Loading...
Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
Browse
7 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access PARASITIC FAUNA OF WILD ANIMALS IN GUJARAT STATE(AAU, Anand, 1998) Patel, Premdas Vinodbhai; PATEL, A. I.Research work was carried out for twelve months from February, 1997 to January, 1998 to have an insight into the parasitic fauna of wild carnivores and herbivores. Wild animals which are kept in captivity in different zoo as well as those which are free living in the forest/sancturies/ safari parks were examined for the parasitic infection. Faecal samples collected regularly from captive wild animals and occasionally from free living wild animals were examined by qualitative as well as quantitative methods. In felines, the prevalence of parasitic infection in free living animals was higher than the captive animals. However, species of the parasites remained similar in both the groups. The prevalent species were observed as Toxascaris leonina. Toxocara. Ancylostoma. Trichuris. Capillaria aerophila. Paragonimus. Spirpmetya, Taenia, Dipylidium caninum. Isospora and larvae of Filaroides. The prevalence of parasitic infection in lion and tiger has significant difference between the months of the year. In tiger, parasitic infection was significantly higher in winter than summer and monsoon. The prevalence of ascarids was nonsignificantly higher (39.06 %) in lion followed by tiger (34.62 %) and leopard (17.08 % ) . The intensity of ascarids (Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara spp.) was significantly higher in cub than the adult lion, while that of of Ancylostoma spp. was significantly higher in females than the cubs. The intensity of helminths in captive lion was significantly higher during monsoon followed by winter and summer. The prevalence of Spirometra spp. was nonsignificantly higher (30.42 %) in leopard than the lion (5.58 % ) . The mean egg count of Spirometra spp. in male and ascarids in female leopard was significantly higher in monsoon and winter, respectively. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. was nonsignificantly higher (13.46 %) in tiger followed by leopard (7.92 %) and lion (6.94 % ) . Mean egg count of Ancylostoma spp. in female tiger was significantly higher in winter than other seasons. The mean egg count of Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara spp. was significantly higher in winter and monsoon, respectively. Infection of ascarids was significantly higher in male than the female tiger. Prevalence and intensity of helminth infection were higher in free living felines than the captive felines. The prevalence of Trichuris spp. was higher (15.00 %) in jackal than wolf and fox, while Ancvlostoraa spp. was higher (37.50 %) in fox than jackal and wolf. The wolf had higher infection of ascarids (27.08 % ) , Taenia spp. (12.50 %) and Dipylidium caninum (8.33 %) than other canines. In hyaena, the highest infection'was observed for Ancylostoma spp. (33.33 % ) . In felines as well as canines, mixed infection with two or three species of parasites was the most common. The prevalence of parasitic infection in free living herbivores was higher than the captive herbivores. The prevalent species were recorded as trichostrongyles, Trichuris. amphistomes, Fasciola. Strongyloides and Eimeria. The intensity of Trichuris spp. was higher than the trichostrongyles. There was low grade infection of amphistomes, Fasciola and Strongyloides species. When the prevalence of infection due to ascarids, Ancylostoma spp., Spirometra spp. or mixed infection of these parasites were higher (100.00 %) in lion, there were significantVy decrease in AKP (7.96 ± 0.77 U/L), total serum protein (6.14 ±0.22 G/dl), albumin (2.55 ± 0.17 G/dl), calcium (6.41 + 0.19 mg % ) , phosphorus (4.38 ± 0.06 mg % ) , magnesium (1.10 ± 0.03 mg % ) , Hb (9.86 ± 0.31 gm % ) , RBCs (4.66 ± 0.22 X 106/cumm), PCV (29.92 + 0.93 %) and lymphocytic count (18.67 ± 1.15 % ) . But, significant increase were observed in the values of BUN (56.50 ± 1.55 mg/dl), SGPT (25.04 ± 0.41 U/L, SGOT (42.71 ± 0.93 U/L), WBC (19354.17 ± 389.02/cumra) as eosinophils (5.79 ± 0.35 % ) . As there was reduction in percentage prevalence (37.00 %) and intensity of these infections due to anthelmintic treatment, all the biochemical and haematological parameters tended towards physiological values. Internal parasites recorded during post-mortem examination of lion, leopard and tiger were identified as Toxascaris leonina. Toxocara cati. Ancylostoma spp., Gnathostoma spp., Capjllaria aerophila. Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Taenia pisiformis. Dipylidium caninum. larval stages of Filaroides spp. and Mesocestoides lineatus. while external parasites were identified as Ctenocephalides felis. Ctenocephalides canis. Rhipicephalus spp. Linognathus spp. and Trichodectus spp. The larval stages of flies were Chrysomyia bezziana and Musca species. Histopathological section of intestinal nodules revealed the presence of parasites surrounded by heavy infiltration of leucocytes, eosinophils and macrophages. There was fibrosis and necrotic lesions around the parasites with severe destruction of mucosa and submucosa. Section of skin with attached tick revealed severe destruction of dermis and epidermis. Experimental infection of ascarids in mice revealed congestion and haemorrhages with infiltration of eosinophils and mononuclear cells in the liver, lung, spleen, brain and muscles. The histochemical changes in liver, lung and muscles revealed moderate to intense reaction with PAS staining, indicating the presence of good to moderate amount of mucopolysaccharide in these organs. Albendazole, mebendazole and fenbendazole were found to have good effect against ascarids and Ancylostoroa spp. infection in lion, leopard and tiger, while they were at not at all effective against the infection of Spirometra species.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF COCCIDIOSTATS ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED EIMERIA TENELLA INFECTION ALONG WITH EFFECTS ON GROWTH HAEMATO-BIOCHEMISTRY AND PATHOLOGY IN BROILERS(AAU, Anand, 2014) HIRANI, NITINKUMAR DEVRAJBHAI; Hasnani, J. J.The efficacy of three commonly used feed coccidiostats named Diclazuril (T1) Salinomycin (T2), Diclazuril + Salinomycin (T3) in shuttle programme and Maduramicin (T4) on experimentally induced Eimeria tenella coccidial infection and their effects on growth, haematology, biochemical and histopathological changes were undertaken in three hundred Cobb400 strain of broiler at University Poultry Complex, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during year 2012. Birds were given feed containing Diclazuril (T1), Salinomycin (T2), and Maduramicin (T4) coccidiostats at dose rate of 1 ppm, 60 ppm and 5 ppm upto 42 days. Weekly body weight and feed consumption were recorded. Various parameters considered for comparative efficacy were studied. Experimental infection of 50,000 oocysts of E.tenella was given on 22nd day of age. Blood was collected before experimental infection at 3 weeks and after experimental infection at 4 weeks of age for haemato-biochemical study. The results of faecal score, oocyst per gram (OPG), lesion score, oocyst index value and mortality indicated better efficacy of coccidiostats as compared to non medicated birds in experimental infection with better efficacy of Maduramicin and Salinomycin as compare to Diclazuril and Diclazuril + Salinomycin shuttle treatment. Coccidiostats proved to have growth promoting action in broiler chickens during the experimental infection. Birds fed with Maduramicin medicated (5 ppm) performed well in terms of live weight gain and feed conversion ratio and it was followed by salinomycin (60 ppm) for weight gain and Diclazuril (Ippm) for feed efficiency in broiler birds. Result of sensitivity against E. tenella indicated good efficacy of Maduramicin (82%), whereas limited efficacy of Salinomycin (76%), Diclazuril (74%) and Diclazuril + Salinomycin Shuttle group (71%)) on the basis of Global index value (GINNC % ) Haematological studies revealed that haemoglobin concentration, packed cell' volume and total erythrocytes counts were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, while total leukocytes counts were significantly increased on account of coccidial infection in all coccidiostat treatment and infected non treated groups. Different Leukocytes Count (DLC) value revealed significant increase in heterophills, lymphocytes and eosinophills and significant decrease in monocytes and basophills on account of coccidial infection. Results on haematological studies indicated comparatively less pathological damage by Salinomycin. Studies on biochemical profile revealed significantly (P < 0.05) lower serum glucose and serum total protein, while significant increase in serum total cholesterol. Serum Glutamic Oxalo-acetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP) activities was observed due to coccidial infection as compared to pre infection levels in birds. Results of biochemical studies indicated comparative less pathological damage by coccidiostats treatment as compared to infected non treated group, but there was no consistent trend for drug choice. From histopathological study it was clear that the Maduramicin and Salinomycin treated group showed very less mechanical damage to tissue hence it could be used as a curative remedy against the caecal coccidiosis. The presence of clusters of large schizonts in the caecum was pathognonomic for E. tenella. The magnitude of infection type and dose of coccidiostat and stage of development of the disease could be established by histopathological observation.ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF CAMELS(AAU, Anand, 2011) SOLANKI, JAYESH BABULAL; Hasnani, J. J.In the present study, a total of 2604 faecal samples of camels were collected from Anand, Vadodara, Kheda, Ahmedabad and Panchmahal districts of middle Gujarat during the period from June-2008 to May-2009 and were examined for the presence of helminth parasites. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of helminthic infection was 68.01 per cent. The overall prevalence of nematodes, frematodes and cestodes was 89.01, 5.25 and 5.65 per cent, respectively. Among trematodes, Fasciola spp. eggs were detected in 93 (5.25%) samples. Regarding cestodes, the prevalence of Moniezia spp. was 5.65 per cent. The prevalence of Haemonchus spp. was maximum, while that of Cooperia spp., Ostertagia spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. was the least. The overall maximum prevalence of helminths was observed in the month of July (87.56%) and minimum in the month of May (42.40%) in middle Gujarat. The highest gastrointestinal nematode infection was observed in the month of July (91.58%) and the lowest in the month of May (85.87%) in middle Gujarat. In all the districts of middle Gujarat, the highest infection of Haemonchus spp. was observed in the month of July. The overall lowest (16.99%) infection of Haemonchus spp. was recorded in the month of January. The overall Trichostrongylus spp. infection was also highest (28.42%) in the month of July and minimum in the month of February. The maximum intensity of GIT nematodes was observed for Trichostrongyliid group (891.43 mean epg) with range 50- 4550 epg. The mean epg for Strongyloides spp. and Trichuris spp. was 638.41 (50- 1450) and 198.94 (50-1700), respectively. The overall maximum intensity of Trichostrongyliid group was observed in the month of July with mean epg of 1483.97 50 and minimum in the month of February with mean epg of 638.25. The overall prevalence of Strongyloides spp. was found to be low throughout the year. The overall intensity of Strongyloides spp. was maximum in the month of November with mean epg of 907.47 and minimum in the month of May with mean epg of 405.92. The infection of Trichuris spp. was found common throughout the year ranging from 7-15 per cent in middle Gujarat. The highest prevalence (15.03%) and intensity (mean epg 357.38) of Trichuris spp. was observed in the month of June and the lowest prevalence (7.61%) and intensity (mean epg 96.40) was observed in the month of May. The per cent prevalence of Nematodims spp. was the highest in the month of December (13.10%) and zero in the month of May. Very low grade infection (5.25%) of Fasciola spp. was observed with zero prevalence in the month of March and April. Season, age and sex of the animal had significant influence on the prevalence of helminths in camels. Maximirai prevalence of helminths was recorded in monsoon (81.22%) and minimum in summer (55.07%). The maximum (90.48%) prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was recorded in the winter season with almost similar prevalence in summer (88.49%) and monsoon (88.37%). The Fasciola spp. infection was maximum (7.66%) in monsoon and minimum (1.88%) in summer. The Moniezia spp. infection was found maximum (9.62%) in summer and minimum (3.97%) in monsoon. The overall maximum intensity of Trichostrongyliid group was observed in monsoon with mean epg of 1122.38 . Maximum intensity of Strongyloides spp. and Trichuris spp. was observed in winter with mean epg of 868.09 and 243.21, respectively.The helminthic infection was the highest (81.62%) in camels of 2-5 years of age and the lowest (47.37%) in camel calves ageing below 2 years of age. The GIT nematode infection was highest (91.22%) in camels of 5-10 years of age and lowest (71.60%) in camel calves ageing below 2 years. The prevalence of Trichistrongyliid group infection was on increasing trend with advancement of age. The Fasciola spp. infection was highest (6.37%) in camels above 10 years of age and lowest (4.32%) in camels below 5 years of age. The Moniezia spp. infection was on decreasing ebb with advancement of age with maximum prevalence (24.07%) in camel calves ageing below 2 years of age.The overall prevalence of helminths was higher in females (74.96%) than males (61.48%). No influence of sex was found on prevalence of GIT nematodes. The Moniezia spp. infection was higher in males (7.27%) than females (4.23%). Almost similar prevalence was recorded in males (5.21%) and females (5.29%) for fasciolosis in camels of middle Gujarat. After coproculture, camels were determined to be infected with third stage larvae of Trichostrongylus spp., Ostertagia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Haemonchus spp., Nematodirus spp., Trichuris spp., Strongyloides spp. and Cooperia species. Haematological study conducted on helminths infected camels revealed statistically significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and lymphocyte, with significant increase in the total leucocyte count, MCHC, neutrophils and eosinophils. No difference was observed in the monocytic coimt of helminths infected and vminfected camels. Biochemical study carried out on helminths infected camels revealed significant decrease in glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and magnesium concentration. There was non-significant difference in the creatinine level of helminths infected and uninfected camels. There was significant increase in the enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SCOT) in helminths infected camels. Macroscopically, abomasum showed varying degrees of ulceration, congestion of mucosa, thickened walls and oedematous folds associated with haemorrhagic foci due to presence oi Haemonchus. spp. worms. Histopathologically, there were hyperemia in the abomasal mucosa and hyperplasia of the abomasal glands with cellular infiltration mainly of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Small intestine infected with Strongyloides spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. worms showed oedematous and congested mucosa with small petecheal haemorrhages. Histopathologically, there were loss of intestinal villi, thickened mucosa and heavy infiltration of inflammatory cells in mucosa and submucosa of the duodenvim. Large intestine infected with Trichuris spp. revealed thickened and oedematous mucosa with haemorrhagic foci. There was ulcer and nodule formation with thickening of the duodenal wall. On histopathological examination, intestine revealed catarrhal inflammation and necrosis of gland with eosinophilic infiltration. Liver showed irregularly distributed haemorrhages with grayish to pale white colour areas on gross examination. Microscopically, there was fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver. Lungs showed emphysema and congestion with pale white raised areas.ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF CAMELS”(AAU, 2011) SOLANKI, JAYESH BABULAL; Dr. J. J. HasnaniThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF COCCIDIOSTATS ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED EIMERIA TENELLA INFECTION ALONG WITH EFFECTS ON GROWTH HAEMATO-BIOCHEMISTRY AND PATHOLOGY IN BROILERS(AAU, 2014) HIRANI, NITINKUMAR DEVRAJBHAI; Dr. J. J. HasnaniThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF CAMELS”(AAU, 2011) SOLANKI, JAYESH BABULAL; Dr. J. J. HasnaniThesisItem Open Access Morphology, Pathology and Molecular Characterization of adults and freeliving developmental stages of amphistomes of Water Buffalo(AAU, 2010) Puttalakshmamma, G.C.