Loading...
Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
Browse
4 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF Staphylococcus aureus FROM BOVINE MILK(AAU, Anand, 1990) Purohit, Jayantilal Hargovind; JHALA, V. M.The present study was undertaken with a view to know the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus In bovine milk In relation to species, managemental conditions, breed, method of milking, parity, stage of lactation and Involvement of the quarters as well as to observe the relationships among the certain characteristics, Including enterotoxigenicIty, of S.aureus. The isolates were also phage typed to know the possible origin. The milk samples were collected from the animals maintained at six different farms comprising of four GAU farms and two private farms. The cows were maintained at four farms whereas buffaloes were maintained at remaining two farms. A total of 925 milk samples (758 from cows and 167 from buffaloes) from the individual quarters of 234 animals comprising of 191 cows and 43 buffaloes were collected and processed for isolation and identification of S.aureus. Of these, 94 quarters (10.16 per cent) of 67 animals (28.63 per cent) revealed the presence of S.aureus. The incidence of S.aureus was more commonly encountered amongst the cows on animal basis (31.94 per cent) as well as on quarter basis (11.35 per cent) than those of buffaloes (13.95 and 4.79 per cent, respectively).ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS (IBDV), ITS COMPARISON WITH VACCINE STRAINS AND EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT VACCINATION REGIMENS IN PASSIVELY IMMUNE CHICKS(AAU, Anand, 1995) Hirpurkar, Sadananda D.; Kher, H. N.Infectious bursal disease (IBD) which was characterised by relatively less mortality but more immunosuppression was earlier prevalent in India. During a past couple of years, there is country-wide change in pattern of disease with high mortality rates. Some of the farms investigated in the present study have also experienced high mortality among both, layers (six to 14 weeks) and broilers (four to six weeks). Present study was undertaken on isolation of IBDV from field samples, study their pathogenicity and antigenicity in comparison with existing vaccine strains; and formulation of vaccination regimen effective enough to give protection to chicks in presence of maternal antibody. Before taking up virus isolation, tissue homogenates from clinical cases were examined by agar gel diffusion test (AGDT) against reference antiserum and their identity as IBDV was confirmed. Overall AGDT positive samples ranged between 40.0 and 70.5 per cent. Positive field samples were grouped under five groups (UNO, KAM, AND, HAL and NAV), according to different geographical regions. An attempt was made for isolation of IBDV from all the five representative samples in different indicator systems. Among experimentally inoculated chicks, the clinical disease was reproduced in case of UND, KAM and AND isolate infected group. No clinical symptoms were observed in NAL and NAV isolates infected groups. The birds inoculated with each samples and sacrified 48 hours PI, had gross and histopathologic changes suggestive of IBD. Specific precipitation lines were demonstrated in bursal homogenates. Out of five field isolates, three isolates (UND, KAM and AND) were adapted to growth in chick embryos by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route. Predominant changes were observed in the embryos which included slow and stunted growth, cutaneous edema and hemorrhages in subcutis. UND isolate was serially passed onto chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture for its adaptation to growth. Characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed earliest, at 30 hours PI, and maximum CPE showing degeneration of about 80 per cent cell monolayer, at 48 hours PI. Syncytia formation due to aggregation of large number of nuclei of dead cells was observed in later stages. Other field samples failed to induce CPE in cell culture upto five serial passages. Comparative pathogenicity studies on five field isolates, one reference isolate (BAN) and vaccine strain of intermediate (Vac-I) and mild (Vac-M) virulence each, were carried in chicks, chick enbryos and CEF cell culture. Birds infected with UHD and BAM isolates showed severe clinical synptons and also hemorrhagic lesions in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), skeletal muscles and proventriculus-gizzard junction. Concurrent histopathologic lesions in the BF, at 48 hours PI, includes marked edema, hyperemia, necrosis of lymphoid cells, and formation of vacuoles or cystic follicles. In case of birds inoculated with Vac-I strain, the enlargement and edema was more marked which persisted longer. Vaccine strain induced histopathological lesions in BF which were of mild degree and comparable to those found in birds infected with NAL and NAV isolates. As regard to the pathogenicity of field isolates in chick embryos inoculated by CAM route, UND and BAN isolates caused almost 80 per cent mortality. Among other isolates, AND and KAM showed relatively low mortality rates followed by HAL and NAV. Unlike any of the recent field isolates tested in the present study, the UND isolate grew well in CEF cells exhibiting CPE in infected monolayers. Thus, only the UND and BAN isolates, were able to maintain consistent pathogenic potential in every laboratory system tested. Slight variation as regard to period required for initiation of CPE was observed in UND and BAN isolates when compared with that of vaccine strains. Highest virus infectivity titre was recorded in Vac-I strain, while in Vac-M strain the titre was lowest. The virus titres in both field isolates (UND and BAN) were sane. Neutralization and cross neutralization tests were carried out to assess the antigenic relatedness of a field isolate, reference isolate and vaccine strains using homologus and heterologus innune sera. The results indicated close antigenic relationship of the isolates with vaccine strains. In the present study, efficacy of three vaccination regiuens was evaluated in the progeny obtained from breeder hens having high levels of maternal antibody (MA). The levels of precipitating antibodies of progeny chicks at hatch indicated, on an average, 50 to 55 per cent passive transfer of MA to progeny. After hatch, higher levels of MA sustained for one week and afterwards declined steadily at the half-life of approximately six to eight days. MA attained low levels between 21 and 28 days of age. While after 28 days of age, precipitating antibodies were undetected by quantitative AGDT (QAGDT), still these antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Live vaccine (mild) was used at day-old age for 'priming' of all the birds and subsequently, combination of live (intermediate) and/or inactivated vaccines was tested in three groups. One group served as control. The response of birds, vaccinated once or twice with live intermediate vaccine was not satisfactory as indicated by low levels of antibodies even after vaccination. On challenge, some birds showed clinical symptoms and bursal damage. The group in which birds received inactivated vaccine, at seven days of age and live vaccine at 14 and 28 days of age, showed significantly (P <0.05) higher levels of antibody. On challenge, the birds did not show clinical symptons and mortality, but still these birds were not prevented from infection because the bursal danage was apparent indicating inadequate response against virulent IBDV. Overall studies indicated the presence of highly virulent IBDV in sone pockets of Gujarat State. Therefore, it is important to locate such pockets at an earliest to prevent possible spread of highly virulent IBDV and carry out effective vaccination coupled with strict biosecurity measures, where immunization has failed probably because of increased virulence of IBDV. Serological monitoring of progeny flock is necessary to determine when MA in chicks decline to levels that the vaccine can overcome. Without this information, it is very difficult to control highly virulent IBDV.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMMUNE RESPONSE TO NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS VACCINES IN CHICKENS(AAU, Anand, 1989) PATEL, H. R.; JHALA, V. M.Studies on immune response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines i n cockerel chicks, layers , broilers and pullets were undertaken experimentally at the Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary College, Anand. In the first experiment, 196 day-old White Leghorn (WLH) cockerel chicks from immunized parent flock were used to assess the levels of maternal antibodies at different ages and their effect on immune response to 'F' strain of NDV. The maternal antibody titres in chicks were ranging from log2 1.0 to 3.0 before vaccination. They were highest in day-old chicks and lowest in 15 day-old chicks which were significantly ( P < 0.05) different . In control chicks, the titre declined at a constant rate and was undetectable at 19th day of age, determining five days as half life time for maternal antibodies. Post-vaccination titres at 7th, 14th and 21st day in chicks vaccinated at 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th day of age were not significantly different in between the groups, though the difference was significant within the groups. This indicated that maternal antibody titres upto logp 3.0 did not interfere the immune response when chicks were vaccinated even at one day of age. The ohallenge study at three weeks post-vaccination revealed that the minimum HI titre of log2 3.0 was protective in cockerel chicks. In second experiment, 45 WLH birds of 18 week-old were used for comparative study of immune response to inactivated OE and live R2B vaccines and their effect on egg production. Peak antibody response was observed at 20 weeks of age in birds vaccinated at 18 weeks of age either with inactivated OE or live R2B vaccines. There was no significant difference in HI titres in between the two groups upto 26 weeks except 24th week. Twenty eighth week onward, the HI titres were significantly higher in birds vaccinated with inactivated OB vaccine (Group A) than those vaccinated with live R2B vaccine (Group B). The overall serological response was higher in birds of group A than birds of group B. During the period of 18 weeks of lay, the birds of group A averaged 99.3 eggs (71.09 per cent) per hen, whereas those of group B averaged 83.7 eggs (59.51 per oent) per hen. Control birds (Group C) produced 89.6 eggs (63.84 per oent) per hen. Thus comparing with control group, inactivated OE vaccine did not affect the egg production but rather boosted it , whereas live R2B vaccine suppressed the egg production.ThesisItem Open Access MICROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF NEONATAL CALF DIARRHOEA WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO DETECTION OF ROTAVIRUS AND ENTEROTOXIGENIC Escherichia coli(AAU, Anand, 1989) SHAH, N. M.; JHALA, V. M.The present study was undertaken with the objectives of detecting the presence of rotavirus, enteropathogenic bacteria and parasites, to study the enterotoxigenicity of E. coli isolates and to find out the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates from the cases of neonatal calf diarrhoea. Fecal samples from 116 diarrhoeic calves of cattle (94) and buffaloes (22)were examined. There was no significant difference in occurence of various enteropathogens between cow calves and buffalo calves. Commomnly encountered enteropathogens were E. coli (61.70% cow calves and 59.09 % in buffalo calves) and rotavirus (20.21% in cow calves and 22.72 % in buffalo calves).