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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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2005 - 201020
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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × End date: 2010 × Start date: 2000 ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 20
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON BALANCED ANAESTHESIA USING BUTORPHANOL - ACEPROMAZINE - GLYCOPYRROLATE (BAG) AS PREANAESTHETIC TO KETAMINE - DIAZEPAM, KETAMINE -MIDAZOLAM, PROPOFOL AND ISOFLURANE MAINTENANCE IN CANINES
    (AAU, Anand, 2010) KAVECHIYA, VIPULKUMAR PRAHLADBHAI; BARVALIA, D. R.
    A clinical study, on 36 dogs of either sex allotted to six groups of six animals in each, was undertaken to evaluate sedative effect of BAG - Butorphanol, Acepromazine and Glycopyrrolate @ 0.2, 0.04 and 0.01 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, as a combination administered intramuscularly. Induction was carried out using Diazepam @ 0.28 mg/kg b.wt. and Ketamine @ 5 mg/kg b. wt. mixture in KDK (I) and KDI (II) groups, Midazolam @ 0.28 mg/kg b.wt. and Ketamine @ 5 mg/kg b.wt. mixture in KMK (III) and KMl (IV) groups and Propofol @ 5 mg/kg b.wt. in PP (V) and PI (VI) groups intravenously (IV) about 15 min. after premedication with BAG. The maintenance of anaesthesia was carried out with ketamine (0.25 mg/kg/min.) in ketamine-diazepam and ketamine-midazolam induction for KDK and KMK groups. Animals of similar induction groups were also maintained with isoflurane in KDI and KMI groups. In propofol induction, propofol (0.4 mg/kg/min.) and isoflurane were used as maintenance agent in PP and PI groups. Anaesthesia was induced in overnight fasted and preanaesthetically evaluated dogs 15 min. after premedication over a period of 90 sec. in ketamine combination groups and over 90-120 sec. time in propofol groups. Onset of sedative effect of preanaesthesia, induction quality and time of intubation were recorded in all animals. Optimum doses for desired effect were also recorded for preanaesthesia, induction and maintenance in all animals. Different clinical parameters related to anaesthesia, recovery times, vital signs and complication, if any, were recorded at 15 min. after preanaesthesia (AP), 0 min. (at induction), 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. inclusive of commencement of induction in all groups. Different haematological and biochemical parameters were studied at 0 min. (normal), 15 and 30 min. post induction in all cases. Cost of preanaesthesia, induction and maintenance were calculated for all cases. Postoperative pain managmant was achieved using meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg b.wt.) for 5 days after operation. All the animals showed profound signs of sedation without any complications. Combination mixture (BAG) also masked the adverse effects of opioid in preanaesthesia. Lower dose of acepromazine seem to be safe for older dogs also. Induction of anaesthesia was smooth and satisfactory without any complications, however it was comparatively faster in propofol and ketaminemidazolam groups than ketamine-diazepam. Time for induction and endotracheal intubation was also less in propofol and ketamine-midazolam induction than ketamine-diazepam. In all six groups, mean pulse rate per minute showed a nonsignificant decrease at 15 minutes after preanaesthesia. At the time of induction and after induction, mean pulse rate showed significant increase in KDK, KDI and KMK groups and nonsignificant increase in KMI, PP and PI groups. Mean Sp02 values showed nonsignificant decrease after preanaesthesia and followed by increase in all groups. However, increase was observed in animals of isoflurane maintenance groups. Respiratory rate showed nonsignificant changes through out the period of anaesthesia. Same way the rectal temperature decreased gradually but nonsignificantly in all groups. Mean blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, mean) showed nonsignificant decrease after preanaesthesia in all groups there after increased nonsignificantly in ketamine maintenance groups but remained in normal range in all groups. There was nonsignificant increase in AST and ALT values in all groups but minor increase in PP, PI, KDI and KMI groups. BUN and creatinine values decreased nonsignificantly in all groups but minor decrese in PP, PI, KDI and KMI groups. Blood glucose concentration showed nonsignificant increase in all groups whereas the total protein concentration were decreased nonsignificantly in all groups. TEC decreased nonsignificantly in PP and PI groups whereas there was nonsignificant increase in all other groups. TLC, haemoglobin and PCV decreased in all groups however was nonsignificant. In DLC, neutrophils increased and lymphocytes decreased nonsignificantly in all groups. The changes in monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were not significant. Recovery characteristics like recovery start time, time for response to pin prick, head raising time, sternal recumbency time, stand unassisant time and resume to feeding or watering time were significantly decreased in PP and PI groups. The cost of propofol and ketamine-midazolam inductions were significantly higher as compared to ketamine-diazepam. Maintenance cost of anaesthesia with isoflurane and propofol were cheaper as compared to ketamine. Meloxicam provided optimum postoperative pain relief All the protocols were competitively effective having no adverse effects on animals. Propofol in combination with isoflurane for maintenance in BAG premedicated group was cheaper and the safest protocol.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF HOOF DISORDERS IN COMMERCIAL DAIRY FARMS AROUND ANAND
    (AAU, Anand, 2010) Mahla, Jalendrabhai Kapilchandra; Parikh, P. V.
    The hoof is complex structure that plays a key role in many aspects of the animal's overall health and productivity. The present investigations were aimed at studying the incidence and symptoms of hoof diseases, the effectiveness of hoof trimming in general and for identification of lesions and its treatment, and also to analyse the economic losses in terms of reduced milk production. The information derived by surveillance was analysed in relation to species, breed, age, sex, housing system and floor conditions. This clinical work involved 523 clinical cases among the population of 3,169 heads in 25 commercial dairy farms located around Anand. The surveillance of 1267 cattle and 1902 buffaloes revealed 523 clinical cases of hoof diseases comprising of 53.15 percent cattle and 46.85 percent buffaloes. The overall average incidence of hoof diseases was 523/3169 (16.50%), comprising of 278/1267 (21.94%) cattle and 245/1902 (12.88%) buffaloes. Frequency of foot disorders was greater in commercial dairy farms with pakka floor 375/1805 (20.77%) as compared to kachha floor 148/1364 (10.85%)). The incidence of different foot lesions included sole ulcer 10 (1.91%), white line separation 90 (17.21%), white line abscess 4 (0.76%), punctured sole and pus 16 (3.05%)), foreign body in sole 6 (1.15%), heel horn erosion 9 (1.72%), foul of the foot 11 (2.10%), interdigital hyperplasia 16 (3.05%)), interdigital foreign body 1 (0.19%)), sole haemorrhage 26 (4.97%), horizontal fissure 14 (2.67%), sand crack 8 (1.53%)), aseptic laminitis 9 (1.72%)), cork screw horn 31 (5.93%)), deep sepsis 2(0.38%o) and overgrown hooves 270 (51.63%o). The breed wise incidence of hoof disorders in affected cattle revealed highest rate of occurrence in Jersey crossbred 38/163 (23.31%) followed by H.F. crossbred 223/1013 (22.01%), Gir 12/64 (18.75%) and Kankrej 5/27 (18.51%)). Similarly among buffaloes highest breed incidence was recorded in Jafrabadi 162/1476 (10.95%) followed by Mehsani 35/148 (23.64%), Murrah 21/133 (15.78%), Surati 19/95 (20%), Non-descript 8/50 (16%). It was revealed that out of 523 affected animals, 148/523 (28.30%) animals were maintained on kachha floor with moderate hygienic conditions and the rest 375/523 (71.70%o) on pakka floor. The incidence of hoof disorders was 15/119 (12.61%)) in cattle maintained on kachha floor and 133/1245 (10.68%) in buffaloes, while 263/1148 (22.91%) cattle and 12/657 (17.05%) buffaloes were maintained on pakka floor. Hoof lesions were observed to be greater in hind limbs (312; 59.65%)) with greater involvement of outer claw (192; 61.54%) than in fore-limbs (211; 40.35%) with greater involvement of inner claw (122; 56.83%)). Hoof disorders observed were higher as the concentrate level in the diet increased. Out of 523 affected animals, 215/715 (30.07%)) were maintained on 80-90 percent concentrate diet, 185/1072 (17.25 %>) on 65- 80 percent concentrate diet and 123/1382 (8.9 %) animals were maintained on the 50-65 percent concentrate diet. Milk production reduced as severity of hoof lesions and pain increased. In forty animals the average milk loss after hoof disorder was (155/40) 3.8 liters/day/animal, while after hoof trimming and treatment average improvement of milk production was (24/40) 0.6 liters/day/animal. Hoof disorders lead to milk loss up to 31.66 percent of entire lactation. Successful trimming of the hooves in 150 animals facilitated early detection of subclinical laminitic lesions. Thus, corrective hoof trimming was found to be effective procedure for treating overgrown hooves and reduce the incidence of hoof lesions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STANDARDIZATION OF PORT PLACEMENT FOR LAPAROSCOPIC UNILATERAL NEPHRECTOMY IN PIGS
    (AAU, Anand, 2009) MEHRAJ, U DIN DAR; PATIL, D. B.
    Inspite of considerable technologic innovations in laparoscopy little has changed in our understanding of port dynamics, and improper trocar insertion still causes most of the operative complications of laparoscopic surgery. The increasing number of laparoscopic procedures performed and growing laparoscopic applications in different surgical fields necessitates serious study of accident causation, urgent redesign of our access methods and port placement. The present study on standardization of port placement for laparoscopic unilateral nephrectomy was done in 26 pigs, of which nineteen were male and rest female. The body weight of pigs ranged from 12 to 34 kg (Mean: 21.65 kg). The pigs were allotted to three groups viz., group 1 (<20 kg), group II (between 20 to 25 kg), and group 111 (> 25 kg). Further, each group was subdivided into two on the basis of swording or clashing and non clashing of instruments with telescope, and termed as "non clash' and "clash" groups. In overnight fasted animals, after premedication (Glycopyrrolate @ O.Olmg/kg, Ketamine @ 20mg/kg, and Xylazine @ 2mg/kg i.m) general anaesthesia was induced with Thiopentone sodium @ !Onig/kg i.v. and orotracheal intubation was done. After securing the animal in lateral recumbancy with head and kidney bridge elevated, pneumoperitoneum was created by insufflating C02 inside the abdomen. The camera port was first made on ventral abdomen and other two ports i.e. working and backhand ports were made in triangulation with camera port. The working and backhand ports were invariably made on the lateral abdomen with backhand port at subcostal area. All the three ports were placed at variable lengths from angle of last costovertebral joint, last rib. umbilicus, xiphoid, stifle joint and bony prominence of external angle of ilium. All twenty six pigs underwent laparoscopic nephrectomies as per the standard procedures performed by urology residents and few by the author. At the end of surgical procedure, the measurements (cm) between the ports and selected bony prominences were taken with pigs still under insufflated state. Pigs weighing between 12-19 kg (Group I) were routinely used for laparoscopic uroiogic procedures, hence based on our findings an overall guideline involving placement of camera, working and backhand ports for this group was suggested below. The camera port can be placed at a distance of 5 cm each from umbilicus and stifle joint, and the working port can be placed at a distance of > 5 cm from last rib; further with the increase in body weight, I cm length should be increased for both the ports. Overall a distance of 12-16 cm between stifle joint and working port should be maintained and backhand port should be placed at a distance of < 18 cm from xiphoid.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARISON OF VASCULAR WALL CHANGES TO RAPAMYCIN (SIROLIMUS) VERSUS BARE METAL STENTS IN BALLOON INJURED EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES OF RABBIT
    (AAU, Anand, 2009) PATEL, ATULKUMAR MAHENDRABHAI; PARIKH, P. V.
    Cardiovascular medicine is changing rapidly with the development, testing and introduction of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to improve outcomes among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention by significantly reducing restenosis rates. The long-term incremental risks, benefits and costs of DESs have not yet been optimally evaluated in a broad spectrum of patient and lesion cohorts and animal models. Twenty- one Sirolimus Eluting Stents (SES) were compared with 21 Bare Metal Stents (BMS; control) by implantation into left and right balloon injured external iliac arteries, respectively of 21 healthy New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Under Ketamine-Diazepam-Xylazine anaesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance using 3mm coronary balloon catheter, FlexyRap (SES) and FlexyStar (BMS) stents (3 mm diameter and 13 mm long) were deployed. Stents were successfully deployed at 6 atm balloon dilation pressure in prior balloon injured iliac arteries. No anti-coagulant therapy was given in any animal. There was no vascular occlusion in hind limbs of all stented vessels. Various histopathological parameters were assessed after rabbits were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 days (7 rabbits in each group). Each stented vessel was subjected to resin embedding technique and methyl methacrylate sections were obtained using tungsten carbide knife for Haematoxylin-Eosin and Martius, Scarlet, Blue staining. On histological examination, SES showed marked reduction in almost all histological parameters. Morphometric analysis showed that arteries with SES had a larger luminal area (p<0.0001), lower intimal (p<0.001) and medial (p<0.001) thickness and lower intimal index (p<0.003) as opposed to arteries stented with BMS. Luminal Narrowing in SES was zero percent and re-endothelialization was similar in both SES and BMS groups (90.48%). Arteries with SES showed marked reduction in non-occlusive peristrut fibrin deposition (3 out of 21 with SES versus 5 out of 21 with BMS). Thus Sirolimus eluting stent had larger luminal area, lower intimal and medial thickness and less peristrut fibrin deposition as compared to bare metal stent in rabbit transcarotid balloon injured external iliac artery model.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    OPHTHALMIC AFFECTIONS IN CANINES : INCIDENCE, THERAPEUTIC AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
    (AAU, Anand, 2009) JOY, NISHA; PARIKH, P. V.
    In the present study entitled "Ophthalmic affections in canines: incidence, therapeutic and surgical management" a retrospective analysis of the ophthalmic records at the Department of Surgery from 2004-2009 was done to find out the incidence, distribution and pattern of ocular affections. The study also evaluated the therapeutical and surgical management of various ocular affections reported from August 2007 - March 2009. A total of 443 canine ocular cases were reported during 2004 - 2009, which constituted 13.80% of total surgical case load (3210).The incidence was more during summer months with more number of cases in dogs between 5-10 years. Breed wise incidence was maximum in spitz (60.73%) followed by german shepherds (11.06%). Sex wise incidence was more in males (60%). Anatomical categorization of the ocular affections revealed maximum cases involving lens followed by that of cornea, eyelid, retina, conjunctiva, glaucoma, anterior chamber and globe. The standard medical management for conditions like conjunctivitis, superficial corneal ulcers, hyphema, hypopion, glaucoma was effective. Treatment of prolapsed third eyelid gland by its removal following linear incision over the bulbar conjunctiva was found superior to blunt excision in terms of reduced postoperative incidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) along with implantation of 41 diopteric intraocular lenses with 6.5 mm optic and 17 mm haptic using operating microscope restored vision in 64% cases. The most common intraoperative complications during ECCE were bleeding from iris, pupillary constriction, iris and vitreal prolapse and chemosis. Corneal opacity, corneal oedema, posterior capsular opacity and displacement of the implanted lOL were the major postoperative complications after ECCE. Twenty two cases of progressive retinal atrophy with maximum cases (19) in spitz and four cases of retinal detachment were diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF EXTRA CAPSULAR CATARACT- SURGERY IN CANINE
    (AAU, Anand, 2007) NARESH, PATIL VINAYAK; Parikh, P K
    Cataract, the opacity of crystalline lens is regarded as major cause of blindness in dogs affecting thousands of dogs annually and also different species of animals. Aphakic vision is much better in dogs as loss of lens causes loss of only finer details, which are not of great importance in pet dogs. In the present study, evaluation of cataract surgery using operative microscope was conducted in 28 eyes from 20 out of 36 clinical cases of dogs with history of vision abnormalities due to cataract. Out of 36 dogs presented with cataract, 75 % (27 dogs) were from the age group of 8-18 years while, 25 % (9 dogs) were between 1-7 years of age. The average age of the affected dogs was 09.28 ± 0.5 years indicating that dogs above 8 years of age are more prone to development of cataract. In the present study. Spitz dogs had higher incidence of cataract (14 dogs, 38 %) followed by mongrel (9 dogs, 25 %) as compared to the other breeds [Labrador (5 dogs, 14 %), GSD (3 dogs, 8 %), Dalmatian and Cocker Spaniel (2 dogs each, 06 %) and Lhasa Apso (3 %)] of the dogs. The number of cataract cases alone and with bilateral mature cases were encountered more in Spitz (13 dogs, 55 %) followed by mongrel (5 dogs, 21 %), Labrador and GSD (2 dogs each, 8 %), Cocker spaniel and Dalmatian (1 dog each, 4 %)
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON DRUG ELUTING STENTS IN PREVENTION OF RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS IN DOGS
    (AAU, Anand, 2007) Shivaji Harischandra Talekar; Dr. D. B. PATIL
    In the human interventional endovascular therapy, late stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis (ISR) have emerged, as a major safety concern with use of drug eluting stents. Late stent thrombosis is associated with high mortality and morbidity. To enhance thrombo-resistance and reduce the dependence on long term dual antiplatelet therapy, use of biodegradable polymer stent platform and heparin along with sirolimus is one approach. Hence a Heparin-Sirolimus (HS) eluting stent (HSES) using biodegradable platform in an evolved in vivo dog’s balloon injured renal artery model for in-stent restenosis was evaluated for effects of dual drug elution on peristrut fibrin deposition and re-endotheliazation. Six HSESs were compared with 6 Sirolimus eluting stents (SESs; control) by implantation into right balloon injured renal arteries of 12 healthy mongrel dogs. With Acepromazine-Diazepam-Ketamine anaesthesia, under fluoroscopic guidance of image intensifier television using 3mm coronary balloon catheter, Synchronium (HSES) and Supralimus (SES) stents (3 mm diameter and 11 mm long) were deployed. Stents were successfully deployed at 6 atm balloon dilation pressure in prior balloon injured renal polar arteries at 8 atm for 60 seconds. Animals of both [(HS (n=6) and SRL (n=6)] groups received no anticoagulation therapy. Peristrut fibrin deposition and stent occlusion was assessed after 1 Ph.D. thesis submitted to Anand Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand-388 001 unilateral nephrectomy at 30 and 90 days (6 dogs at each interval). There was no vascular occlusion in hind limbs of all stented vessels. Each stented vessel was subjected to resin embedding technique and MMA sections were obtained using tungsten carbide knife for Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. On histological examination, compared with control (SESs), arteries with HSESs showed marked reduction in peristrut fibrin deposition and non-occlusive thrombus formation [5 out of 6 (88.33%) with SRL versus 3 out of 6 (50.00%) with HS]. There was evidence of early complete re-endotheliazation with group HS compared to SRL. Enzymuria was seen in both groups with significant increase in group SRL at 48 hrs of post-stenting. Group HS had significant increase in serum Na+ concentration. However, blood and urine parameters revealed non-significant variations between HS and SRL groups. Serum Cr and protein had increased non-significantly more in HS group may be due to surgical procedural injury. Thus dual drug elution with Heparin-Sirolimus stent, coated with a biodegradable polymer reduces peristrut fibrin deposition and promotes early reendotheliazation in dog trans-femoral balloon injured renal polar artery model and its potential for reducing stent related thrombosis in humans warrants further clinical evaluation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON CRYOSURGICAL DISBUDDING IN CROSSBRED CALVES
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) RAGHABENDRA SHARMA; Dr. P.H. TANK
    The liquid nitrogen cryotherapy was evaluated for cryosurgical disbudding in sixty clinically healthy crossbred calves of either sex, aging between 03 to 07 weeks, at -10°C or -20°C cryofreezing using two different modalities viz., overlapping freezingthawing or double cycles of freezing followed by thawing, with or without the use of anaesthesia. Six calves each were used to evaluate both the modalities at two different levels of cryofreezing with or without the use of anaesthesia
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “EVALUATION OF DUAL DRUG ELUTING STENT (HEPARIN-SIROLIMUS) FOR ANTITHROMBOTIC PROPERTIES IN EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES OF RABBIT
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) PATIL PRADEEP BHATU; Dr. D. B. Patil.
    In the human interventional endovascular therapy, late stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis (ISR) have emerged, as a major safety concern with use of drug eluting stents. Late stent thrombosis is associated with high mortality and morbidity. To enhance thrombo-resistance and reduce the dependence on long term dual antiplatelet therapy, use of biodegradable polymer stent platform and heparin along with sirolimus is one approach. Hence a Heparin-Sirolimus (HS) eluting stent (HSES) using biodegradable platform in an evolved in vivo rabbit balloon injured iliac artery model for stent thrombosis was evaluated for effects of dual drug elution on peristrut fibrin deposition and re-endotheliazation