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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BACKCROSSED COLOURED BROILER PARENTS SUITABLE FOR RURAL FARMING(AAU, Anand, 2009) MAHADIK, PARAG PRABHAKAR; Joshi, R. S.A study was under taken on backcrossed coloured broiler parents for growth and production performance. The backcross of Caribro as a male line with crosses namely Broiler X RIR (BR), Broiler X Kadaknath (BK), Broiler X Aseel peela (BAP), Broiler X Naked neck (BN), Broiler X Assel kala (BAK), Broiler X Frizzle (BF), Broiler X White Leghorn (IWP strain) (BW) as a female line. Also RIR as male line X Caribro as female (RIRB) were produced by means of artificial insemination. Thus, a total of eight different backcross were evolved for the present study. And the traits studied were growth traits, egg production traits, feed consumption traits, fertility (%) and hatchability (%) traits, mortality and economics. The results revealed that among all the back cross parents BBF and BBN crosses had shown higher body weight while BBW and BBAP crosses have shown lower body weight upto 40* weeks of age at almost all stages. All the genetic group differ significantly (P< 0.05) at all the stages. The results shown that the body weight gain of BBF, BBRIR, BBAP and BBW crosses was higher during the experimental period as compared to other crosses. While BBN has the lower body weight gain during the whole experimental period. The body weight gain revealed that the genetic groups differ significantly (P< 0.05) at all ages. The age at first egg in flock was observed lower in BBRIR (132nd days) cross while BBF (158 days) was the cross start production late. In general, it was observed that the BBRIR cross came in production earlier as compared to the other crosses. The Survivor egg production of the different genetic group ranged between (64.44 ± 2.72 eggs) BBF and (77.40 ± 1.48 eggs) BBN crosses. The genetic group had significant (P<0.05) effect among various backcross parents. The rate of lay for all the crosses from 21st - 40th weeks period shown that the hen house egg production of all the crosses ranged between 45.37 % (BBAP) and 55.29 % (BBN). While the hen day egg production ranged between BBAP (45.64 %) to BBN (55.29 %). Over all, the rate of lay (hen house and hen day) from 21st- 40th weeks differed significantly (P<0.05) for all crosses. The highest rate of lay observed in BBN cross and lowest rate of lay recorded in BBAP cross during 21st -40th weeks period. The egg weight of BBN is higher as compared to the other back crosses, followed by BBF which was lower in 28th and 32th weeks but was higher in 36th and 40th week. It was observed that genetic group had significant (P<0.05) effect on egg weight at various intervals among various backcross parents. The average egg mass produce by all the crosses ranged between BRIRB (3.306 kg) and BBN (4.272 kg). It was observed that BBF has the higher feed consumption of 28.55 kg followed by BBRIR, BBN, BBW, BRIRB, BBAP, BBK and BBAK having feed consumption of 27.362, 27.258, 27.121, 27.031, 26.814, 26.752 and 26.522 (kg) respectively. BBAK has the lower feed consumption among all the back cross parents. It was observed that feed consumption per dozen of eggs produced was highest for BBF (3,26 kg) while feed consumption per killo eggs produced was highest for BRIRB (5.30 kg) cross but feed consumption either per dozen or per killo of eggs produced was lowest for BBN (2.72 kg) respectively and indicate good conversion efficiency compared to other genetic groups. The fertility of the entire crossbreds ranged between BBK (92.93 %) and BBW (85.35 %). The overall fertility of all the cross breds was 89.92 %. The hatchability on total egg set basis for all the backcross parents ranged between BBK (90.63 %) and BBW (82.15 %). While on fertile egg set basis ranged between BBK (97.52 %) and BBF (93.20 %). The overall hatchability on total egg set and fertile egg set basis for all the crossbred were 85.99 % and 95.73 %. It was observed that BBK cross has higher fertility as well as hatchability of all the genetic group. During the experimental period (grower phase 6* -20* weeks) no mortality were recorded in BBAP, BBN, BRIRB and BBAK crosses but BBK (5 %), BBRIR (3.33 %) and BBW shown (1.67 %) mortality. During the laying phase, BBRIR, BBAP, and BBW shown 1.67 % mortality. There were no mortalities observed in BBK, BBN, BRIRB, BBAK, and BBF during laying phase. The total mortalities observed were 1.98 % only. The overall economics, shown that BBRIR cross was most economical as it has got 1.78 Rs profit per chicks produced over feed cost while BBW cross was least economical as it has rewarded with only 0.40 paise per chick produced over feed cost.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE OF FOUR CROSS-BRED COLOURED BROILER PARENTS SUITABLE FOR BACKYARD POULTRY FARMING(AAU, Anand, 2009) MHATRE, SUSHANT JAYAVANT; Khanna, KuldeepThe different breeds used as female line to produce crossbreds were RIR, AP and AK, whereas, B was used as male line and the reciprocal cross of RIR was also produced. Simultaneously, pure breed RIR, B, AK and AP were also maintained to evaluate comparative performance between crossbreds and pure breeds. The backcross progenies were produced by using B as a male line with an objective to evaluate growth performance of next generation. Thus the present study was divided into two parts i.e. to study the production and reproductive performance of crossbreds and to study the juvenile growth rate of their backcross progenies. The traits studied both for the crossbreds and purebreeds were growth rate, AFE, body weight at sexual maturity, total egg number, HHEP and HDEP (%), egg weight, total feed consumption, fertility and hatchability, hatching performance, livability and economics in terms of feed cost. The traits studied for the backcross progenies were body weight, weight gain, feed consumed, FCR, livability and economics in terms of EPEI. Among the crossbreds RIRB performed better than other genetic group at all ages except 12, 14 and 16 week. At 12, 14 and 16 week highest body weight was observed in BRIR. The lowest body weight was observed in BAK as compared to other crossbreds during growing and laying period. The body weight results showed statistically significant (P<0.05) differences among crossbreds and pure breeds. The average age at first egg was found to early in BRIR and it was found to be delayed in RIRB as compared to other crossbreds. The results indicated that the body weight at sexual maturity was higher for crossbreds as compared to the pure breeds. In crossbreds the total egg number per dam upto 40 and 60 week of age on hen housed basis was found to be higher in BAP and BRIR respectively whereas, it was lowest in RIRB. The percent HHEP for crossbreds during the period of 21-60 week was ranged from 53.97 (RIRB) to 61.12 (BRIR) whereas, percent HDEP during 21-60 week of age was ranged from 54.01 (RIRB) to 63.08 (BAP). The egg production in the crossbreds was observed to be higher as compared to the pure breeds. The egg weight in the crossbreds was found higher in RIRB and lower in BAK whereas, in pure breed it was higher in B and lower in AK during 28, 32, 40 and 60 week of age. The total feed consumption of crossbreds upto 60 week of age ranged from 46.43 kg (BAK) to 46.70 kg (RIRB). The data on depletion of birds showed that among crossbreds BRIR, RIRB, BAP and in pure breeds RIR, B, AK had 100 percent livability during the 12-20 week period. In the crossbreds lowest percent livability during growing period was observed in BAK i.e. 97.30. The crossbreds BRIR (98.15) had shown the highest livability and it was lowest in BAP (92.60) during the laying period. The result indicated that crossbreds had better livability as compared to pure breeds. The results revealed that the fertility and hatchability on TES and FES were higher in the crossbreds than the pure breeds. It was observed that the percentage of hatchable eggs and chicks were highest in BAK and it was lowest in BRIR. Whereas, the hatchable eggs per dam and chicks per dam were highest in BAP and it was lowest in RIRB. The feed consumed (kg) per hatchable eggs and feed consumed per chick was lowest in BAP whereas it was highest in RIRB. The results had shown that the feed cost (Rs) per egg was lower in BRIR and it was higher in RIRB. Whereas, the feed cost per hatchable egg and feed cost per chick was lower in BAP and it was higher in RIRB. The result was found that among backcross progenies BRIRB had highest body weight during whole 6 weeks period and the lowest body weight was observed in BBAK at day old, 2, 6 week whereas in BBRIR at 4 week of age. In general BRIRB had better weight gain as compared to other crossbreds. The lowest total feed consumption upto 42 days was observed in BBRIR and it was highest in BRIRB. Overall, the FCR for 42 days period was found to be best in BBRIR as compared to the other breeds and poor FCR during that period was observed in BBAK. The BRIRB and BBAK had shown highest livability percent and it was lowest in BBRIR and BBAP upto 6 week of age. It was observed that the highest EPEI was observed in BBRIR and lowest EPEI was observed in BBAK.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON JUVENILE GROWTH RATE OF EIGHT DIFFERENT CROSSBREDS OF POULTRY DEVELOPED FOR RURAL AREAS(AAU, Anand, 2007) SONAWANE, JEEVAN PARASHARAM; KHANNA, KULDEEPThe different breeds used as female line to produce experimental crossbreds were AK, AP, K, F, NN, RIR and IWP strain of WLH whereas B was used as male line. The only reciprocal cross produced was RIR X B. Thus, a total of eight different crossbreds were evolved for the present study. Simultaneously purebred population of K, AK, AP, NN, F and RIR were produced and maintained in three replicate as a control for comparison. The crossbreds were compared among themselves for body weight, weight gain, total feed consumption, FCR, and mortality, heterosis, economics in terms of EPEI and crossbreds were also compared for body weight and weight gain with purebreed control of each crossbred. The results for reproduction traits revealed that percent fertility was higher in all purebreds as compared to their crossbreds whereas hatchability on TES and FES basis was found to be higher in all crossbreds as compared to their purebreds except in F. The BWLH and BF had higher fertility and hatchability on TES and FES basis as compared to other crossbreds. The results revealed significant (P < 0.01) difference between crossbreds and purebreds population for body weight and weight gain. Among the crossbreds genetic group had significant (P< 0.05) effect on body weight at all ages and sex had significant (P< 0.05) effect at 4, 6, 8 and 10 wks of age. The interaction of genetic group and sex was found to be significant (P< 0.05) for body weight at 4, 6, and 10 wk of age. The overall mean values for body weight showed that BF performed better sexwise as well as on combined sex. Among the crossbreds genetic group had significant (P< 0.05) effect on weight gain at all ages except for G7184 and sex also had significant (P< 0.05) effect at all ages except for GO 14. The interaction of genetic group and sex was found to be significant (P< 0.05) for body weight gain for GO 14 and G2942.0verall mean values of weight gain for BF were better as compared to other crossbreds. Percent heterosis for final body weight of different crossbreds was found to be maximum of BF (16.11) whereas BK showed negative (-3.96) heterosis while the percent increase in body weight of different crossbreds over parental female line was found to be ranged between 34.71 (BAK) to 43.54 (BK). Analysis of variance for total feed consumption revealed that genetic group had significant effect (P < 0.05) at all intervals except for TFC7184 and effect of sex was found to be non significant at all stages except for TFC098.On combined sex, lowest total feed consumption (kg) was observed in BAP (4.387) and highest was in RIRB (4.593) while lowest total feed consumption up to 70 days in male was observed in BAP (4.311) and highest was recorded in RIRB (4.616). Lowest total feed consumption up to 98 days in females was observed in BF (6.95) and highest was in RIRB (7.119).During 0-10 wk period on combined sex basis, the best converter of feed was found to be the BF (3.24) while the poorest converter of feed was the BK (4.27). During 0-10 wk period in males, the best converter of feed was found to be the BF (3.02) while the poorest converter of feed was the BK (4.01) whereas in females during 0-14 week period BF was the best converter of feed (3.67) and BK was the poorest feed converter (4.76). Analysis of variance for FCR revealed that genetic group had significant (P<0.05) effect at various intervals among various crossbreds and sex had significant (P < 0.05) effect at all intervals except for FCR014. The interaction between genetic group and sex was found to be significant (P < 0.05) only for FCR1528. During experimental period the BK, BAK and BF had no mortality whereas BRIR had highest (2.50 %) mortality up to 14wk age while in purebred control the percent mortality ranged from 3.33 (K) and 16.66 (AP). Economics in terms of European Performance Efficiency Index (EPEI) was calculated for each crossbred, lowest EPEI was observed in BK (34.85) and highest EPEI was observed in BF (60.11) whereas overall average in crossbred was 48.55.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF ENZYMES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BROILERS(AAU, Anand, 2007) SHARMA, NIRMAL; JOSHI, R. S.Four hundred straight run "Cobb-100" day-old commercial broiler chicks of same hatch procured from Charotar hatcheries, Pansora, Anand, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments viz. T1: Maize-soya control ration, T2: Enzyme supplemented maize-soya ration, T3: Alternative feed resource control ration and T4: Enzyme supplemented alternative feed resource ration. There were 100 chicks in each treatment having five replicates (20 chicks in each replicate). The iso-caloric and isonitrogenous experimental rations formulated for two phases of growth were: Broiler starter (0-4 weeks) and Broiler finisher (5-6 weeks). The crude protein and Metabolizable energy content of the broiler rations were decided keeping in view the genetic growth attained by "Cobb" during last fourteen years. The rations were fortified with adequate vitamin supplements and coccidiostats. The birds were reared in the cage system of housing during the entire experimental period. The average initial body weight of day old chicks of the four treatment groups i.e. T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 48.94±0.37, 47.47±0.41, 49.59±0.41 and 49.38±0.52 respectively that finally reached to 1416.14±21.98, 1415.56±14.57, 1442.29±14.67 and 1448.37±13.55 g, respectively in T1, T2, T3 and T4 at the end of six weeks. The treatment groups did not differ (P<0.05) from each other for body weights. The respective average body weight gain at the end of 4"' week for T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 677.56±8.95, 688.29±9.25, 694.33±8.52 and 701.47±7.17 g, respectively, while overall (0-6 week) average body weight gain was 1367.73±21.95, 1368.08±14.56, 1392.01±14.62 and 1398.99±13.56 g for treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4. The average weekly body weight gains during 1st, 2nd, 5th and 6th week were found to be highly significant (P< 0.01) than the control. The average feed consumption during (0-6 week) in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups were 2809.53±3.86, 2840.47±7.22, 2797.61±7.01 and 2785.18±3.18 g respectively. The differences were found to be statistically (P<0.01) significant. The overall (0-6 weeks) average feed conversion ratio was 1.991±0.007, 2.025±0.008, 1.961±0.006 and 1.941±0.006 for T,, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The FCR was significantly (P<0.05) superior in treatment group T4 followed by T3, T1 and T2. The control group T1 has higher FCR over T2, whereas treatment T4 has superior FCR over the control T3 group. The average dressing percentage was 64.64±0.45, 63.19±0.68, 61.83±0.66 and 62.94±0.77 for T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The average dressing percentage was significantly (P< 0.01) higher in treatment groups i.e. T1 and T2 (Maize-soya group), whereas lower in alternative feed resource group (T3 and T4). The dressing percentage is significantly (P< 0.01) higher in T2 (maize-soya plus enzyme) group over T4 (alternative feed plus enzyme) group. However, the average weights of the organ viz., liver, gizzard, heart and spleen were equal in all the treatment groups. The average % livability of birds for treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 99, 100, 98 and 100 respectively. T2 and T4 group showed highest livability followed by T1 and T3. The European Performance Efficiency Index for treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 during overall (0-6 week) was 163.56, 150.09, 167.49 and 171.52 (%).The EPEI value is higher in treatment group T4 (171.52) and lowest in treatment group T2 (150.09). The higher EPEI. values indicates higher average body weight, good livability and higher feed efficiency and thus gives the overall economics of T4 treatment group i.e. alternative feed resource with enzyme supplementation. The overall results of the study indicates that supplementation of enzymes helps in improving the production performance of broilers.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BACKCROSSED COLOURED MEDIOCRE BROILER PARENTS SUITABLE FOR RURAL FARMING(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2008) Mahadik Parag Prabhakar; Dr. R. S. JoshiA study was under taken on backcrossed coloured broiler parents for growth and production performance. The backcross of Caribro as a male line with crosses namely Broiler X RIR (BR), Broiler X Kadaknath (BK), Broiler X Aseel peela (BAP), Broiler X Naked neck (BN), Broiler X Assel kala (BAK), Broiler X Frizzle (BF), Broiler X White Leghorn (IWP strain) (BW) as a female line. Also RIR as male line X Caribro as female (RIRB) were produced by means of artificial insemination. Thus, a total of eight different backcross were evolved for the present study. And the traits studied were growth traits, egg production traits, feed consumption traits, fertility (%) and hatchability (%) traits, mortality and economicsThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE OF FOUR CROSS-BRED COLOURED BROILER PARENTS SUITABLE FOR BACKYARD POULTRY FARMING(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2008) MMHHAATTRREE SSUUSSHHAANNTT JJAAYYAAVVAANNT; Dr. Kuldeep KhannaThe different breeds used as female line to produce crossbreds were RIR, AP and AK, whereas, B was used as male line and the reciprocal cross of RIR was also produced. Simultaneously, pure breed RIR, B, AK and AP were also maintained to evaluate comparative performance between crossbreds and pure breeds. The backcross progenies were produced by using B as a male line with an objective to evaluate growth performance of next generation. Thus the present study was divided into two parts i.e. to study the production and reproductive performance of crossbreds and to study the juvenile growth rate of their backcross progenies.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF VARYING LEVELS OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF COLOURED CROSSBRED BROILERS BY(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2009) RAJPURA RAISBHAI MAHMMADBHAI; Dr. F. P. SAVALIYAThe experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of varying levels of energy and protein on growth performance of coloured crossbred broilers were produced by using coloured broiler as male line with F1 crosses of coloured broiler with RIR (BRIR), Naked Neck (BNN), Kadaknath (BK), Aseel Peela (BAP), Aseel Kala (BAK), Frizzle (BF), WLH (BWLH) and RIR X Broiler (RIRB). Among seven dietary treatments, six treatment diets (T1-T6) were formulated having two level of metabolizable energy i.e. 2700 and 2900 kcal ME/kg each with three levels of crude protein i.e. 20, 22 and 24% and one treatment diet (T7) with 2400 kcal ME/kg with 16% crude protein, were offered ad-libitum from 0- 56 days of age. The statistical analyses of all parameters were carried out by using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) to find out treatments effect on performance.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE OF FOUR CROSS-BRED COLOURED BROILER PARENTS SUITABLE FOR RURAL AREAS(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2009) ANIL KUMAR RAVI; Dr. Kuldeep KhannaThe different breeds used as female line to produce experimental crossbreds were K, F, NN and IWP strain of WLH whereas B was used as male line. The backcross progenies were produced by using crossbreds as female line and B as a male line. Thus, a total of four different each of crossbreds and backcross progenies were evolved for the present study. Simultaneously pure breeds population of K, NN and F were also produced and maintained to evaluate comparative performance. The crossbreds were compared among themselves for body weight, feed consumed, sexual maturity, egg production, egg weight, fertility and hatchability, hatching performance, economics and livability and crossbreds were also compared for body weight, feed consumed, sexual maturity, egg production, egg weight and livability with pure breeds of each crossbreds. The backcross progenies were compared among themselves for body weight, weight gain, total feed consumption, FCR, livability and economics in terms of EPEIThesisItem Open Access “EFFECT OF ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BROILERS(Anand Agricultural University, 2007) Nirmal Sharma; Dr. R. S. JoshiFour hundred straight run “Cobb-100” day-old commercial broiler chicks of same hatch procured from Charotar hatcheries, Pansora, Anand, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments viz. T1: Maize-soya control ration, T2: Enzyme supplemented maize-soya ration, T3: Alternative feed resource control ration and T4: Enzyme supplemented alternative feed resource ration. There were 100 chicks in each treatment having five replicates (20 chicks in each replicate). The iso-caloric and isonitrogenous experimental rations formulated for two phases of growth were: Broiler starter (0-4 weeks) and Broiler finisher (5-6 weeks). The crude protein and Metabolizable energy content of the broiler rations were decided keeping in view the genetic growth attained by “Cobb” during last fourteen years. The rations were fortified with adequate vitamin supplements and coccidiostats. The birds were reared in the cage system of housing during the entire experimental period.