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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access PHYSIO-PATHOLOGY OF SUMMER STRESS IN LAYERS(AAU, Anand, 1989) GHODASARA, D. J.; Prajapati, K. S.The present study was made on layer birds kept at AICRP on poultry, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand. The study was conducted during extreme period of summer heat. For comparison, base level data were obtained by conducting similar study during comfortable environmental temperature of winter season .The experimental birds were divided into five groups with different housing and managemental systems. Samples like blood, serum, plasma and tissues were collected during morning and after-noon from each group and used for the study. Study was also made on natural cases of heat stroke and FLHS. Relationship of heat stress with incidence of FLHS as well as effect of housing system were also analysed. Concentration, of thyroid hormone in plasma was significantly decreased during summer season. Serum cholesterol level decreased during summer season as well as in after-noon than morning serum samples, suggesting lowered functioning of liver under heat stress. Relative weight of adrenal gland was increased during summer season, indicating increased activity of adrenal gland. Short term increase in temperature caused increase in the glucose level while, birds exposed for long period of high cyclic temperature (summer season) caused decrease in level of blood glucose. Activities of AXF and ALT increased during summer season. Thesealso increased in after-noon samples during summer season. The level of AKP was significantly higher in cage birds than deep litter birds during summer season, suggesting more stress of caging. Heat stress and housing systems did not cause any significant change in the level of total serum protein and sodium. Concentration of potassium and calcium was decreased in summer season. Potassium concentration was also decreased in after-noon serum sample in all the groups. Effects of heat stress and housing systems did not alter - the values of haemoglobin, PCV and R3C count. Total leukocytic count was significantly decreased during summer season. Further the after-noon blood samples also showed decrease in TLC in summer season. Absolute count of heterophil increased and lymphocytic count decreased during summer season. Number of heterophil was also increased in after-noon blood samples during summer season while, it was reverse for lymphocyte. Seasons and housing systems did not cause any significant change in the number of eosinophils and monocytes. Increase in environmental temperature directly correlated with the increase in H:L ratio and was found to be a good measure of stress to the chickens. Birds sacrificed in the after-noon during summer season showed mild fatty changes in liver and congestion in trachea and lungs. Severity of these lesions increased in the birds, died due to heat stroke. Birds under summer groups showed variable degree of hyperplasia of interrenal cells of adrenal gland. Thyroid acini were lined by flattened epithelium. More or less similar microscopic lesions were also observed in the birds, died due to heat stroke, but severity was increased. Amount of fat deposition increased in the liver samples, collected in the after-noon during summer season. Maximum mortality due to heat stroke was observed in the month of May. Increase in mortality due to FLHS was correlated directly to increase in the environmental temperature. Mortality due to FLHS v/as significantly higher in the cage birds than deep litter birds. Striking gross lesions in FLHS were highly friable and fatty liver leading to rupture and fatal internal haemorrhages. Liver sections stained with Oil Red 0 from cases of heat stroke and FLHS showed increased deposition of lipid in hepatic cells.ThesisItem Open Access TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON 'NALED TECHNICAL' IN RATS AND DOGS(AAU, Anand, 1989) DAVE, C. J.; Heranjal, D. D.The study on toxicopathological effects of naled technical was undertaken in rats and dogs. Naled technical (1-2, dibromo 2,2 dichloroethyl dimethyl phosphate) was given intragastrically to obtain the oral LD50 in laboratory inbred albino rats (Ratus morvegicus) which was found to be 425 mg/kg body weight (P0.05). Rtas of either sex were divided into four groups each comprising of three male and three female. Group I was provided with plain ground feed (without naled) which served as control. Group II, Group III and Group IV were given 12.5 25 and 50 mg naled per kg of feed, respectively. Weekly body weight was recorded and experiment was conducted in natural day-night rhythm. Initially u[pto four weeks, rise in body weight was observed compared to control which started decreasing after seven weeks of experiment.ThesisItem Open Access BOVINE LYMPHOSARCOMA IN CROSSBRED CATTLE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES(AAU, Anand, 1980) VARGHESE, KOSHY; Heranjal, D. D.A rare case of lymphosarcoma in a Jersey X Kankrej cow with profuse enlargement of peripherial lymph nodes was studied in a crossbred farm near Anand, Gujarat. A number of other in a crossbred cattle were also showing enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes. The biopsy material of the peripheral lymph nodes of some of these cattle revealed lesions of lymphosarcoma. Two animals were euthanised and the autopay confirmed the biopsy findings and one animal died of lymphosarcoma. Haematological examination of all the animals revealed no significant or pathognomonic picture.ThesisItem Open Access EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PATHOLOGY OF CL. welchii TYPE D EPSILON TOXIN IN MICE AND Past. multocida IN RABBITS(AAU, Anand, 1988) PATEL, MAHESH B.; Heranjal, D. D.A.Pathological study on Cl. welchii type D in mice The study on pathology of Cl. Welchii type D epsilon toxin was carried out on healthy white Swiss mice which were injected with 0.1 ml of 1 : 1000 MLD intravenously. The disease was characterised by rapid and fatal course with a gradual development of symptoms and microscopic lesions in various organs.ThesisItem Open Access ETIOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CHICK MORTALITY(AAU, Anand, 1986) NAIK, ASHOK B.; Heranjal, D. D.Etiopathological study on mortality of chicks at the time of hatch and during 0 to 8 weeks of age was undertaken in seven hatches of three hatcheries and eight flocks of seven poultry farms situated in Gujarat State. Bacteriological, Vigrological, Parasitological and Histopathological studies were undertaken to know the cause of mortality. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus species were found responsible for causing average mortality of 10.48 in chicks at the time of hatch.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI INFECTION IN LABORATORY ANIMALS-ALBINO MICE, RATS AND RABBITS(AAU, Anand, 1982) Patel, Naresh M.; Heranjal, D. D.Study on pathogenesis of T. evanai was carried out in albino mice, rats and rabbits which were artificially infected with T. evansi. In mice and rats, the disease was characterized by rapid and fatal course with a steady increase of trypanosomes in the blood circulation, while in the case of rabbits, the disease took a chronic course with a relaping type of infection. Blood glucose level significantly decreased during the course of infection in all the three species of laboratory animals. Differential leucocyte count revealed significant neutrophilla, lymphopenia and monocytosis, which were expressed through a significant increase in the values of Neutrophil - Lymphocyte Index (N.L.I.) and Monocyte- Lymphocyte Index (M.L.I.) in mice and rats. However these values were non-significant in the case of rabbits.ThesisItem Open Access PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SUMMER STRESS IN BROILERS(AAU, Anand, 1997) Ghodasara, D. J.; Prajapati, K. S.The present study was under taken to know the effects of summer temperature on physiology, viability and performance of broilers. The study was made on commercial broiler birds at Anand Poultry Farm, Palana, District Kheda. Broiler birds of 46 to 49 days of age were used for the study. The study was conducted during extreme hot period of summer. For comparison, base level data were obtained by conducting similar study during comfortable environmental temperature of the winter season. Samples like blood, serum, plasma and tissues were collected at morning and afternoon hours. Pathological study was also made on the natural cases of heat stroke. Concentration of thyroid hormones were decreased during high temperature of summer, indicating reduced activity of thyroid gland during summer stress. The plasma concentration of Cortisol and relative weight of adrenal gland increased during high environmental temperature of summer, suggesting increased activity and hypertrophy of adrenal gland. The serum cholesterol level decreased in summer as well as during afternoon hours in summer. The level of blood glucose was found to be decreased in the birds exposed to summer temperature. The activity of AKP and ALT increased during summer. The ALT activity in the afternoon serum samples also increased during high cyclic temperature of summer. The level of total serum protein was found to be decreased in the summer season. A significant decrease in total serum protein was also noticed at afternoon hours during the cyclic temperature of summer. High environmental temperature of summer caused a decrease in the levels of serum electrolytes. During the cyclic temperature of summer, the levels of K and Ca were also found to be decreased at afternoon hours. The values of Hb, PCV and RBC count decreased during the summer stress. The total leucocytic count as well as absolute count of heterophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil were found to be decreased in summer. The TLC as well as absolute count of heterophil and lymphocyte also decreased at afternoon hours during the summer season. A significant increase was observed in H : L ratio in the summer season. The increase in body temperature directly correlated with the increase in the environmental temperature. A non-significant difference of FCR was observed between the high environmental temperature of summer and comfortable temperature of winter. Birds sacrificed in the afternoon during summer showed mild congestion of trachea and lung. Severity of these , lesions increased in the birds died due to heat stroke. The microscopic lesions in the form of congestion and haemorrhages were observed in lung, trachea, liver and kidney along with lymphoid aggregations in liver and kidney. A variable degree of hyperplasia and vacuolization was noticed in the cortical cells of adrenal gland. The thyroid acini were lined by flattened epithelium. Similar microscopic lesions with more severity were also observed in the birds died due to heat stroke. The autopsy incidence of heat stroke was found to be 3.76 % with maximum mortality during sixth, seventh and eighth weeks of age.ThesisItem Open Access ACUTE AND SUBACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF PERMETHRIN [SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID-INSECTICIDE] IN RATS(AAU, Anand, 1993) SRIVASTAVA, MADHULIKA; Prajapati, K. S.An experiment trial on acute and subacute oral toxicity of technical grade permethrin was undertaken to establish LD50and clinicopathological changes. The study was conducted in Wistar rats of both sexes. The acute toxicity was induced by administering single oral dose of permethrin at 4000 ppm and 8000 ppm of body weight. Severity of clinical signs were dose dependent and were characterized by T-syndrome. An appropriate LD50 of technical grade permethrin was found to be 8000 mg/kg b.w. permethrin treated rats showed reduced feed and water intake and body weight gain. Dose dependent increase in Hb, RBC and PCV were noticed in permethrin treated rats. There was increase in relative and absolute neutrophil count and decrease in relative and absolute lymphocyte count.ThesisItem Open Access ETIO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ASCITES SYNDROME IN BROILERS(AAU, Anand, 1993) Solanki, Kiritkumar Dhanjibhai; Prajapati, K. S.Present study was undertaken to know etio-pathology of ascites syndrome in commercial broiler farms situated around Anand. From the outbreaks of ascites syndrome, information like system of management, type of birds, age of affected birds and clinical symptoms were recorded. Overall mortality due to ascites recorded in 9 broiler flocks, ranged from 5.5 to 10.60 per cent in different flocks with an average of 7.17 per cent. The available data on poultry autopsies from July'91 to June'9? were classified yearwise, monthwise, breedwise, sexwise and agewise to ascertain the susceptibility and relative incidence of ascites syndrome in broilers. Total 675 cases of ascites were recorded out of 7.103 autopsies performed. Relative frequency of ascites cases on autopsy record was 9.5 per cent. Ascites simdrorae cases were recorded in age group of 1 to 7 weeks with peak incidence at 5th week of age. Males were found more susceptible to ascites condition with relative incidence of 86.6 per cent. Host of the cases (75.7 per cent) of ascites were recorded during winter season. Among various breeds of broiler birds the frequency of ascites syndrome was found highest in Hubbard (78.4 per cent). Clinical signs in ascites affected birds were suggestive of cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency. Haeiaatological and serum protein studies were carried out in clinically affected cases of ascites syndrome. Values of Hb, PCV, RBC and heterophil count found statistically high indicating haemoconcentration in ascites birds compared to healthy birds. Total serum protein content in ascites bird was found significantly low. Ascitic fluid was analysed for volume, pH, total protein and bacterial infection, Volxome and total protein of ascitic fluid was found to be increasing gradually with advancing age while pH was found neutral. Ascitic fluid samples were found negative for any bacterial infection. AHI was found significantly high in ascites birds indicating right ventricular hypertrophy. H:BW in ascites affected birds was found significantly high. Increase in L:BW in ascites cases was statistically non-significant when compared to control birds. Gross pathological lesions in ascites affected birds were characterized by accumulation of variable amounts of yellowish straw coloured transudate with or without fibrin clots in the abdominal cavity. Heart with hydropericardium was found enlarged invariably with marked dilatation and hypertrophy of right ventricle. Liver was enlarged or shrunken, hard and congested with gelatinous fibrin clots over the surface. Lungs were invariably found congested and oedematous. Kidneys and spleen showed various degrees of congestion. Intestinal wall was found highly congested with prominently dilated mesentric veins. Microscopically heart showed varying degrees of congestion, oedema, variations in size, loss of cross striations, hypertrophy of nuclei and disintegration of myocardial fibres. Liver lesions were suggestive of chroinic venous congestion with mild to severe fibrosis around portal areas and central veins. Glisson's capsule was found thickened. Lungs showed oedema, congestion and hypertrophy of parabronchi muscles. Non-mineralized and mineralized cartilagenous and osseous nodules were noticed in lung parenchyma. Kidneys showed severe congestion and intertubular haemorrhages with proliferative changes in glomeruli. Spleen was congested along with depletion of lymphocytes. Intestine revealed severe congestion in serosa and lamina propria. Levels of aflatoxin B1, salts, crude protein and phosphorous in feed samples collected from ascites affected farms were estimated. Levels of these parameters were found near to safe limits. Aflatoxicosis, salt toxicity, hypoproteineraia and phosphorous deficiency were ruled out as probable causes of ascites during present studies. Role of other factors were discussed.