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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF EPIPLEURAL AND VISCERAL PROCAINE BLOCKADE IN PRIMARY INDIGESTION CASES OF BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)(AAU, Anand, 1991) Shah, Dharmendra A.; Parsania, R. R.The cases admitted to Veterinary College Hospital, Anand and Ambulatory Clinic centres at Chikhodra, Gamdi and Bedva villages were studied and 50 oases of primary indigestion were selected for therapeutic trials. The cases were grossly diagnoses on the basis of history, clinical findings and faecal sample examination. These 50 animals were divided equally into five treatment trial groups via., (a) epipleural procaine blockade (b) viscera procaine blockade (c) conventional method supplemented with epipleural procaine blockade (d) conventional method supplement with visceral procaine blockade and (e) conventional method onl Clinical observations regarding overall behaviour of the animal, its expression, ruminal motility, heart rate, respiratiorate and rectal temperature were studied before and 48 hours aft the treatment in all the five groups of buffaloes. Haematologica parameters (Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and DLC), biochemical parameters (blood glucose and BUN) and rumen fluid analysis (colour, odour, pH, protozoal motility and total volatile fatty acids concentrate were also studied before and 48 hours after the treatment. However, in all the parameters, the changes were found non-significant and remained within their normal physiological limits. Depending upon the efficacy and the rapidity with which the cases got cured, the present study has definately indicated that the procaine blockade was better than the conventional treatment. Among procaine blockades also, the visceral procaine blockade was found to be superior and practical method having wide field applicability. The present study was restricted to fifty clinical cases of primary indigestion only. But looking to the results achieved this visceral procaine blockade can be employed in more number of cases and also in variety of conditions, which may throw a light on some hidden efficacy of the same. So, further study is needed for better understanding of the blockade and i t s wide sprea uses in veterinary practices.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SMALL INTESTINAL VIABILITY BY INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF FLUORESCEIN DYE IN BUFFALO CALVES(AAU, Anand, 1988) TANK, PRAFULCHANDRA H.; Parsania, R. R.The present study was carried out on 12 buffalo calves of 8 to 12 months in age. In each calf, two types of vascular obstructions viz., Ischemic strangulation obstruction (ISO) and Haemorrhagic strangulation obstruction (HSO) were created by clamping 30-35 on segment of jajumum with its associated arteries and veins, and only veins, respectively. Animals were randomly divided into three groups of four animals each, according to the duration of ischemia viz., 1, 3 and 6 hours. The viability of intestinal segments were evaluated grosely by standard clinical criteria (SCC), fluorescein dye injection, morbid angiography and histopathologically at the end of specific occlusion period.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICOPATHOLOGIC EVALUATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN BUFFALO CALVES(AAU, Anand, 1988) Barvalia, Devshibhai R.; Parsania, R. R.The experiment was undertaken in buffalo calves to study the clinicopathology of E. coli LPS induced arthritis and to evaluate therapeutic utility of intra-articular dexamethesone. The study was carried out on 12 buffalo calves divided into two equal groups (Group I & II). Arthritis of left knee joint was successfully induced in all the animals by intra-articular administration of E.coli LPS at the dose rate of 0.4µg/kg body weight. Group I sarved as control and no treatment was given. In group II, 4 mg of dexamethasone was administered intra-articularly, 5 minutes after E.coli LPS injection. All the animals were observed for 96 hours.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON BALANCED ANAESTHESIA USING BUTORPHANOL - ACEPROMAZINE - GLYCOPYRROLATE (BAG) AS PREANAESTHETIC TO KETAMINE - DIAZEPAM, KETAMINE -MIDAZOLAM, PROPOFOL AND ISOFLURANE MAINTENANCE IN CANINES(AAU, Anand, 2010) KAVECHIYA, VIPULKUMAR PRAHLADBHAI; BARVALIA, D. R.A clinical study, on 36 dogs of either sex allotted to six groups of six animals in each, was undertaken to evaluate sedative effect of BAG - Butorphanol, Acepromazine and Glycopyrrolate @ 0.2, 0.04 and 0.01 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, as a combination administered intramuscularly. Induction was carried out using Diazepam @ 0.28 mg/kg b.wt. and Ketamine @ 5 mg/kg b. wt. mixture in KDK (I) and KDI (II) groups, Midazolam @ 0.28 mg/kg b.wt. and Ketamine @ 5 mg/kg b.wt. mixture in KMK (III) and KMl (IV) groups and Propofol @ 5 mg/kg b.wt. in PP (V) and PI (VI) groups intravenously (IV) about 15 min. after premedication with BAG. The maintenance of anaesthesia was carried out with ketamine (0.25 mg/kg/min.) in ketamine-diazepam and ketamine-midazolam induction for KDK and KMK groups. Animals of similar induction groups were also maintained with isoflurane in KDI and KMI groups. In propofol induction, propofol (0.4 mg/kg/min.) and isoflurane were used as maintenance agent in PP and PI groups. Anaesthesia was induced in overnight fasted and preanaesthetically evaluated dogs 15 min. after premedication over a period of 90 sec. in ketamine combination groups and over 90-120 sec. time in propofol groups. Onset of sedative effect of preanaesthesia, induction quality and time of intubation were recorded in all animals. Optimum doses for desired effect were also recorded for preanaesthesia, induction and maintenance in all animals. Different clinical parameters related to anaesthesia, recovery times, vital signs and complication, if any, were recorded at 15 min. after preanaesthesia (AP), 0 min. (at induction), 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. inclusive of commencement of induction in all groups. Different haematological and biochemical parameters were studied at 0 min. (normal), 15 and 30 min. post induction in all cases. Cost of preanaesthesia, induction and maintenance were calculated for all cases. Postoperative pain managmant was achieved using meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg b.wt.) for 5 days after operation. All the animals showed profound signs of sedation without any complications. Combination mixture (BAG) also masked the adverse effects of opioid in preanaesthesia. Lower dose of acepromazine seem to be safe for older dogs also. Induction of anaesthesia was smooth and satisfactory without any complications, however it was comparatively faster in propofol and ketaminemidazolam groups than ketamine-diazepam. Time for induction and endotracheal intubation was also less in propofol and ketamine-midazolam induction than ketamine-diazepam. In all six groups, mean pulse rate per minute showed a nonsignificant decrease at 15 minutes after preanaesthesia. At the time of induction and after induction, mean pulse rate showed significant increase in KDK, KDI and KMK groups and nonsignificant increase in KMI, PP and PI groups. Mean Sp02 values showed nonsignificant decrease after preanaesthesia and followed by increase in all groups. However, increase was observed in animals of isoflurane maintenance groups. Respiratory rate showed nonsignificant changes through out the period of anaesthesia. Same way the rectal temperature decreased gradually but nonsignificantly in all groups. Mean blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, mean) showed nonsignificant decrease after preanaesthesia in all groups there after increased nonsignificantly in ketamine maintenance groups but remained in normal range in all groups. There was nonsignificant increase in AST and ALT values in all groups but minor increase in PP, PI, KDI and KMI groups. BUN and creatinine values decreased nonsignificantly in all groups but minor decrese in PP, PI, KDI and KMI groups. Blood glucose concentration showed nonsignificant increase in all groups whereas the total protein concentration were decreased nonsignificantly in all groups. TEC decreased nonsignificantly in PP and PI groups whereas there was nonsignificant increase in all other groups. TLC, haemoglobin and PCV decreased in all groups however was nonsignificant. In DLC, neutrophils increased and lymphocytes decreased nonsignificantly in all groups. The changes in monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were not significant. Recovery characteristics like recovery start time, time for response to pin prick, head raising time, sternal recumbency time, stand unassisant time and resume to feeding or watering time were significantly decreased in PP and PI groups. The cost of propofol and ketamine-midazolam inductions were significantly higher as compared to ketamine-diazepam. Maintenance cost of anaesthesia with isoflurane and propofol were cheaper as compared to ketamine. Meloxicam provided optimum postoperative pain relief All the protocols were competitively effective having no adverse effects on animals. Propofol in combination with isoflurane for maintenance in BAG premedicated group was cheaper and the safest protocol.ThesisItem Open Access SCREENING OF BOVINE URINE FOR INHIBITORS OF CRYSTALLIZATION A SURVEY WORK(AAU, Anand, 1983) BAROT, JAYENDRASINH D.; Mannari, M. N.The present study was conducted in the animals belonging to 8 villages of 3 different districts with known incidence of urolithiasis. From these villages 552 urine samples were subjected to the test for presence or absence of inhibitors of crystallization of calcium oxalate. Out of these, crystallization on glass fibre was noticed in 73 animals from 1 to 3 hours which indicated that these animals were prone to stone formation. Out of these, 69 were bullocks and 9 buffaloes, Amongst 13 bullocks which had a definite known history of urolithiasis, 12 proved to be positive for stone formation. Fifty-four urine samples of those animals which were found positive during screening, were further analysed quantitatively for calcium, magnesium and sodium levels. A similar number of urine samples from non-stone-formers were also subjected to above analysis to know the significant difference. A significant increase in calcium levels was evident in the urine of stone-formers. The other two electrolytes did not show any significant variations. The analysis of fodder fed to these animals did not show any significant relation between the feeding practices and stone formation. However, a definite association existed between the type of soil and stone formation, with particular reference to the calcium levels in the soil. The analysis of water from all the sources available to these animals did not show any variation in their different constituents indicating that the water did not play any major role in causing stone formation.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON RETROGRADE INTRAVENOUS. INTRAOSSEOUS AND ANTERIOR EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA OF HIND-LIMBS IN CATTLE(AAU, Anand, 1983) MUDRIS, KAMALAKAR K.; Tadkod, D. M.A comparative study on 3 different anaesthetic techniques namely retrograde intravenous, regrograde intraosseous and anterior epidural anaesthesia was conducted in 18 adult cattle. These animals were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each and in each group 12 trials of different regional anaesthetic techniques mentioned above were carried out. In addition to this tourniquet ishaemia was created in 4 animals which served as control for the first two groups.ThesisItem Open Access B-Mode Ocular Ultrasonography in Dogs and Horses(AAU, Anand, 2012) Kumar, Dharmendra; PARIKH, P. V.The present clinical study entitled "B-Mode Ocular Ultrasonography in Dogs and Horses" was undertaken in 135 dogs (4 months -15 years) and 50 horses (1-15 years) of either sex from 01st April, 2011 to 31st March, 2012 at university clinic, Anand. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the normal and affected eyes was done using linear transducer (7.5-18 MHz) by transcomeal (129 dogs) and transpalpebral (six dogs) approaches. In 50 horses ocular ultrasonography (US) was performed by transpalpebral approach. In all animals corneal anesthesia was achieved with proparacaine HCl 0.5% instilled directly on cornea. Age wise distribution of canine cases revealed maximum incidence of ophthalmic affections in the age group of 5-10 years (39.26%, 53) followed by 10-15 years (28.89%, 39), 1-5 years (22.22%, 30) and 0-1 years (9.63%, 13). Breed wise ophthalmic affections were maximum in Pomeranian (59.26%, 80) followed by Labrador retriever (13.33%, 18), German shepherd (11.11%, 15), Beagle (5.18%, 7), Dalmatian, Golden retriever (2.96%, 4 in each), Doberman (2.22%, 3), Lhasa apso (1.48%, 2), Boxer and Pug (0.74%, 1 each). Sex wise distribution showed more affections in male (57.03%, 77) than females (42.97%, 58). Age wise distribution of equine cases revealed maximum ophthalmic affections in 5-10 years (36%, 18) followed by 10-15 years (30%, 15), 1-5 years (24%, 12) and 0-1 years (10%), 05). Breed wise incidence of ophthalmic affections was maximum in Kathiawadi and Marwari horses (40%, 20 each) followed by Sindhi (20%, 10). Sex wise distribution showed more affections in females (54%, 27) than males (46%, 23). In dogs and horses different ophthalmic parameters like anterior chamber depth, anterio-posterior depth of the lens, latero-medial diameter of the lens, vitreous depth and axial length were studied according to age, sex, breed, left and right eyes and normal and abnormal eyes. Different parameters of eye increased in dogs of age group greater than five years than 0-1 year. Parameters of eye like anterior chamber depth, vitreous depth and axial length were significantly longer in male dogs than female. Whereas anterioposterior depth and latero-medial diameter of the lens differed non significantly. According to breed, anterior chamber depth and latero-medial diameter of lens differed nonsignificantly, but anterio-posterior depth of the lens in Dalmatian and German shepherd differed significantly. Axial length in Dalmatian differed significantly than German shepherd and Labrador retriever. An insignificant difference was observed for different parameters between left and right eyes. In normal and abnormal eyes, anterior chamber depth differed nonsignificantly, but all other parameters like anterio-posterior depth of the lens, latero-medial diameter of the lens, vitreous depth and axial length differed significantly. Among types of canine cataracts, different ophthalmic parameters differed non significantly in 5-10 years age group, but all the eye parameters in morgagnian cataract differed significantly fi-om immature, mature and hypermature cataracts in 10-15 years of age group. Out of 50 horses, five were of 0-1 year age group, 12 of 1-5 years, 18 of 5-10 years and 15 of 10-15 years. Anterior chamber depth, anterio-posterior depth of the lens, latero-medial diameter of the lens, vitreous depth and axial length increased with age. Different parameters of eyes in male and female, breed, left and right eye and normal and affected eyes varied non significantly. In dogs ophthalmic affections like cataract, luxation of lens, vitreous degeneration and (RD) were diagnosed. Secondary luxation of lens was seen in five cases of which two had anterior luxation and rest posterior luxation. Detached vitreous revealed multicurved lines with different varying reflectors in 18 dogs; of which, four dogs had bilateral vitreous degeneration and in the rest (14) unilateral. Vitreal syneresis was observed in one dog. Vitreous degeneration was more in males than females. Fourteen cases of RD were diagnosed on US, of which five cases were in Pomeranian, with bilateral involvement in one case; four cases in Labrador retriever with bilateral involvement in two cases, one case each in Pug, Beagle, Golden retriever and German shepherd. In four cases close- close type of RD was found and in nine cases open-close type. In horse, five cases of RD were diagnosed, of which four were Kathiawadi and one Marwari. All cases revealed open-close type of RD. Eight horses diagnosed with Setaria eye worm in anterior chamber (6 cases) and vitreous body (2 cases). Thus ultrasonography is a safe and non-invasive method which can be used m diagnosis of ocular disorders as complementary to routine ophthalmic examinations in dogs and horses. Further this study established ocular echobiometry dimensions for certain breeds of dogs and horses bred in India.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (DMSO) IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA IN CALVES(AAU, Anand, 1993) Garara, Shailesh V.; Jani, B. M.The experiment was conducted on twelve 6 to 12 months old cow calves to judge the nature and extent of reperfusion injury after intestinal ischemia and to evaluate protective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), All the animals were subjected to one complete and one incomplete ischemic strangulation obstruction (ISO) of about 25 cm jejunal segments for the duration of 6 hours. After 6 hours of ischemia, reperfusion of the intestinal segments was established by releasing the vascular obstructions. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups (Group A and B), The animals of Group A served as control ones and no treatment was carried out at the time of reperfusion, while animals of Group B were given 20 per cent DMSO solution in normal saline intravenously at the rate of 2 g/kg body weight at the time of reperfusion. The protective effect of DMSO was ascertained by evaluating standard clinical criteria, fluorescent pattern and histopathological findings at 24 hours reperfusion period. Physical changes like malaise, dullness, depression, change in rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate were of no significance either in ascertaining ischemic damage or in evaluating the protective effect of DMSO. Grossly, serosa of ischemic segments in control group revealed severe degenerative changes including moderate to severe adhesions, oedema and congestion, and reddish colouration while that of treated segments showed absence of adhesion, pinkish colour, hyperemia and slight oedema and congestion. Similarly mucosal changes were severe in control segments and were of very mild degree in treated segments. Following fluorescein dye injection, the treated segments showed viable fluorescent pattern while that of control segments showed non-viable fluorescent pattern. Histopathologically, control segments showed stunted mucosal villi lined by low columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells with few villi naked. The lumen contained desquamated epithelial cells with haemorrhages. Mucosa of treated segments was almost normal. Degenerative changes in submucosa, lamina propria and serosa were severe in control group while these clianges were either absent or were of very mild degree in treated segments. Based on SCC, fluorescein dye technique, and histopathological observations, it was-concluded that the intravenous DMSO therapy at the time of reperfusion could be a safe and effective supplementary therapy to combat ischemic intestinal disorders in cattle.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF MANGANESE CHLORIDE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ITS COMPARISON WITH DIMETHYL SULPHOXIDE IN ATTENUATING REPERFUSION INJURY AFTER ISCHAEMIC STRANGULATION OBSTRUCTION OF JEJUNUM IN COWS(AAU, Anand, 1994) Mistry, Jayantilal N.; PARSANIA, R. R.The experiment was conducted in two parts , each consisting of 15 adult purebred ( Jersey/Holstein Friesian) cows. In first part, two doses of manganese chloride (MnCl2) were evaluated to observe its effect of scavenging the oxygen-free radicals, with minimum adverse clinical effects. For this , animals were allotted to three groups of five each. In the control group (I) one litre of normal saline solution (NSS) was administered intravenously, while in groups I I and III MnCl2 @ 10mg/kg and 15 mg/kg body weight, respectively, were infused with one litre NSS. Based on various clinical signs, percentage of nitroblue tetrazolium ( NET ) reduction inhibition, plasma manganese ( Mn ) concentration and different haematological and biochemical constituents, the dose of MnCl2 @ 10mg/kg body weight was used for further investigations. In second part, the effect of MnCl2 and dimethyl sulphoxide ( DMSO ) in attenuating reperfusion injury after ischaemic strangulation obstiruction ( ISO ) in jejunum of 15 cows, allotted to three groups, was studied. The ISO model consisted of creation of four hours ischaemia of 60 cm long jejunal loop by ligating mesenteric vessels with cotton thread and mural ligation with file tags followed by subsequent reperfusion for 24 hours by releasing the obstructions.