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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF DECAPITATION AND PGR's ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CLUSTER BEAN SEED (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) CV. PUSA NAVBAHAR(AAU, Anand, 2010) NARSHI, SATODIYA BAKUL; Patel, H. C.A field experiment was conducted at Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the years 2008-09 and 2009-10 in summer seasons on sandy loam soil with a view to study the "Influence of decapitation and PGR's on growth, yield and quality of cluster bean seed (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) cv. Pusa Navbahar" under middle Gujarat conditions. There were twenty one treatment combinations comprising three decapitation treatments i.e. D1-Without decapitation (control), D2-Decapitation at 70 DAS and Ds-Decapitation at 85 DAS and seven different PGR's treatments along with control i.e. G1 -Water spray (Control), G2-NAA 20 mg/l, G3-NAA 40 mg/l, G4-GA3 20 mg/l, G5-GA3 40 mg/l, G6-Thiourea 500 mg/l and G7-Thiourea 1000 mg/l in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. Growth parameters viz. plant height and number of leaves per plant were found non-significant at 30 and 60 DAS. Whereas, without decapitation (control) treatment recorded significantly the highest plant height i.e. 112.07 and 115.72 cm and number of leaves per plant i.e. 50.70 and 45.15 at 90 DAS and harvest stage, respectively. The effects of decapitation on physiological parameters viz. LA, LAI, CGR, NAR and dry weight of plant were found non-significant at 30 and 60 DAS whereas, at 90 DAS all the physiological parameters and at harvest only LA and dry weight of plant recorded significantly, higher values in control treatment (Without decapitation). Decapitation of plant at 70 DAS registered significantly the highest number of pods per cluster (7.55), number of clusters per plant (18.29), number of pods per plant (138.00) and weight of 1000 seeds (37.00 g) in pooled analysis. However, dry pod length (9.59 cm) and number of seeds per pod (7.05 cm) were found maximum in treatment decapitation at 85 DAS. Decapitation of plant at 70 DAS produced significantly the highest seed yield (917.7 kg/ha) in pooled analysis as compared to without decapitation (889.13 kg/ha), which was 9.26 % higher than without decapitation. Root and shoot ratio (0.057) and harvest index (627.04) were also found significantly superior in treatment decapitation at 70 DAS. Seed quality parameters viz. seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I and II were recorded the highest values in treatment decapitation at 70 DAS at 6th 8th and at 10th day on pooled basis. Plant growth regulators treatments significantly influenced growth parameters viz. plant height and number of leaves per plant at various growth stages of crop except at 30 DAS. At 60, 90 DAS and harvest stage treatment GA3 40 mg/l recorded significantly maximum plant height and number of leaves per plant as compared to rest of treatments. Physiological parameters viz. LA, LAI, NAR and dry weight of plant at 60 and 90 DAS registered significantly the higher values in treatment GA3 40 mg/l in pooled analysis. At harvest, LA, LAI and dry weight had recorded significantly maximum values in treatments Thiourea 500 mg/l and GA3 40 mg/l which remained at par with each other. Yield attributing characters viz. number of pods per cluster (7.25), number of clusters per plant (18.75), number of pods per plant (136.01), dry pod length (9.86 cm) and weight of 1000 seeds (37.22 g) were significantly the highest in treatment Thiourea 500 mg/l on pooled basis. The significantly maximum seed yield was recorded by the treatment Thiourea 500 mg/l (1030.36 kg/ha) in pooled analysis, which was at par with treatment GA3 20 mg/l (992.81 kg/ha) which was 26.67 and 22.05 %, higher than control, respectively. The treatment GA3 20 mg/l recorded the highest harvest index (638.80). Seed quality parameters viz. germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour index-I and II were recorded the maximum values in treatments of GA3 and Thiourea at all the three stages i.e. 6th, 8th and 10thday. Interaction effects between decapitation and PGR's treatments on growth parameters viz., plant height and number of leaves per plant showed significant differences at 60, 90 DAS and harvest stage except for number of leaves per plant at harvest. Different combination of decapitation and PGR's treatments recorded significant results on physiological parameters at various growth stages viz. LA, LAI, CGR, NAR and dry weight of plant. At 60 and 90 DAS LA, LAI, NAR and dry weight of plant recorded significant results in different combinations except CGR at 60 DAS. At harvest stage, CGR, NAR and dry weight of plant were found significant due to interaction between decapitation and PGR's treatments. At all the growth stages, interaction between without decapitation and treatments of GA3 and Thiourea recorded significantly higher values of all the physiological parameters. Yield attributing parameters viz. number of seeds per pod and weight of 1000 seeds significantly affected by interaction between decapitation and PGR's treatments which, were the highest in combinations D'aGe (8.20) and D2G6 (41.40 g), respectively. Seed quality parameters like, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour index-I and II recorded the maximum values in combinations of decapitation at 70 DAS with treatments of GA3 and Thiourea at all the three stagesi.e. 6th 8th and10th day. The higher net return of 47,849 Rs./ha along with B.C.R. of 1: 2.60 was obtained by decapitation at 70 DAS, whereas, the lowest net realization (41,935 Rs. /ha) and B.C.R. (1:2.43) was obtained when plant decapited at 85 DAS. The treatment Thiourea 500 mg/l recorded the maximum net realization of Rs. 52,277 per hectare with 1:2.73 B.C.R., followed by treatment GA3 20 mg/l.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY OF ROSE GROWERS(AAU, Anand, 2010) PATEL, DHARMENDRAKUMAR D.; Patel, B. B.The recent advances in rose production technology have demonstrated that scientific management has great potential for increasing the rose production. Therefore, raising management efficiency is of paramount importance for rose producer. This will open up new vistas and make possible for rose growers to achieve substantial gains in income. There are number of factors affecting the rose production. Management is one of the most important factors which help the rose growers to exploit natural resources and accumulate capital. The efficient use of resources depends to a greater extent on how rose growers acquire and adopt innovations in the rose cultivation in effective manner to reach higher levels of economic performance through their management efficiency. The present study on "MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY OF ROSE GROWERS" was undertaken with following specific objectives: 1. To know the profile of rose growers 2. To study the management efficiency of rose growers 3. To ascertain the relationship of personal, social, economical, communicational and psychological characteristics with management efficiency of rose growers 4. To know the extent of contribution of selected independent variables on dependent variable of rose growers 5. To study the direct and indirect effect of the independent variables on the management efficiency of rose growers 6. To analyze the constraints faced by rose growers regarding various aspects of rose production The present study was undertaken in Dholka taluka of Amdavad district of Gujarat state. There are 71 villages of Dholka taluka. Out of these, six villages were selected based on specific criteria. These selected villages were considered as stratum and with the help of proportional allocation method sample size of each stratum was determined. A random sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of respondents from the selected villages. Thus, total 127 rose growers were selected randomly. The Ex-post-facto research design was followed. A scale was developed to measure the management efficiency of rose growers. The dependent and independent variables were measured with appropriate scales and procedures adopted by other research workers. To measure the knowledge level regarding improved rose cultivation practices and attitude towards improved rose cultivation practices, tests were developed by the investigator. An interview schedule was developed in accordance with the objectives of the study and it was pre-tested and translated into Gujarati. The data of this study were collected through personal interview. The statistical measures such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, co-efficient of correlation, stepwise multiple regressions, standard partial regression coefficient and path analyses were used. MAJOR FINDINGS The important findings of the study are as under: 1. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS 1.1 PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC Majority of the rose growers had middle age (72.44 per cent), at least primary education level (83.50 per cent) and medium level of experience in rose cultivation (63.80 per cent). 1.2 SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC Nearly three-fifth (57,50 per cent) of the rose growers had large family size. 1.3 ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS More than three-fourth (77.16 per cent) of the respondents possess up to 2.00 hectares of land and a great majority (84.25 per cent) of the rose growers had above 35.00 per cent of their total land under rose cultivation. 1.4 COMMUNICATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Majority (83.46 per cent) of the rose growers had medium to low level of participation in training programme, more than fourfifth (81,10 per cent) of the rose growers had medium to high level of contacts with extension agencies and more than three-fourth (77.95 per cent) of the rose growers possessed medium to high level of exposure to mass media. 1.5 PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS Majority (74.80 per cent) of the rose growers had medium to high level of economic motivation, three-fourth (75.59 per cent) of them had medium to high degree of risk orientation, four-fifth (81.10 per cent) of them had medium to high level of achievement motivation, a great majority (89.76 per cent) of them had medium to high level of aspiration, majority (77.95 per cent) of them had medium to high level of innovative proneness, a great majority (85.83 per cent) of them had medium to high level of cosmopoliteness, a great majority (85.83 per cent) of them had medium to high level of competition orientation and a great majority (85.04 per cent) of them had medium to high level of self confidence. 2. MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY AND ITS COMPONENTS OF ROSE GROWERS 2.1 MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY OF ROSE GROWERS Slightly more than two-third (68.50 per cent) of the rose growers had medium level of management efficiency, while 16.54 per cent of the rose growers had high level of management efficiency and 14.96 per cent of the rose growers had low level of management efficiency. 2.2 VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY OF ROSE GROWERS Slightly more than four-fifth (81.10 per cent) of the rose growers had medium to high level of knowledge about improved rose cultivation practices, more than four-fifth (85.83 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level of attitude towards improved rose cultivation practices, three-fourth (75.59 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level of ability in planning in rose cultivation, slightly less than four-fifth (79.53 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level, of ability to make rational decision, majority (83.47 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level of timely adoption, majority (85.04 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level of ability to mobilize resources, more than four-fifth (85.04 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level of ability to co-ordinate activities, slightly less than three-fourth (74.02 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of efficient use of resources, majority (84.25 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level of ability in rational marketing and slightly less than three-fourth (73.23 per cent) of the respondents had medium to high level of competence in evaluation. 3. RELATIONSHIP OF PERSONAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL, COMMUNICATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY OF THE ROSE GROWERS Out of eighteen independent variables, sixteen viz.; education, experience in rose cultivation, land under rose cultivation, participation in training programme, contact with extension agency, exposure to mass media, economic motivation, risk orientation, achievement motivation, level of aspiration, scientific orientation, innovative proneness, cosmopoliteness, competition orientation and self confidence were positively and significantly related, while age is negatively and significantly related to management efficiency of the rose growers. 4. EXTENT OF CONTRIBUTION OF SELECTED INDEPENDENT VARIABLES ON THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE OF THE ROSE GROWERS Management efficiency was found to be predicted by nine independent variables such as participation in training, scientific orientation, cosmopoliteness, risk orientation, education, land under rose cultivation, level of aspiration, innovative proneness and experience in rose cultivation, which has together contributed 75.80 per cent of the total variation in the management efficiency of the rose growers. 5. DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECT OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES ON MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY OF THE ROSE GROWERS Participation in training programme of the respondents was the key variable in exerting considerably direct and substantial effect on management efficiency. Education and scientific orientation were the major traits in determination of management efficiency through positive indirect effect. Whereas, age of the respondents is only character which negatively and indirectly influenced on management efficiency. 6. CONSTRAINTS FACED BY THE ROSE GROWERS REGARDING VARIOUS ASPECTS OF ROSE PRODUCTION The most important constraints faced by the rose growers regarding various aspects of rose cultivation were: Fluctuation in prices of roses, non-availability of labours for various rose cultivation practices, high cost of inputs, commission rates of agents very high, weed problem, high cost of transportation, lack of technical guidance at proper time, natural calamites/flood and lack of marketing facility near by village.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF AGE OF SEEDLINGS, ORGANIC MANURES AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF TRANSPLANTED KHARIF RICE {Oryza sativa L.) UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 2010) SHANKARBHAI, PATEL ASHVINKUMAR; Patel, J. J.An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station for Irrigated Crops, Anand Agricultural University, Thasra, Dist. Kheda (Gujarat) during two consecutive kharif season of the year 2006 and 2007 with a view to study the "Effect of Age of seedlings, Organic manures and Nitrogen levels on productivity of transplanted kharif Rice {Oryza sativa L) under Middle Gujarat conditions". The experiment consisted of twenty treatment combinations comprised of two age of seedlings A1 (10 to 12 days old seedling) and A2 (25 to 30 days old seedling), five levels of organic manures Mi (No organic manure), M2 (FYM 10 t ha-1), M3 (Vermicompost 2 t ha-1), M4 (FYM 10 tha-1 + Bio fertilizer) and M5 (Vermicompost 2 t ha-1 + Bio fertilizer) and two nitrogen levels Ni(75 kg Nha-1) and N2 (100 kg Nha-1).The field experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. The soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam in texture having good drainage capacity. It was low in organic carbon and nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The results revealed that age of seedling significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes viz., periodical plant height, dry matter production (except, 30 DATP), av.number of effective tillers plant-1 av.number of panicles m-2, av. panicle length, panicle weight, av.number of grains panicle-1 and test weight. These attributes were the highest under the treatment A1 (10 to 12 days old seedling) as compared to the treatment A2 (25 to 30 days old seedling). Grain and straw yields were significantly affected due to age of seedling. Treatment A1 (10 to 12 days old seedling) registered significantly the highest grain and straw yield (5287 and 7767 kgha-1) as compared to treatment A2 (25 to 30 days old seedling). The per cent increase in grain and straw yield under treatment Ai (10 to 12 days old seedling) was to the tune of 2.86 and 6.21 % respectively. Amylase content, N, P, K uptake in grain and straw and available phosphorus recorded significantly the highest under the treatment Ai (10 to 12 days old seedling) as compared to treatment A2 (25 to 30 days old seedling).ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL POPULATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS ZOONOTIC SIGNIFICANCE(AAU, Anand, 2010) PARMAR, BHUPENDRA C.; Brahmbhatt, M. N.The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterise Mycobacteria from various clinical specimens of human beings, animals and from environment. Microbiological examination of 600 samples (150 from human, 400 from animals and 50 from environment) was carried out to study the prevalence of Mycobacteria. Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated during the study period from various specimens of animals and human, viz. milk 18 (out of 148) and nose swabs 40 ( out of 252) from cattle; throat swab 1 (out of 24), nose swab 6 (out of 62) and sputum 6 (out of 64) samples from human. However, no non- tuberculous Mycobacteria {Mycobacterium forttiitum) were isolated from soil and water during the study period. All these clinical isolates of Mycobacteria were subjected to Z-N staining. Biochemical tests, viz. Catalase test. Niacin detection. Nitrate reduction, Pyrazinamidase activity and T2CH (Thiophene- 2- carboxyllic acid hydrazide) and PCR (Polymerase chain reaction). Single intradermal test (tuberculin test) was carried out in 260 animals of LRS and HF farm. Among these, 42 cattle were found positive for tuberculin test. From 42 tuberculin positive and 218 tuberculin negative cattle, 37 and 21 isolates, respectively, of Mycobacterium bovis were recovered. Single intradermal test (Mantoux test) was carried out on 50 human beings, none was found positive for Tuberculosis; eventhough 13 isolates oiMycobacterium tuberculosis were recovered. The results of this investigation indicated that the frequency of occurrence of organism was higher in the cattle (81.69 %) than the human (18.31 %); frequency of occurrence was higher in exotic cattle (37.29 %) than indigenous cattle (1.41 %). In man, the frequency of occurrence of organism was higher in the males (11.11 %) than the females (0 %). Among cattle; females are more susceptible than males. Among the various clinical specimens collected, 64.80 per cent isolates of Mycobacteria were from nose swab, followed by milk (25.50 %), sputum (8.50 %) and throat swab (1.20 %). Enviroimiental screening of the soil and water yielded zero isolate of Mycobacteria. It was concluded that, the overall prevalence of tuberculosis was higher in animals as compared to human and environment. Exotic cattle are more susceptible to tuberculosis than indigenous cattle. Single intradermal test (tuberculin test) is useful for the detection of primary infection of tuberculosis, but it is not important in human for detection of tuberculosis. Biochemical tests, viz. Catalase test. Niacin detection. Nitrate reduction, Pyrazinamidase activity and T2CH (Thiophene 2 carboxyllic acid hydrazide) are effective for differentiation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. All the isolates of Mycobacteria were screened for PCR for the presence of genes viz. p34 for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and hupB for differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis using specific primers. Being a less expensive and easily available mediimi, LJ medivmi with or without sodium pyruvate can be recommended for the routine microbiological work in the microbiology and public health laboratories for the study of prevalence of tuberculosis in human and animal population.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF KHARIF CROPS ON THE NUTRIENTS ECONOMY IN SUCCEEDING WHEAT CROP(AAU, 2010) Usadadiya, Vrajdas P.; Dr. R. H. PatelThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF KHARIF CROPS ON THE NUTRIENTS ECONOMY IN SUCCEEDING WHEAT CROP(AAU, 2010) Usadadiya, Vrajdas P.; Dr. R. H. PatelThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF INTERCROPPING AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE(AAU, 2010) Shah, Sanjaykumar N.; Dr. R. H. PatelThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SPACINGS AND INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GREEN COB YIELD AND QUALITY OF SWEET CORN (Zea mays saccharata sturt)(AAU, 2010) Patel, CHIRAGKUMAR NATVARBHAI; Dr. A. C. SadhuThesisItem Open Access TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF RICE FARMS UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL GUJARAT(AAU, 2010) ANURADHA, NARALA; Dr. Y. C. Zala