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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology × Author: GONDALIYA, SANJAY RAMESHBHAI × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2008 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PHARMACOKINETICS, BIOAVAILABILITY AND SAFETY OF KETOPROFEN IN SHEEP
    (AAU, Anand, 2008) GONDALIYA, SANJAY RAMESHBHAI; BHAVSAR, S. K.
    Levofloxacin is the active L - isomer of the racemate ofloxacin, a fluorinated quinolone has broad-spectrum activity and good antiKetoprofen is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for its antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties in Veterinary medicine. The pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen after its single dose intravenous and intramuscular administration was investigated in six patanwadi breed of sheep by non compartmental approach. The drug was administered at the dose rate of 3.0 mg.kg-1 body weight and assayed in plasma by HPLC analysis. The present study also evaluated safety of ketoprofen (3.0 mg.kg-1) after repeated administration at 24 h interval for 5 days in sheep. Following intravenous and intramuscular administration of ketoprofen, values of elimination half-life (t1/2β), volume of distribution of drug at steady state [Vd(ss)], total body clearance (CIB), area under plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC), and mean residence time (MRT) were 1.66 ± 0.12 and 3.31 ± 0.16 h; 0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.83 ± 0.08 L.kg-1; 5.53 ± 0.27 and 3.85 ± 0.30 ml.min-1.kg-1; 9.32 ± 0.32 and 13.58 ± 0.91 ng.h.ml-1 and 1.00 ± 0.06 and 3.67 ± 0.41 h, respectively. Following intramuscular administrationacterial activity at low plasma/tissue concentration. The present study was designed to investigate pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following single dose intravenous and oral administration at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight and to evaluate safety after repeated administration (10 mg/kg) of levofloxacin at 12 hours interval for 14 days in layer birds. Drug concentration in serum was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Following intravenous administration, the serum drug concentration-time curves were analyzed by non-compartmental approach. Following intravenous administration the therapeutically effective serum concentration of levofloxacm > 0.13 µg/ml was maintamed for up to 12 hours. Based on the serum drug concentrations, various pharmacokinetic parameters like elimination half-life (t1/2β) (3.08 ± 0.05 hours), apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area)) (4.02 ± 0.079 1/kg), volume of distribution of drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) (3.23 ± 0.055 1/kg), total body clearance (CIB) (15.09 ± 0.21 ml/min/kg), area under serum drug concentration-time curve (AUG) (11.07 ± 0.14 µg.h/ml), area under first moment of curve (AUMC) (39.56 ± 0.89 µg.h2/ml) and mean residence time (MRT) (3.57 ± 0.052 hours) were determined. peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 4.91 ± 0.52 was achieved at 0.5 h (tmax)- Bioavailability of the drug was 73.16 ± 5.58. Longer elimination half-life, larger volume of distribution at steady state and slower total body clearance of ketoprofen following intramuscular administration as compared to intravenous administration makes it more suitable for intramuscular use in sheep. Repeated intravenous administration of ketoprofen (3.0 mg.kg-1 body weight repeated at 24 h interval for 5 days) in sheep was found safe based on evaluation of haematological (Hb, PCV, TLC and DLC) and blood biochemical (AKP, ACP, AST, ALT, LDH, Total Bilirubin, Serum Creatinine, Total Serum Protein, Serum Albumin and Blood glucose) parameters except BUN. It is advisable to monitor kidney functions during long term therapy with ketoprofen in sheep. The present study indicate that intramuscular administration of ketoprofen at dose rate of 3.0 mg.kg'-1 in sheep would be provide a satisfactory plasma concentration of drug equal to its median effective concentration up to 18 h. Therefore, ketoprofen given via intramuscular route at the dose rate of 3.0 mg.kg-1 of body weight repeated every 18 h would be satisfactory therapeutic dosage regimen for sheep. However, therapeutic efficacy of the dosage remains to be evaluated in clinical cases under field conditions.