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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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20111
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Subject: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics × Author: AMMU, RAMAKRISHNAN × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MONITORING POSTPARTUM REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN GIR COWS THROUGH CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS, BLOOD PROFILE AND HORMONAL THERAPY
    (AAU, Anand, 2011) AMMU, RAMAKRISHNAN; Dhami, A. J.
    The present study was carried out at Livestock Research Station of the University on 24 Gir cows of 2nd to 4th parity. The chief objectives were: to monitor the early postpartum period (0-90 days) clinically and through plasma profile of progesterone, metabolites and macro-micro minerals at 10 days intervals; to evaluate the efficacy of estrus induction and synchronization protocols (CIDR, Ovsynch and Cosynch) on day 90 postpartum for enhancing the reproductive efficiency of anestrous and subestrous cows (6 animals in each group), keeping 6 normal cyclic animals as control, and its effect on above profile till day 40 post-AI, and to compare plasma profiles of conceived and nonconceived cows at first AI. The time required for expulsion of fetal membranes, weight of expelled fetal membranes and the birth weight of calf were 4.67 ± 0.46 hrs, 3.06 ± 0.19 kg and 19.08 ± 0.84 kg, respectively. The Gir cows showed complete uterine involution by mean interval of 36.54 ± 0.68 (range 31-42) days postpartum. The interval for occurrence of first estrus postpartum clinically and through P4 profile was 94.29 ± 2.24 (range 70-101) and 65.42 ± 5.77 (range 20-101) days, respectively (P<0.05). The first service and overall conception rates obtained at spontaneous/induced estrus were 41.66 (10/24) and 87.50 (21/24) per cent within 150 days postpartum. The comparative evaluation of the efficacy of three estrus induction/ synchronization protocols tested, on 6 cows each, viz. CIDR, Ovsynch and Cosynch revealed estrus induction response of 83.33, 83.33 and 100.00 per cent with behavioural signs, although all animals were in estrus at FTAI as confirmed by per rectal palpation. The first service conception rates obtained were 50.00, 50.00 and 33.33 per cent, respectively, as compared to 33.33 per cent in normal cyclic -control- cows. The corresponding second service conception rates were 66.66, 33.33 and 75.00 per cent, and the overall conception rates of two cycles over the 25 day period were 83.33, 66.66 and 83.33 per cent, respectively, as against 50.00 and 66.66 per cent in normal cyclic group. The results of CIDR and Cosynch protocols were better than the Ovsynch and normal control groups. The mean plasma P4 level varied significantly between different intervals in all the four groups including the overall pooled mean and also in the conceived and nonconceived groups upto day 40 post-AI. The mean P4 concentration on the day of calving was low, around 1 ng/ml, in all the groups, which further reduced slightly till day 20 postpartum and then gradually increased to reach appreciable level of 2.24 ± 1.03,2.59 ± 1.95, 2.56 ± 1.70 and 3.68 ± 1.30 ng/ml by day 30, 50, 70 and 40 postpartum in control, CIDR, Ovsynch and Cosynch groups, respectively. In control group, all the animals came into estrus at least once between day 30 and day 60 postpartum. Three animals each were inseminated on natural estrus around day 70-72 and day 80-82 postpartum. In CIDR group, three animals each remained anestrous and subestrous until day 90 postpartum. In Ovsynch group, 4 animals were in subestrous stage and two were in anestrous condition. In Cosynch group, 5 and 1 animals remained in subestrous and anestrous condition, respectively. The mean plasma progesterone concentrations of all the groups remained at the lowest or basal level on the day of AI, irrespective of whether they came to estrus naturally or after treatment. Further, the mean progesterone levels, irrespective of control or treatment groups, increased significantly by day 10 post-AI and then remained at that elevated levels till day 40 post-AI in conceived animals, whereas in non-conceived animals the levels dropped on day 20 post-AI, and thereafter showed cyclic pattern upto day 40 post- AI. The overall pooled mean values of biochemical constituents, viz. protein, cholesterol and triglyceride analyzed at 10 days interval varied in the range of 5.82 ±0.19 to 6.44 ± 0.15 g/dl, 79.66 ± 2.70 to 190.57 ± 8.84 mg/dl and 16.31 ± 0.86 to 21.53 ± 1.59 mg/dl, respectively, from calving upto 90 days postpartum. The values of cholesterol varied significantly in all the 4 groups, including pooled values, and that of triglycerides showed significant difference only in CIDR group. None of the three parameters were influenced by estrus induction/synchronization protocols, during treatment or till 40 days post-AI. The overall pooled mean values of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium studied at 10 days interval varied in the range of 8.74 ± 0.17 to 9.42 ± 0.18 mg/dl, 5.66 ± 0.18 to 7.34 ± 0.26 mg/dl and 2.87 ± 0.07 to 3.05 ± 0.08 mEq/L, respectively, from calving till 90 days postpartum. None of the values varied significantly at any of the intervals, except calcium, which showed significant difference between different intervals in control group. None of the estrus induction/synchronization protocols, viz, CIDR, Ovsynch and Cosynch used in the study influenced the plasma calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration. The overall pooled mean levels of micro-minerals varied non-significantly from calving until 90 days postpartum in the range of 0.78 ± 0.06 to 0.98 ± 0.06 ppm for zinc, 2.86 ± 0.19 to 3.35 ± 0.20 ppm for iron, 0.94 ± 0.06 to 1.13 ± 0.06 ppm for copper, 0.34 ± 0.02 to 0.37 ± 0.03 ppm for cobalt and 0.32 ± 0.03 to 0.38 ± 0.04 ppm for manganese. There was no effect of groups or periods on the plasma profile of these elements, except that the values of copper on day 10, 20 and 30 postpartum were significantly higher in Cosynch group as compared to other groups. None of the micro-minerals studied was influenced by the different estrus synchronization protocols used. Among the conceived and non-conceived groups of Gir cows, progesterone and total cholesterol varied significantly between 10 day intervals from calving until day 140 postpartum, including the days of treatment, AI and 10-40 post-AI in both the groups. The mean values of progesterone ranged from 0.39 ± 0.14 to 7.06 ± 1.22 ng/ml for conceived and 0.60 ± 0.13 to 5.14 ± 1.15 ng/ml for non-conceived cows, and those of cholesterol were 81.08 ± 2.44 to 209.06 ± 11.25 and 78.65 ± 4.36 to 216.58 ± 14.56 mg/dl, respectively. The mean values of magnesium differed significantly between periods in conceived group in the range of 2.73 ± 0.10 to 3.15 ± 0.12 mEq/L, whereas no such difference was noticed in non-conceived group (2.85 ± 0.08 to 3.25 mEq/L). Further, the values of P4 were significantly increased in CIDR and Cosynch groups by day 7 of treatment due to exogenous and endogenous source as compared to control or Ovsynch groups. The P4 values in conceived and non-conceived cows of all 4 groups were lowest on the day of AI, with peaks on day 10 post-AI, which were then maintained almost at the same levels in the conceived groups till day 40 post-AI, while in nonconceived groups they dropped significantly on day 20 post-AI and then showed cyclic pattern till day 40 post-AI. However, none of the other parameters studied, viz., plasma proteins, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus and trace minerals, varied significantly between periods within the conceived/non-conceived group or between the two groups at any of the intervals postpartum. The study, in general, revealed that CIDR and Cosynch protocols were better in estrus expression and fertility, and thus, reduce the maintenance cost of dry animals, which in fact is of economic importance to the farmers. The plasma progesterone profile studied at 10 days interval postpartum helped in detecting silently cycling animals. The biochemical investigations helped to conclude that the selected animals in all hormone protocols and control group were healthy and were maintained under optimum nutritional regime, and this was probably the reason, why their profile was not influenced by the various estrus induction and synchronization protocols used.