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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators and micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of acid lime cv. Kagzi (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)(AAU, Anand, 2012) MADHUKAR, JAGTAP VAIBHAV; Patel, H. C.The present investigation on "Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators and micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of acid lime cv. Kagzi (Citrus aurantifoUa Swingle)" was carried out during spring season of the year 2011 at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The results revealed that treatment ZnS04 0.5 % + FeS04 0.5 % produced significantly the maximum tree height (3.45, 3.73 and 3.98 m at 4, 6 and 8 month after first spray). East West canopy spread (3.44, 3.76 and 4.04 m at 4, 6 and 8 month after first spray), South North canopy spread (3.40, 3.70 and 3.97 m at 4, 6 and 8 month after first spray). Treatment GA3 50 mg/1 took significantly minimum number of days for fruit set after first spray (23.67 days) while significantly minimum number of days for fruit maturity after first spray (135.67 days) were recorded with NAA 200 mg/1. Simultaneously, GAs 50 mg/1 also showed significant increased in tree height, East West canopy spread, South North canopy spread as well as also minimized number of days for fruit set. Yield attributing characters like fruit volume (47.90 cc), fruit diameter (4.54 cm), fruit weight (47.40 g) and fruit yield per tree (46.38 kg) significantly increased under treatment GA3 50 mg/1. In case of number of fruits per tree treatment NAA 200 mg/1 significantly increased the number of fruits per tree (1020.33) and it was statistically at par with treatments 2,4-D 20 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 % + FeS04 0.5 %, NAA 100 mg/1, GA3 50 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 % and FeSO4 0.5%. Quality attribiiting characters like total soluble solid (9.58 Brix.) and ascorbic acid content (30.41 mg/lOOg pulp) were significantly increased while number of seeds per fruit (6.13) and acidity (7.05 %) were significantly decreased under treatment GA3 50 mg/1. However, in case of total soluble solid and number of seeds per fruit, it was statistically at par with treatments GAs 50 mg/1, NAA 200 mg/1 and 2, 4-D 20 mg/1, ascorbic acid content was at par with treatment ZnS04 0.5 % + FeS04 0.5 %, NAA 200 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 %, FeS04 0.5 %, 2, 4-D 20 mg/1 and GA3 25 mg/1 and acidity % was statistically at par with treatment NAA 200 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 % + FeS04 0.5 %, 2, 4-D 20 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 % and FeS04 0.5%. From economical point of view, the maximum net realization of ? 89,664 ha with BCR of 1:2.41 was obtained in treatment NAA 200 mg/1 due to increased in fruit retention of plant followed by treatment GA3 50 mg/1 with net realization of ? 87,379 ha and BCR of 1:2.30 due to increased in fruit weight and size. It can be concluded that for securing higher fruit yield (46.00 kg), net return (Rs 89,664) and cost benefit ratio (1:2.41) with quality fruits the treatment NAA 200 mg/1 perform best and next best treatment was found GA3 50 mg/1.ThesisItem Open Access LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS IN PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex. Poir)(AAU, Anand, 2012) CHRISTIAN, SOHILKUMAR SIMONBHAI; Acharya, R. R.The present investigation was undertaken in order to estimate the per se performance, extent of heterosis, general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids in pumpkin for 15 characters. The crosses were attempted by using line x tester mating design among four lines and 10 testers during kharif 2009. The resultant 40 hybrids along with 14 parents were tested using randomized block design with three replications at Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during kharif 2010. The analysis of variance for experimental design indicated significant differences among genotypes, parents and hybrids for most of the characters studied. The mean squares due to females were significant for the characters, viz., first male flowering node, primary branches per plant, fruits per plant, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and fruit polar diameter. Likewise, the male parents differed significantly for former five traits along with first female flowering node and total sugar content. This indicated sufficient variability among males and females for these traits. The mean squares due to parents vs hybrids were also highly significant for fruit yield per plant, first male flowering node, first female flowering node, fruits per plant, fruit equatorial diameter, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solids and total sugar content suggested the existence of overall heterosis and the significant differences between the parents and hybrids with respect to these characters. The study of per se performance of parents revealed that the parents Anand Pumpkin 1, PKM 45 and PKM 51 were the better performer for fruit yield per plant and yield attributing components. The female parent, Anand Pumpkin 1 ranked first for fruits per plant and third place for fruit polar diameter as well as fruit weight. The male parent PKM 45 was noticed for first position for fruit polar diameter, 100 seed weight and total sugar content. The sort of the best three hybrids among the forty hybrids were Co 2 x PJCM 19, Anand Pumpkin 1 x PKM 52 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 on the basis of their/>er se performance for fruit yield per plant. The hybrid Co 2 x PKM 19 showed the highest heterobeltiosis as well as standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant among 40 hybrids. This hybrid also manifested significant heterosis over better parent and standard check in desirable direction for fruits per plant, seeds per fruit, fruit weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. Besides this, the hybrids PKM 51 x PKM 19, Anand Pumpkin 1 x PKM 52 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 were also found promising. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean squares due to females and males were significant for fruit yield per plant, days to opening of first male flower, fruits per plant, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. The mean squares due to lines x testers were significant for all the characters except for days to opening of first female flower indicated the significant contribution of SCA variance. The variance for SCA component were higher than respective GCA variances component and less than unit potence ratio confirmed the preponderance of non- additive gene action for all the traits except days to opening of first female flower. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that the parents Anand Pumpkin 1, PKM 2 and PKM 19 were found good general combiner for fruit yield per plant. Moreover, PKM 19 was good general combiner for first male flowering node, fruits per plant, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. Whereas, PKM 2 was also good general combiner for characters, viz., days to opening of first male flower, days to opening of first female flower, first female flowering node, fruits per plant, total soluble solid and total sugar content. The parent Anand Pumpkin 1 depicted good general combiner for fruit weight and 100 seed weight. The two superior crosses namely Co 2 x PKM 19 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 exhibited higher per se performance, positively significant and high magnitude of heterobelfiosis as well as standard heterosis and significant sea effects for fruit yield per plant. These hybrids also registered significantly higher heterosis and sea effects in desired direction for other yield attributing components. Therefore, these crosses could be further evaluated over years and locations to exploit for commercial cultivation or utilized in future breeding programme to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of bio-fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda(AAU, Anand, 2012) GODAGE, SURAJ SAMBHAJI; Parekh, N. S.The present investigation on "Influence of biofertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of guava. [Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda" was carried out during Kharif-Rabi season of the year 2011 at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. There were twenty treatments and the treatments comprising organic fertilizers (FYM), bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB 5ml/tree each), three levels of nitrogen (500, 375, 250 g N/ha), two levels of phosphorous (250, 157.5 g P/ha) and 250 g K/ha in all trees excluding absolute control were tried in Randomized Block design with three replications. For growth parameters the results revealed that treatment of 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O+ Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree was obtained significantly maximum tree height (3.80 m), girth of primary branch (28.67 cm), East West tree spread (5.20 m), North South tree spread (5.13 m) at harvesting stage while number of primary and secondary branches were recorded non significant effect at harvesting stage. For flowering characters significantly minimum number of days for flowering (32.33 days), maximum number of flowers per branch (25.33), fruit set per branch (90.20%) and fruit retention (92.96%) were recorded with treatment 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree as compared to rest of the treatment in guava cv. Allahabad Safeda. For fruit attributing characters like fruit diameter (10.07 cm), fruit weight (215.06 g) and pulp weight (193.44 g) were significantly increased under the treatment of 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree. As compared to other treatments the treatment of 100% N + 75% P2O5 + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree recorded minimum peel weight (15.00 g) and in treatment of 75% N + 100% P2O5 + 100% K2O+ Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree recorded minimum weight of seeds (4.0 g). While, minimum number of seeds (111.33) were recorded in 100% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree. For yield attributing characters, number of fruits per tree (144.33), fruit yield per tree (32.13 kg) and per hectare (89.01 q) significantly increased under treatment of 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree as compared to rest of the treatments« For quality attributing characters, the total soluble solids (11.06° Brix.) was significantly increased under treatment 100% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree and shelf life of fruit (12.50 days) was significantly increased under treatment 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree as compared to rest of the treatments. From economical point of view, the highest net realization (1,58,221 ha-1) with CBR (1:8.99) was obtained in treatment T14 (75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree) followed by treatment T8 (100% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree) as compared to rest of the treatments. For securing higher fruit 5yield and net realization, application of 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree was found beneficial for getting higher fruit yield in guava cv. Allahabad Safeda.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SEED SOAKING IN PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND CHEMICALS ON SEED GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF ACID LIME SEEDLING CV. KAGZI (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)(AAU, Anand, 2012) NAGAR, HARI PRAKASH; PATEL, H. C.The present investigation on "Effect of seed soaking in plant growth regulators and chemicals on seed germination and growth of acid lime seedling cv. Kagzi (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)" was carried out during the year 2011-12 at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The study was conducted to assess the role of PGR's and chemicals on seed germination and vegetative growth of acid lime cv. Kagzi. The soil of experimental area was loamy sand in texture, medium available of nitrogen and phosphorus, high in potash and low in organic carbon content. There were thirteen treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that treatment GA3150 mg/1 took significantly less time for germination (21.33 days) and gave maximum germination (93.75%), plant height (3.05,11.63,17.60,24.23,31.16 and 36.56 cm at 30, 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively), number of leaves (10.53, 22.53 and 30.53 at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, respectively), girth of seedling at top (0.34, 0.49, 0.59, 0.66 and 0.97 cm at 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively), girth of seedling at middle (0.55, 0.67, 0.78, 0.94 and 1.32 cm at 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively) girth of seedling at bottom (0.51, 0.89, 0.96,1.30 and 1.51 cm at 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively), fresh weight of seedlings (15.76,19.30, 25.16, 29.91 and 34.37 g at 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively ) dry weight of seedlings (3.20,4.43, 9.20,12.27 and 16.18 g at 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 DAS, respectively), length of primary root (34.07 cm at 180 DAS), number of secondary roots (39.67 at 180 DAS) and survival percentage (81.12 and 80.46 at 150 & 180 DAS, respectively) as compared to rest of the treatments. Simultaneously treatment of thiourea 2000 mg/1 also showed significant effects on number of leaves (38.66, 52.33 and 55.33 at 120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively) and chlorophyll content of leaves (108.77 cci at 180 DAS). On the other hand, NAA 150 mg/1 showed significant effect on length of seedling (68.77 cm at 180 DAS) as compared to rest of the treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that seed soaking in GA3 150 mg/l was found effective treatment for germination, growth vigour as well as higher net return & cost benefit ratio.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDY OF Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC 5462 and Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 FOR FOLATE AND BIOTIN PRODUCTION IN FERMENTED MILK(AAU, Anand, 2012) GOSWAMI, RIPAN; Prajapati, J. B.Fermented milks are of great importance worldwide because of their nutritional, organoleptic, health and shelf-life properties. Current trends of changing consumer needs indicate a great opportunity for innovations and developments in the fermented milks by incorporation of the selected probiotic strains to enhance their health status. Two indigenous probiotic strains, viz. Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC 5462 were studied for their effect on the various nutritional properties, with the main objective to evaluate biotin (vitamin H) and folic acid production. The study involved three probiotic fermented milks, one containing Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 (A), Lactobacillus rliamnosus MTCC 5462 (B) and third (C) was a co-cultured product containing both the probiotic strains fermented at 37°C. With the increasing fermentation time, titratable acidity of all the probiotic fermented nulks increased rapidly from 0.17% to 2.23% and on the other hand pH values were found to be decreasing from 6.68 to 3.27. Average lactobacilli log cfu/ml (viable) count on MRS medium varied from 6.29 to 8.18 after 12 h to 7.19 after 24 h of fermentation The gross compositional differences between the three products A, B and C were observed to be non-significant for protein, fat, ash, moisture and total solids contents, however minor changes were seen in some constituents after fermentation when compared to unfermented milk. A significant effect of fermentation by probiotic bacteria in soluble calcium was observed; it increased from 46.65 to 153.25,149.50 and 162.35mg/100gm in product A, B and C respectively. Total calcium remained unchanged, rather magnesium and phosphorus concentration increased slightly from 17.37 to 19.20, 148.75 and 174.25mg/100gm respectively. Volatile fatty acids were synthesized by Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 (6.80mg/gm lactic acid, 0.02mg/gm acetic acid and 0.11mg/gm butyric acid), Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC 5462 (6.48mg/gm lactic acid, 0.01mg/gm acetic acid and 0.11mg/gm butyric acid after 24 h fermentation. The co-cultured product had 9.50mg/gm lactic acid, 0.03mg/gm acetic acid and 0.08mg/gm butyric acid. Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 was found to be the highest producer of folic acid as estimated by HPLC and microbiological assay. After 24 h of fermentation the folic acid concentration estimated by HPLC was 123.03,95.55 and 105.2µg/L, while microbiological assay showed it to be 141, 115 and 124µg/L in fermented milks A, B and C respectively. On an average HPLC analysis results were lower than microbiological assay. Amount of biotin produced during fermentation was determined using commercial ELISA kit. Milk had 0.18µg/gm of biotin, which increased to 0.23µg/gm by Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463. Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC 5462 utilized biotin from the medium, therefore the concentration was found to be decreasing with the increasing fermentation time from O.18µg/gm to 0.14 and 0.09µg/gm after 12 and 24 h respectively. It could be concluded that the probiotic cultures could be utilized to prepare the fermented milk rich in folate and higher soluble calcium.ThesisItem Open Access DIALLEL ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND APHID RESISTANCE IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica junce (L.) Czern and Coss](AAU, Anand, 2012) DHOLU, VINODKUMAR KIRTIBHAI; Sasidharan, N.Indian mustard is an important oilseed crop from Cruciferae family. Due to wide genetic variability existing in this crop it holds potential for further improvement. The present investigation on Indian mustard comprised of 8 parents and its 28 hybrids which were produced in a half-diallel fashion. Two sets of experiments were laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replicatiors each at Plant Breeding Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi 2011-12. One set (protected trial) was subjected to all prophylactic operations to protect the mustard crop from aphids (L. erysimi). Heterosis, combining ability, components of genetic variance and graphical analysis were studied for fourteen characters including seed yield and its components, oil and protein content in this trial. The other set (unprotected) of experiment used for aphid reaction studies was not given any protective spray to control the aphid infestation. Observations were recorded for aphid index and five important yield parameters. Combining ability, graphical analysis and simple correlation were studied for aphid resistance. Experiment-I (Protected trial) Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits. Several hybrids exhibited heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for seed yield per plant and other characters. On the basis of per se performance and estimates of heterosis hybrids, IC-491446 x IC-560696 and IC-560696 x Vardan were found to be most promising for seed yield and other desirable traits, hence could be further evaluated to exploit the heterosis or utilized in future breeding programme to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes. The general and specific combining ability variances were significant for all the traits. The o^gca and o^sca ratio indicated that non-additive gene action was predominant for the inheritance of all the traits except days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight for which additive gene action was more important. The estimates of general combining ability effects suggested that parents i.e. GM-2 and IC-560696 were good general combiners for seed yield per plant and its related attributes. The estimates of specific combining ability effects indicated that cross combinations viz., IC-491446 x IC-560696, IC-560696 x Vardan and Laxmi x GM-2 were observed to be most promising for seed yield and some of its related traits. Assumptions basic to diallel were only fulfilled for days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight. The component and graphical analysis revealed importance of both additive and non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of most of the traits. Degree of dominance manifested partial dominance for days to 50% flowering and plant height and complete dominance for length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight. Asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative alleles and equal distribution of dominant and recessive genes were found in parents for days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight. Moderate heritability estimate was observed for all the above traits. The graphical analysis indicated that primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant and oil content were controlled by partial dominance. Whereas, complete dominance was observed for length of main branch, seed yield per plant and protein content. The over-dominance played a role for days to maturity, tertiary branches per plant and total number of siliquae per plant. The parents had greater diversity as their array points scattered throughout the graph for the traits like days to 50% flowering, number of secondary branches per plant, number of tertiary branches per plant, length of main branch, seeds per siliquae, seed yield per plant and oil content. The outcome of the current study has been discussed in relation to its implications for improvement programme of Indian mustard. Present outcome revealed that breeding approaches like biparental mating followed by recurrent selection, diallel selective mating etc., in addition to conventional methods are suggested to identify desirable transgressive segregants for further improvement of these traits. Experiment-II (Unprotected trial: Aphid reaction studies) The gca and sea mean squares were significant for aphid resistance. The dominance ratio (σ2gca/σ2sca) indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene effects for the inheritance of aphid resistance. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents GM-1 and GM-3 were good general combiner for aphid resistance. The estimates of specific combining ability effects revealed that the cross combinations viz., lC-491446 x GM-2, lC-560696 x Vardan, IC-491446 x GM-1, Laxmi x Vardan and Laxmi x lC-560696 were observed to be most promising for aphid resistance. The graphical analysis indicated that the over-dominance played a role for aphid resistance. The morphological characters of plant viz., siliquae per plant, seeds per siliquae and yield per plant were negatively correlated with the peak aphid population. The oil content was negatively correlated with peak aphid population while, protein content was positively correlated with peak aphid population. It is being inferred that reduction in seed mass during aphid infestation may be causing reduction in oil content, however leaving protein content unaffected.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON GLUME (GRAIN) DISCOLORATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(AAU, Anand, 2012) SANGHAVI, SUMEET KISHOR; PRAJAPATI, K. S.Rice is an important staple food crop grown worldwide and of paramount importance to more than half of the global population with regard to food value and is consumed by more than 60 per cent of world population. Glume (grain) discolouration caused by several microorganisms was considered as minor one but, it is gaining importance in almost all rice growing areas of the world in recent years. Investigation was carried out with respect to collection and categorization of seeds of five rice cultivars on the basis of discoloration intensity, assessment of mycoflora load. Impact assessment of associated mycoflora on germination, seedling vigour, seed weight loss, protein and amylose content and management of glume (grain) discoloration through new fungicides under field condition. Seed samples of five rice cultivars viz., GR-11, OR-12, Gurjari, Jaya and IR-28 were assessed and categorized into six fractions as Healthy seeds, 1, 1-5, 5-25, 25-50 and 51-100 per cent discoloration categories seeds and were ranged from 66.7 to 76.3, 11.2 to 14.8, 4.2 to 8.4, 3.4 to 5.4, 1.6 to 4.1 and 1.5 to 2.6 per cent, respectively. Over all, nine different fungal species viz. Fusarium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Altemeria altemata, Penicillium sp., Bipolaris oryzae, Cladosporium sp. and Rhizopus sp. were identified in different categorization of five rice cultivar by standard blotter method. Among the different fungal species detected Fusarium sp. showed maximum association in all the five rice cultivars. Rice cultivar GR-11 stood first in respect of seeds showing maximum seed mycoflora load followed by IR-28, Gurjari, Jaya and GR-12. The results revealed that germination rate, seedling length, root length, shoot length, speed of germination and seedling vigour index was decreased as discoloration intensity on seed increased. As discoloration intensity on seed increased, maximum reduction in germination rate i.e. from 94.5 to 50.0 per cent was observed in cultivar GR-12, while maximum reduction in seedling length and shoot length was observed in cultivar Jaya i.e. from 8.0 to 3.2 cm and 2.9 to 1.7 cm, respectively. Maximum reduction in root length i.e. from 4.8 to 1.7 cm was observed in cultivar Gurjari. Highest reduction in speed of germination and seedling vigour index was observed in cultivar Jaya i.e. from 42.8 to 18.5 and 764.2 to 167.1, respectively. The results revealed that increase in discoloration intensity on seed, 1000 seed weight (g) and amylose content was decreased, while protein content was increased in all the five rice cultivars. Maximum reduction in 1000 seed weight (g) due to discoloration intensity was observed in cultivar Jaya i.e. from 33.4 to 19.8 g, while maximum reduction in amylose content i.e. from 29.2 to 23.9 per cent was observed in cultivar Gurjari. Highest increase in protein content due to discoloration intensity was observed in cultivar GR-11 cultivar i.e. from 6.3 to 10.7 per cent. Among different nine fungicides tested against glume discoloration of rice in cultivar GR-11 revealed that three spays of fungicide Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole applied first at boot stage, second at 5-10 per cent panicle emergence stage and third at 45-50 per cent panicle emergence stage revealed lowest per cent panicle infection (21.3 %), per cent spikelet infection (25.3 %), per cent disease index (16.6 %) and per cent disease incidence (19.6 %) with maximum grain yield (4538.9 kg/ha) and straw yield (4793.0 kg/ha), which was at par with fungicide Mancozeb + Carbendazim showing 23.0 per cent panicle infection, 28.2 per cent spikelet infection, 18.3 per cent disease index and 21.8 per cent disease incidence with grain yield and straw yield as 4393.6 kg/ha and 4684.1 kg/ha, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF BIORATIONAL PRODUCTS FOR THEIR EFFICACY AGAINST INSECT PESTS INFESTING BRINJAL (Solanum melongena Linn.)(AAU, Anand, 2012) KARKAR, DIPAKKUMAR B.; Korat, D. M.In order to determine the bioefficacy of biorational products against insect pests infesting brinjal, three separate field experiments were carried out at Agronomy farm of B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the year 2011-12. Results concluded that among the seven botanical products, the spray of Neem Seed Kernal Extract (NSKE) @ 5 % and neem oil @ 0.3 % found effective against sucking pests (aphid, leafhopper and whitefly) as M^ell as shoot and fruit borer infesting brinjal. Maximum fruit yield (5471 kg/ha) was harvested in the treatment of NSKE followed by neem oil. Maximum net realization (Rs. 20450/ha) with highest (1 : 24.06) Incremental Cost Benefit Ratio (ICBR) were registered in NSKE. With respect to net realization, the treatment of neem oil ranked next to NSKE, but failed to show higher ICBR. Among the various microbial insecticides evaluated, the population of sucking pests (aphid, leafhopper and whitefly) was effectively suppressed in the treatment of Metarhizium anisopliae and Vertidllium lecanii (2x108 cfu/g) botii sprayed at 40 g/10 lit. water. Beauveria bassiana and Nomurea rileyi were proved inferior at 40 and 50 g/10 lit.water against sucking pests infesting brinjal. Treatment of Bacillus thuringiensis [Bt) @ 1.5 kg/ha exhibited minimum number of damaged shoots (8.24 %) and fruits (6.81 %) due to shoot and fruit borer, Luecinodes orbonalis L. V. lecanii and M. anisopliae both at 40 g/10 lit, water were found next effective treatments to Bt in suppressing the L. orbonalis incidence. Significantly maximum yield (246.92 q/ha) of brinjal fruits with highest net realization (Rs. 69152/ha) were recorded in Bt treated plots over rest of the treatments, however it failed to exhibit higher ICBR. The treatment of higher doses (40 g/10 lit. water) of V. lecanii registered maximum yield (192.90 q/ha), net realization (Rs. 39540/ha) and ICBR (1 : 34.18). The results on impact of cow urine and vermiwash both sprayed at different (20, 30, 40 and 50 %) concentrations assessed against insect pests infesting brinjal revealed that minimum population of sucking pests, shoot and fruit borer damage with maximum yield (250 q/ha) were recorded in the treatment of cowurine 50 % followed by vermiwash 50 %. Higher concentrations of cow urine and vermiwash influenced positively on various yield attributing characters of brinjal. Impact of vermiwash on such characters was found to be prominent in comparison to cow urine. Maximum net realization (Rs. 59710/ha) and ICBR (1 : 42.65) value were observed in cow-urine 50 %. In general, there was slight adverse effect of biorational products on the activity of coccinellids and chtysopids.ThesisItem Open Access SEED VIABILITY PARAMETERS AND MATURITY INDICES IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) DURING KHARIF AND SUMMER”(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) SANTOSH DATTATRAY KSHIRSAGAR; DR. SASIDHARAN NThe nature and extent of “Seed viability in groundnut (Arachis hypogea Linn.)” was studied in a set of fifty five genotypes of groundnut grown in Randomized complete block design with three replications at Department of Agril. Botany, B.A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand, during the Kharif and summer seasons of the year 2010. The observations were recorded on seventeen morphological and two biochemical characters viz., germination count at 5th day in field, germination count at 10th day in field, plant height , primary branches, secondary branches, days to 50 % flowering, number of mature pods per plants, number of immature pods per plants, hundred seed weight, tightness of kernel in the hull shelling percent, sound mature kernel, harvest index, days of maturity, pod yield per plant , kernel yield per plant, shrivelled seed, protein content and oil content.