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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL SHEEP HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM INCLUDING EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ECONOMY RECORDS FOR PRODUCTION(AAU, Anand, 1999) Patel, A. J. Kachhia; Patel, P. R.Sheep plays an important role in our national economy thriving in arid and semi-arid region and providing meat, wool, skin, manure and milk which contributing financial support to the rural people. The present study was carried out from 1st September, 1997 to 31st August, 1998 in one six villages of the Kutch district, which embodies results of endeavours directed towards development of rural sheep health surveillance system for generation of data on production/reproduction performance, disease profile, mortalities and culling patterns among rural sheep and for economic analysis of losses due to diseases. A total of 1,744 sheep screened through surveillance indicated an overall prevalence of disease to the extent of 67.49 per cent. The highest prevalence was recorded due to parasitic diseases (22.13%), majority in Patanwadi breed (69.07%), in the age group of adult sheep (69.72%). The overall high prevalence of disease was recorded in male animals (68.88%), with poor health status (92.06%), in large flock size (71.68%), which were husbanded in poor hygienical condition (79.62%), along with fair plan of nutrition (68.34%). The prevalence indicated significant high peak level during July-August months (25.92%), especially in monsoon season (34.46%), positively correlated with high humidity and rainfall. Amongst the different disease groups, the parasitic diseases (22.13%) ranked high followed by diseases of miscellaneous group (13.99%), digestive disorders (13.02%), bacterial diseases (12.27%), reproductive disorders (3.27%), fungal diseases (1.49%) and viral diseases (1.32%). Amongst these, the predominant disease conditions prevailed in the rural area were gastrointestinal nematode (8.72%), ectoparasite (6.25%), pneumonia (6.02%), enteritis (4.47%) and wound (3.10%). The overall mortality and case fatality rate were recorded as 9-29 and 13.76 per cent respectively. The higher mortality was in miscellaneous disease group (4.93%) followed by bacterial diseases (2.35%), digestive disorders (1.78%), parasitic diseases (0.17%) and viral diseases (0.06%). Of the major causes of mortality, pneumonia (1.20%), debility (1.20%), enteritis (0.80%), toxaemia (0.80%) and predation (0.75%) were found predominantly. Mortality was found higher in Patanwadi breed (9.83%), specifically in lamb group (16.04%), in male animal (13.78%), having poor health status (18.69%) and poor plan of nutrition (11.65%). Also the higher mortality was observed in small size flock (11.89%) and having fair hygienic condition (10.19%), similarly during July-August months (4.01%) and during rainy season (4.76%) compared to lower mortality during November- December months (0.46%) in winter season (1.43%). The projected economical losses due to treatment cost, reduction in wool production and growth rate, reduction in reproductive efficiency, losses due to mortality and culling were also calculated in the present study. The average treatment cost, reduction in wool production, poor growth rate, decline in reproduction efficiency, losses due to mortality and culling were quantified to be Rs.17=65, 1=90, 37=61, 190=44, 57=31 and 32=34 per sheep per year respectively in the present study. The use of computer programme for data recording, its storage, analysis and retrieval in present epidemiological surveillance proved much useful since sizable number of data was handled and analysed in shortest time with high accuracy. Advice and recommendations were made to initiate suitable control measures and prophylaxis against major sheep diseases by regular health care, deworming, better husbandry and nutrition with good hygienical approach to minimize the losses. Review of literature, modalities of techniques used at a rural level, the achievements, constraints and suggestions for future through the development of rural sheep health surveillance system using epidemiology and economy of records are detailed.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON BLOOD CONSTITUENTS AND MILK UREA LEVELS IN NORMAL CYCLING AND INFERTILE DAIRY ANIMALS(AAU, Anand, 1991) Prajapati, Babulbhai R.; Dave, M. R.Post-partum anestrus and repeat breeding condition continue to be the most common and puzzling infertility problems in daily animals. Certain blood constituents during different reproductive periods have been found to be associated with the fertility status of animals and their reproductive behaviour. Variations in certain blood constituents in blood during different reproductive periods affect or upset proper functioning of the reproductive organs. HaematĀ©logical and biochemical constituents of blood have great diagnostic value in the clinical practice. Keeping these in view, an attempt was made to evaluate the difference, if any, in the haematological, biochemical and milk urea levels in normal cycling, repeat breeding and anestrus dairy animals. Haematological (Hb, PCV, TSC and TLC) and biochemical (serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, total protein, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen) estimations were carried out in 82 post-partum Surati buffaloes and 35 crossbred (K x J) cows during the period from June to September 1989. These animals were divided into normal farm animals, normal cycling field animals, repeat breeding field animals and anestras field animals. Ten Surati buffaloes from Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Griijarat Agricaltaral University, Anand and ten'crossbred (K x J ) cows from Livestock Research Station, GAU, Anand were taken as normal cycling farm animals. Ten Sarati buffaloes and ten crossbred (Z x J ) cows from the animals presented at the A.I, Centre, Veterinary College, GAU, Anand for artificial insemination (A.I) and sexual health check-up were selected as normal cycling field animals. Animals presented for the sexual health check-up were screened and on the basis of individual case history of calving, reproductive cycle, number of insemination or service, repeat cycle and gynaecological examinations, 20 buffaloes as repeat breeders, 42 buffaloes as anestrus condition and 15 crossbred cows as repeat breeders were selected for the study. Haematological study revealed that haematological parameters did not show significant changes between farm and field normal cycling buffaloes and cows. Haemoglobin values of repeat breeder and anestrus buffaloes were significantly (P/.0.01) low as compared to farm normal cycling buffaloes. Packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocytic count (TEC) and total leucocytic count (TLC) values did not reveal significant changes in repeat breeder and anestrus buffaloes as compared to farm normal cycling buffaloes. Haemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) values of repeat breeder cows were significantly (P /0.01) low as compared to field normal cycling cows. Total erythrocytic count and total leacocytic count (TLC) values did not reveal significant changes in repeat breeder cows as compared to field normal cycling cows. Biochemical parameters except serum inorganic phosphorus, total protein and blood glucose in buffaloes, did not show significant changes between farm and field normal cycling buffaloes and cows. Serum inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, total protein, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen values were significantly (P /0.01) low in repeat breeder and anestrus buffaloes as compared to farm normal cycling buffaloes. Serum calcium and milk urea nitrogen values did not revealed significant changes in repeat breeder and anestrus buffaloes as compared to farm normal buffaloes. Serum inorganic phosphorus and magnesium values were significantly (P /0.01 and P/0.05) low in repeat breeder cows as compared to farm normal cycling cows. Milk urea nitrogen values was significantly (P /0.05) high in repeat breeder cows as compared to farm normal cycling cows. Serum calcium, total protein, blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen values did not revealed significant changes in.repeat breeder cows as compared to farm normal cycling cows.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE CLINICO-PATHOLOGY OF DERMATITIS IN DOGS(AAU, Anand, 1991) SONI, V/NOD K.; PATEL, P. R.Dermatitis is one of the major concern among the canine diseases. To study the clinico-pathology of dermatitis in dogs, clinical cases of dogs registered at Veterinary College Hospital (GAU), Anand; Veterinary Polyclinic, Valsad (Gujarat State) and Veterinary Hospital, Madalpur were screened during July 1990 to June 1991, The investigation was carried out to study the incidence of etiological factors causing dermatitis, epidemiology, symptomatology and haematological and biochemical changes in dermatitis. For the above study 1,873 cases of dogs were screened. Out of them 185 (9.88%) were found to be clinical cases of dermatitis. From these, 92 cases were selected randomly for detailed study of etiology(bacterial, fungal, parasitic, allergic, nutritional and hormonal), epidemiology (age, sex, breed, season etc.), symptomatology (lesion types, pattern and location) haematology (Hb, TEC, TLC and DLC), and biochemistry (Blood glucose and BUN) along with the control group of 20 healthy dogs ( for haematological and biochemical study). Etiological study revealed higher incidence of bacterial dermatitis (60.87%), followed by fungal(14.13%), parasitic (13.04%), allergic (9.78%), hormonal (1.09%)and nutritional (1.09%) dermatitis. Among bacterial dermatitis, S. aureus (89.3%) remained predominent. S, epidermis was found in 8.90 per cent and Pseudomonas species in 1.8 per cent cases. Major fungal isolates were M. canis(61.5%)and T, mentagrophytes (15.4%). Among external parasitic infestation, S. scablei (50.0%), D, canis (33.3%) and ticks (16.7%) were detected. Detailed causal factors of allergic, nutritional and hormonal dermatose were not detected in this study. The disease was found more common in young dogs (below 18 months). Incidence of infectious dermatitis (bacterial, fungal and parasitic) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in younger dogs, Male dogs (68.5%) were more prone to dermatitis. Again, bacterial dermatitis was more common in male dogs (71.4%), However, such higher incidence in fungal (61.5%), parasitic (58,3%) and allergic(77.7%; dermatitis was nonsignificant. No specific breed predilection for dermatitis was observed, but more cases of dermatitis were seen in a group of long haired breed (Pomeranian, Alsatian and some long haired crossbreeds). Seasonal influence was noticed in bacterial ( more in summer) and fungal (more in winter season) dermatitis. It was also marked that relative hximidity has highly significant (P<0.01) positive correlation with the incidence of dermatitis, Symptomatological study revealed that bacterial dermatitis was usually pruritic, causing mainly pustules on the ventral abdomen, trunk and back region. Fungal dermatitis was characterized by excoriation, alopecia and crust formations commonly on ears and extremities. Parasitic dermatitis was severely pruritic with excoriation and papule formations. Allergic dermatitis exhibited pruritus, redness, and papules and wheal formation without any specific distribution pattern. Endocrine dermatose had typical bilateral non-pruritic alopecia, whilst nutritional dermatose showed crust formations, rough coat and non-pruritic alopecia. Haematological study showed significant leucocytosis, lymphopenia and neutrophilia in bacterial dermatitis, Eosinophilia was evident in parasitic and allergic dermatitis. Biochemical analysis of blood indicated significant increase in BUN and decrease in blood glucose in bacterial dermatitis.