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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA, PATHOTYPE 2, ON FENNEL(AAU, Anand, 1995) Patel, Pankajkumar B.; Patel, D. J.Experiments on root-knot nematode,. Meloidogyne javanica , Pathotype 2 affecting fennel were conducted to study i, Pathogenicity of M. javanica , Pathotype 2 to determine threshold level in terms of plant growth characters and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S nutrients by plants, ii, biochemical changes induced by nematode infection in the crop, ill, histopathological studies to know host-parasite relationship and iv, effect of nematode infection on seed germination, plant growth and crop yield during 1994-95. The salient findings are : i, An inoculum level of 100 J2/plant and above was detrimental to the growth and development of fennel cv. PF 35. Root, soil and total nematode population/plant significantly increased progressively with an increase in nematode population from 10 to 10,000 J2/plant. Nematode reproduction rate was maximum (76.70) in the level of 10 J2/plant and minimum (3.22) in 10,000 J2/plant. ii, Biochemical changes induced by nematode feeding on fennel roots indicated that roots inoculated with 10, 100, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 J2/plant had significantly less peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and total phenol content over control-uninoculated plant roots. ill, Histopathological studies revealed that after invasion, second stage larvae penetrated the epidermal cells and migrated both inter and intracellularly and anchored to the vascular tissues. Giant cells consisted of uneven thickened, unbroken walls, dense cytoplasm and clusters of nuclei. Pathological reaction included abnormal xylem located in the vascular tissues. All nematode stages were found inside the root tissues feeding on vascular region. The healthy tissue showed no change in epidermal cells and cortex region of roots, iv, Study on effect of M. .iavanica. Pathotype 2 on seed germination and plant growth development and root-knot index on fennel cv. PF 35 indicated that nematode infested soil significantly reduced fennel seed germination, plant height, fresh shoot and root weights by 12.30, 29.60, 3.98 and 17.09 % respectively over control-steam sterilized soil. Infested soil had 116.30 % increased root-knot index over control. V, Inoculation of M. javanica, Pathotype 2 at 2000 J2/kg soil significantly decreased plant height and grain yield of fennel cv. PF 35 by 19.83 and 26.51% respectively, while root-knot index and reproduction rate were significantly increased by 59.01 and 58.88 % respectively over control-steam sterilized soil. vi, Application of Dazoraet (Basamid 98 G @ 1 g/pot) significantly increased plant height and grain yield of fennel cv. PF 35 by 18.61 and 36.09 % respectively and root-knot index has significantly, reduced by 59.01 % due to Dazomet application over control-no nematicidal treatment.ThesisItem Open Access CROP WEATHER RELATIONSHIPS AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF Helicoverpa armigera IN TWO PIGEON PEA (Cajanus cajan L.) CULTIVARS IN MIDDLE GUJARAT AGROCLIMATIC REGION(AAU, Anand, 1996) RAVIPATI, MAHENDRA KUMAR; Savani, M. B.Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan L.) is one of the major grain legume crop in tropical and sub - tropical regions of India and grown mainly as rainfed crop. The crop is characterised as drought resistant and the productivity is different in different environments. Since the effects of weather on yield are complex, the deep and clear understanding of the effect of weather parameters on the growth and development of pigeonpea is necessary. An experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of the, year 1994 at Anand to study the crop-weather relationship and crop-weather-pest dynamics in two cvs.BDN-2 and GT-100 of pigeonpea. The field experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The treatments comprised of two irrigation levels, two plant protection levels, two varieties, and three dates of sowing. The results obtained during the course of investigation revealed that weather played significant role in growth, development and yield of pigeonpea. The variations in days taken to complete the different phenophases among the different dates of sowing were attributed due to the variations in temperature and photoperiod. The number of days required for the completion of any phenophase was declined with increase in the temperature and photoperiod. The yield and yield attributes were significantly influenced by irrigation and dates of sowing. The grain yield, biomass, and number of pods per plant were observed more in D1 than in D2, and D3. Grain yield, biomass, and number of pods per plant declined with the application of irrigation. The irrigated crop puts up more biomass initially but it was declined considerably than in unirrigated crop in the later phases due to heavy attack of the larvae of Helicoverpa. The different agrometeorological indices like GDD, PTU and HTU has positive and significant correlation with days taken for the completion of the different phenopases, eccept for the phenophase P4. The thermal time (GDD) has highly significant correlations with days taken for different phenophases. Functional relations were developed to predict the number of days required for different phenophases in both the cultivars BDN-2 and GT-100. The leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) were found to be influenced by irrigation and sowing time. The crop sown in D1 maintained more LAI and CGR in both the cultivars, compared to D2 and D3, The decline in the values of LAI and CGR during flowering phase in both the cultivars was due to heavy infestation of Helicoverpa. The radiation use efficiency (RUE), on seasonal basis was found to be high in rainfed crop compared to irrigated crop. The RUE was high in D1 sown crop, and was declined in the delayed sowings. The RUE was found high in cv.GT-100 compared to cv.BDN-2. Functional relations were developed to estimate the near surface soil moisture content under developing conopics of pigeonpea using remotely sensed canopy and air temperatures, and the LAI. A linear relationship was observed between evapotranspiration and canopy-air temperature differential. The relation was found closely related, when the variations due to energy load was accounted. The populations of the eggs and larvae of the Helicoverpa were found to be highest in first date of sowing (D1) both at 50% flowering and 50% podding phases compared to D2 and D3. The cultivar GT-100 was found more succeptible to Helicoverpa due to the early flowering character than cv.BDN- 2. The larval population of Helicoverpa in pigeonpea was found significantly correlated with air temperature, vapour pressure and pan evaporation.ThesisItem Open Access BIOLOGY, POPULATION DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA HUBNER ON IMPORTANT HOST CROPS IN MIDDLE GUJARAT(AAU, Anand, 1993) Mehta, D. M.; Patel, J. R.Investigations on biology, population dynamics and control of H. armigera on important host crops were carried out during 1990-91 and 1991-92 at the Department of Entomology, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand. The effect of larval food was not observed on egg period but larval period was affected. The larval period was shortest on lucerne (Medicaso sativa L.) leaves and longest on chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) leaves. The maximum and minimum larval survival for both the sexes was . on chickpea pods and chickpea leaves respectively. it was reflected on growth index. The pupal duration on chickpea pods was short. The pupae obtained by rearing the H. armigera larvae on lucerne leaves and chickpea pods were big in size and pupation was very shallow. The adults obtained from lucerne leaves had long oviposition period and high fecundity. The life span for both the sexes was longest onchickpea leaves followed by tomato fruits, pigeonpea pods, tomato leaves, chickpea pods and lucerne leaves. The studies on population dynamics of H. armigera on various crops, weeds, medicinal and ornamental plants revealed ovipositional and larval activity during July to April. The correlation of various abiotic factors with U- armigera activity on pigeonpea showed negative correlation between egg density and soil temperature. Negative and positive association of minimum temperature, vapour pressure and soil temperature was observed with oviposition on tomato and lucerne, respectivly. On pigeonpea and chickpea larval activity was more influenced by soil temperature, whereas, on lucerne minimum temperature, vapour pressure, and soil temperature influence was observed. Considerable activity of an egg parasitoid Trichogramma spp. was found in the fields of tomato, tobacco and pigeonpea in middle Gujarat during October to December. Preliminary studies on resistance in 21 genotypes and 3 local cultivars of tomato to H. armigera revealed low damage to unriped fruits of Karnataka and Mangala and riped fruits of SL 120, F24C8 and Piersol. Karnataka and Mangala had higher marketable fruit yield than others. The degree of fruit damage by H. armigera was positively related with total soluble sugar and negatively with ascorbic acid. Low ovicidal and high ovipositional deterrent effect of neem seed kernel suspension and margoside was found against H. armigera. The spray application of these two botanicals alone as well as combinations with endosulfan at lower concentration gave effective protection to tomato fruits by preventing the larval activity of H. armigera and gave considerably higher marketable fruit yield. The spray application of neem seed kernel suspension with endosulfan had highest increase in yield and avoided 69.33% loss in marketable fruit yield. The residue of endosulfan in/on tomato fruits was quite below the tolerance limit prescribed by FAO/WHO when tomato crop was sprayed with a mixture of endosulfan 0.035% and neem seed kernel suspension (3%). Among the various recommended insecticides, fenvalerate (0.01%) showed quick and high toxicity to H. armigera larvae. The larvae fed on lucerne had higher susceptibility to all the recommended insecticides than the larvae fed on pigeonpea and chickpea.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, GENETIC ADVANCE, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN GRAM (Cicer arietinum L.)(1998) Viswanathan, Aparna; Shukla, P. T.Seed yield is the most economical trait in chickpea, which is a manifestation of many yield contributing characters of the plant. In a breeding programme for improvement of yield, knowledge about variability, type and extent of correlation between yield and other traits can help in selecting the desirable genotypes. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to estimate variability, genetical parameters, genotypic and phenotypic correlation as well as direct and indirect effects of different characters on seed yield in chickpea. The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design with three replications at the Agronomy Farm of B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during 1996-97. The experimental material comprised of 40 genotypes including checks. Observations were recorded on plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, internode length, number of leaves, number of stipules, petiole length, number of leaflets, size of leaflets, girth of stem, root length, root girth, number of pods/plant, size of pod, number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight and seed yield/plant. The study revealed that significant genotypic differences existed for all the characters. The variability study showed that the material possessed large magnitude of variation for most of the characters. The genotypic coefficient of variation was high for 100 seed weight, seed yield/plant and size of pod, whereas, for remaining characters it was moderate to low. Broad sense heritability was high for number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, size of pod, number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant while moderate to low heritability estimates were recorded for the rest of the characters. High genetic advance was exhibited by 100 seed weight, size of pod, seed yield/plant, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod. For remaining characters the genetic advance ranged from low to moderate. Heritability alongwith genetic advance impart better approach for effective selection. Variability study indicated that selection could be effective for number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight, size of pod and number of seeds/pod. In general the genotypic correlation were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlation. Study of correlation revealed that selection made on the basis of more number of seeds/pod, more seed weight as well as smaller root length would be helpful for increasing the seed yield. Path analysis indicated that in selection programme aiming to improve seed yield in chickpea more weightage should be given to number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 100 seed weight.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECTIVENESS OF FORTNIGIHTLY TRAINING CONDUCTED UNDER T AND V SYSTEM AT ANAND SUB DIVISION OF KHEDA DISTRICT IN GUJARAT STATE(1997) Patel, Dinesh K.; Trivedi, J. C.Training in India was as old as the Community Development Programme in the country. A vast infrastructure was created and developed for this purpose. It catered training to different categories of development functionaries from Gramsevak to the Development Commissioners. The basic feature of T & V system of agricultural extension is a systematic programme of training for the Village Extension Workers (VEWs) and Agricultural Extension Officers (AEOs), consider with frequent visits to farmer's field. VEWs and AEOs are working at grassroots level for diffusion of information in farming community. The system is organised to give the training to VEWs and AEOs every fortnight. The fortnightly training is the most important training for VEWs and AEOs. The goal of fortnightly training sessions is to make the VEWs a "subject matter specialists" on the few points of particular relevance and importance to farmers in his circle during the coming fortnight. Considering the importance of fortnightly training the present study was undertaken to know effectiveness of fortnightly training conducted under T & V system at Anand sub-division of Kheda district in Gujarat State.ThesisItem Open Access FARM TELECAST VIEWING BEHAVIOUR OF TV OWNING FARMERS OF SANTRAMPUR TALUKA OF PANCHMAHALS DISTRICT OF GUJARAT STATE(AAU, Anand, 1996) DANI, R. K.; PATEL, B. B.Information plays an immense role in our society and its large scale dissemination through highly perfected communication media constitute one of the striking development of our time. The present agricultural strategy in India calls for speedy dissemination of agricultural information and technological knowledge to the farming community. The fast changing agricultural technology demands for more and more information to be transmitted to ever increasing volume of clientele. Mass media like radio, television and printed material have been considered as the important tools to communicate farm message to the farmers. Television due to its mass nature promises to satisfy the informational needs of the mass in general and farmer in particular. Agricultural information is disseminated to the farmers through farm telecast.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON THE EXTENT OF ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED WEEDICIDE PRACTICES IN TRANSPLANTED KHARIF RICE BY THE RICE GROWERS IN KHEDA DISTRICT OF GUJARAT STATE(AAU, Anand, 1993) Padhi, Kshetra Mohan; TRIVEDI, J. C.Rice is one of the most important food crops of our country. Even with the advancement in the field of agriculture, our goal of self sufficiency in food grain production is yet not achieved. The low yield of rice under Indian condition can be attributed to a wide variety of factors. Among them weed infestation in rice crop is a serious factor. Till recently, weeds were largely controlled in the country through manual operations. Due to increasing cost of labour, the severity of weed competition adding to the limitations of an effective weed control in the conventional practices, the use of weedicides in all possibilities is very likely to become increasingly popular.Hence, the present study entitled A study on the extent of adoption of recommended weedicide practices in transplanted kharif rice by the rice growers in Kheda district of Gujarat State “was carried out.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PAPADS MADE FROM BANANA BLENDED WITH EDIBLE FLOURS(AAU, Anand, 1997) PATEL, P. M.; SIRIPURAPU, S. C. B.Banana is the most important fruit crop of the world. India is the largest producer of banana. Shorter shelf life of matured banana under tropical atmosphere is resulting in distress sales and wastage of fruits in peak season. Papad is a traditional savory food commodity of India which had gained importance in national and international markets in recent years. Looking to the importance of banana to Indian food processing industry, studies were conducted to develop an acceptable dried long lasting product in the form of papad from basarai banana (Dwarf cavendish), the largest grown cultivar in India and Gujarat, blended with edible flours. Primary studies were conducted on mashed cooked pulp of peeled banana blended papads with four different types of precooked edible flours viz. ragajara, singoda, sago and rice, in two different proportions. On the basis of results of sensory evaluation of primary blend papads, the studies were conducted on blends of peeled banana with rice flour in different proportions to determine optimum proportion of rice in the blend. On the basis of sensory evaluation results, three different treatments of banana rice papads in proportions of peeled banana: rice flour T1 (67:33), T2 (62:38), T3 (59:41) and one treatment of sago blended banana papad T4 (87:13) were studied in detaU along with a control sample of rice papad with respect to physical, chemical. frying and sensory qualities of raw and fried samples of fresh and samples stored for two months. Among the various unit operations involved in preparing banana blended papads during JBnal treatments, maximum time was required for the drying of papad (225-240 min). The range of physical properties of fresh banana blended papads were 8.3-12.8 cm for average diameter, 0.48-1.40 mm for average thickness and 3.75 to 14.36 g for average weights. Variations around 5% in diameter and below 0.3 mm in thickness were observed in the measurements taken at two different locations on the papad. Physical characteristics were found within the limits of control sample of rice papad and were close to limits specified in ISI standards. No effect of storage was observed on physical properties studied under present investigation. Linear models, developed to interrelate the physical properties of banana blended papads, are indicating an increase in the density of rice-banana blended papad mix with the increase in rice proportion. Among the chemical characteristics, HLC. of fresh banana blended papads varied between 7.81 and 9.13% (w.b.). Although it was not within the limits of ISI specification, but very close to control sample i.e. of rice papads. pH, total ash, acid insoluble ash and alkalinity of ash of fresh banana blended papads were found to be within the limits of the prescribed ISI standards and were varying with the type of ingredient and its proportion in the papad mix. There was decrease in m.c., pH and alkalinity of ash and increase in total ash and acid insoluble ash with storage. However, chemical characteristics were found to be within prescribed ISI standards even after 2 months storage. Changes in the physical properties of papad due to frying i.e. frying properties were affected by the proportion and type of ingredient flour. Percent changes in diameter, thickness and weight of papad due to frying were maximum in control sample i.e. rice papad followed by treatment T3 and were lowest in sago blend, treatment T4. The expansion/increase in diameter, thickness and weight of fresh samples of Treatment T3 i.e. maximum rice blended banana papads was 13.5%, 95.2% and 9.36% respectively and was close to control sample. In all these parameters changes due to frying increased with increase in storage period. Sensory qualities like colour, appearance, texture, flavour and taste of raw and fried papads of fresh and stored samples were evaluated by a panel of judges on a ten point scale. Sensory evaluation of fresh samples of banana blended papads indicated T3 as the best treatment and comparable to control samples of rice papads with scores more than 8.0 on a ten point scale for various sensory attributes of raw and fried papads. Sago blended banana papad treatment T4 was rated poorest among all the four treatments. Sensory scores of raw papad changed slightly due to storage but T3 was comparable to rice papad even after 2 months storage. Both 300 and 400 gauge HDPE bags were found suitable for storage of banana blended rice/sago flour papads. However 400 gauge bags were found to be better for storage of banana-edible flour blended papads, with respect to moisture clianges and sensory attributes. From the results obtained in the present investigations, it can be concluded that papads can be successfully prepared from blending of cooked rice flour with mashed pulp of cooked peeled banana of basarai cultivar (Dwarf cavendish) following traditional process of preparing rice papads in this region, with proportions of peeled banana : rice flour of 59:41 and can be stored safely upto a minimum of two months in 300 or 400 gauge HDPE bags at ambient conditions with acceptable sensory attributes.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN PANCREATIC JUICE AND DUODENAL FLUID OF COW CALVES AND BUFFALO CALVES FROM BERTH TO EARLY RUMINANT STAGE(AAU, Anand, 1996) Christi, K. S.; VADODARIA, V. P.Healthy 22 calves (10 cow calves; 12 buffalo calves) maintained at Veterinary college, Anand, with an objective of establishing physico-biochemical profile of pancreatic juice and duodenal fluid from birth to fifteen week of age were studied in relation to different physiological factors like age, feeding and diurnal variations. There is no report of research work carried out simultaneously both in cow calves and buffalo calves as well as on panoreatic juice and duodenal fluid at same age, feeding schedule and for diurnal variations in various parameters. The research data were classified and tested with the help of standard statistical procedures. Work on buffalo calves has not been found reported fluid, therefore the present work provides the basic informations for future research endeavor.