistically highly significant (P < 0.05) compared to all developing follicles. Follicular fluid progesterone concentration was positively but nonsignificantly correlated with different stages of follicle (r = 0.83). The level of testosterone in follicular fluid decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as the follicle size increased. The highest value of testosterone (5.68 ± 0.50 ng/ml) was observed in small sized follicle and the lowest value in preovulatory follicle (0.55 ± 0.03 ng/ml). The differences were statistically significant for small and medium sized follicle only (P < 0.05). Testosterone values were negatively correlated with different stages of follicular development (r = -0.66). Ratios of different hormones were also analysed statistically. It revealed that there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in estradiol-ivp/progesterone ratio in follicular fluid as the follicle increased in size except small and medium size follicle. The highest ratio of estradiol-17β/progesterone (2.66 ± 0.53) observed in small sized follicle whereas the lowest ratio (0.07 ± 0.01) was observed in anovulatory follicle. Estradiol-lyp/progesterone ratio had significant and negative correlation with follicular development (r = -0.99). The differences of progesterone/testosterone ratio for small (0.63 ± 0.01), medium (6.87 ± 0.34) and large (26.08 ± 0.05) sized follicle were statistically nonsignificant but these ratio differed significantly from that of preovulatory (228.07 ± 14.78) and anovulatory (982.43 ± 87.18) follicle. Progesterone/testosterone ratio correlated positively with follicle development (r = 0.85). The results revealed that there was progressive increase in estradiol- 17β/testosterone ratio in follicular fluid as follicle developed. Lowest value of estradiol- 17β/testerone ratio was observed in small (1.67 ± 0.19) sized follicle, while highest value of ratio was observed in anovulatory follicle (69.51 ± 4.88). Ratio of estradiol- 17βand testosterone was correlated significantly (P < 0.05) and positively with the different categories of follicles (r = 0.93). The studies on biochemical constituents indicated that the differences observed in cholesterol concentrations in follicular fluid of different category of follicle were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Follicular fluid cholesterol levels showed significant and positive correlation with various stages of follicular development (r = 0.90). The variation of total protein content of follicular fluid of different categories of follicle was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). Average total protein content ranged from 3.13 ± 0.20 gm/dl in small sized follicle to 12.59 ± 0.31 gm/dl in anovulatory follicle. Follicular fluid protein concentration correlated positively but nonsignificantly with different stages of follicle development (r = 0.80). Overall, it was found that follicular fluid concentration of steroid hormones and biochemical parameter has important relative association with the physiology of follicle and oocyte development, their maturation and ovulation.