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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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20011
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: Mehta, Hemant Kumar × Start date: 1970 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE, CLINICOPATHOLOGY, DIAGNOSTIC AND TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HELMINTHS IN GOATS
    (AAU, Anand, 2001) Mehta, Hemant Kumar; Patel, P. R.
    In present study, systems were structured for surveillance in rural household for epidemiology and techno economic aspect of helminth infection in goats. The present study comprised of examination of each and every individual surveyed using field tests for helmithiasis coupled with detailed inquires of the farmers door step for retrospective and prospective studies on rural goats. Further the data generated was analyzed on surveillance and epidemiology on disease, incidence in relation to physiological status, meteorological factors, housing, nutritional status, body condition score, hygienic condition were analyzed. The pathophysiology of the helminth infection, haematological and biochemical changes, immunodiagnosis, histopathological findings and economic losses were also studied. The epidemiological study was undertaken in and around Anand for the period of one year i.e. from July 2000 to June 2001and a total number of 1783 goats were included in the study . These were divided in three major groups. Group I - survey group (1135 goats), group II - organized farm group (288 goats) and group III included slaughter goats (360 goats). Door to door visit for surveillance programme were made at farmer's doorsteps in each village on a regular basis at monthly interval. Total twelve visits per animal in a year were made. The percent of infection was lowest 50.0% in Farm and highest 96.90 % in Survey group. The highest incidence of helminth infection was observed throughout the year in Survey and Slaughter groups (94.62 and 94.16 % respectively) while in farm group the incidence was comparatively low (53.82 %). No faecal sample was found positive for the fascioliasis under the study period. The incidence of various parasites observed as Moniezia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Coccidia spp., Trichuris spp. and mixed infection were as 23 (2.02%), 324 (28.54%), 369 (32.51%), 166 (14.62 %) and 192 (16.91%) respectively. The mixed infection of Trichuris + Ampistome, Trichuris spp. + Coccidial oocyst , Trichostrongylus spp. + Coccidia oocyst, Trichostrongylus spp. + Trichuris spp. + Coccidial oocysts and Trichostrongylus spp. + Moniezia spp. , were recorded as ( 0.08%), 46 (4.05%), 59 (5.19%), 52 (4.58%) and 7 ( 0.61%) respectively. While in Farm group the incidence of infection was ranged from 50.0 % to 62.50 %. A total number of 155 goats were found positive for ova of different helminths indicating 53.82 % overall incidence. The incidence of helmith infection with the age of goats has been established under the study. The highest incidence 308 (91.66%) was observed in kids followed by 397(87.44%) and 863 (83.15%) in hogget / doeling and adult respectively, indicating that the kids are more prone to helminth infection. The seasonal incidence of helminth infection was recorded during the period of study. The over all incidence of helminth infection in survey group was 1074 (94.26 %). In monsoon season a total number of 391 faecal samples were examined with highest incidence of 375 (95.90%), followed by 343 (94.23 %) in summer and, the lowest incidence 356 (93.68%) in winter. The correlation between incidence of heminth infection and various meteorological parameters were established group wise. A positive correlation (P<0.05) revealed between the disease incidence and minimum temperature, while a positive but nonsignificant correlation was observed between incidence of helminth infection and maximum and mean temperature morning and evening humidity, rainfall and pan evaporation rate. A negative but nonsignificant correlation was observed between the incidence on helminth infection and bright sunshine. The suffering goats were found to be weak and debilitated. Heavily infected goats showed diarrhoea with marked reduction in body weight and dehydration. Some of goats were emaciated and mostly found in cachetic condition. The visible mucous membranes were pale and the skin of affected goats was rough, dry and doughy. The faecal sample examination is used as a routine examination for the presence of ova of helminth parasites in all species of animals. Under the research study sedimentation technique was used to detect the presence of helminthic eggs and McMaster and StoU's method for the quantitative examination. For Immunodiagnosis tests a total number of 97 infected and 30 non-infected control serum samples were used. For conducting the Agar Gel Diffusion Test (AGPT) the antigen of specific helmiths, viz Trichostronglyus spp and Trichuris spp. were used against the serum of affected goats. The Immunoelectrophoresis test was conducted against the serum of two helminth parasites viz. Trichostronglyus spp and Trichuris spp. In infected goats the average total protein and mean albumin levels were reordered significantly low with values of 5.13±0.03 to3.36±0.03 and 2.89±0.03 to 1.30±0.01 g/dl respectively in noninfected control and infected goats. The mean A:G ratio was also reduced from 1.29±0.05 to 0.63±0.24 in control and infected animals. The mean values of LDH, SGPT and SGOT were observed significantly high with 319.33±0.05 to 468.07±0.16, 73.36±0.07 to 94.35±0.08 and 258.09±0.15 to 322.22±0.09 lU/L respectively in non-infected control and infected goats. Average serum glucose level was found significantly low from 78.85±0.22 to 39.55±0.23 mg/dl in control and infected animals. The mean total bilirubin level was observed nonsignificantly increased from 0.46±0.01 to 0.57±0.02 mg/dl in healthy and infected goats respectively a similar trend of observations were recorded in all the infected goats of three groups. The gross pathological changes observed were congestion, catarrhal enteritis, oedema and few nodules were present in Trichostrongylus spp. and Trichuris spp. The microscopic changes observed in Trichostrongylus spp. , Trichuris spp. Moniezia spp. and Coccidia were thickness of intestinal wall and oedematus folds, infiltration of eosinophils, moderate, chronic inflammatory cellular reactions with mucoid degeneration , necrosis of tips of villi and desquamation of epithelial lining and cells. The dark brown to black color parasitic excreta was found in the superficial villus mucosa. The quantification of monetary losses was calculated on 434 goats infected with helminth infection. A total loss of Rs. 90321/- was calculated under the study period. These losses were calculated on the basis of losses due to (a) milk loss (Rs. 2538/-), cost of treatment (Rs.31248/-) and culling of goats (Rs. 56535/-). Few villages of the Anand taluka were selected for the present study but the population of goats is distributed all over the Gujarat and hence, similar helminthic problems and its impact may be presented everywhere. The results of the study will be act as guidelines for the veterinarians to control of helminth infection in goats to uplift the socioeconomic status of poor farmers and nomadic tribes.