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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN FORAGE SORGHUM(AAU, Anand, 1980) Patel, J. R.; PATEL, G. J.The expression of various characters in the hybrids/ recombinants depends upon tbe extent of genetic variation as well as genetic divergence existing among parents. Consequently, a high yielding genotype may not necessarily transmit its superiority in ciross combinations. The present investigation was, therefore, undertaken to estimate heterosis and combining ability for forage yield and its attributes in sorghum. The experimental material comprised seven male-sterile lines (KS-5, KS-9, KS-12, KS-18, Martin, Redlan and Craigmile), seven male parents (B.P.53, W-10, S.1049, Texas Sweet, Piper, Early Sumac and Atlas) and their 49 hybrids. The experiment was conducted for two years at the Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, using randomized block design with two replications. The material was seeded in two row plots, the inter and intra row spacings being 60 and 7.5 cm respectively. The study was confined to nine traits of which days to flower and green as well as dry fodder yields were recorded on plot basis, while for plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf length and width as well as number of tillers , five random plants were selected from the net plot and the mean values were computed. Heterosis was estimated in relation to the mid-parental value, while the combining ability effects were estimated using line x tester analysis method. The estimates of heterosis were significant for all traits during both years, but the hybrids showed differential behaviour in relation to seasons for most of the traits. Martin x S.1049, and Martin x W-10 were consistent for heterotic estimates of green and dry forage yields respectively. Among males, Texas Sweet was found to be a better donor for stem thinness and tillering ability, while B.P.53 was a good nicker for leaf width. Anong females, Martin and Craigmile were better donors for plant stature and stem thinness respectively. The SCA estimates revealed the superiority of KS-18 x Atlas for early flowering, Martin x Piper for plant stature, KS-9 X Early Sumac and Craigmile x Early Sumac for stem thinness, KS-9 x B.P.53 for leaf attributes, KS-18 x W-10 and Craigmile x S.1049 for tillering ability and KS-18 x B.P.53 as well as KS-9 X Texas Sweet for green and dry fodder yields. The correlation coefficients worked cut for greea as well as dry fodder yields of hybrids and their mid-parental values revealed that higher yielding parents may not give superior hybrids probably because of lack of variation in their genetic make up. The predominance of nonadditive effects in the expression of yield and its attributes supports that the use of commercial hybrids is the best method for utilizing such type of gene effects to the benefit of human society. In case varietal improvement by recombination techniques is to be done, cyclic method of breeding will be more advantageous.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES OF GENOTYPE - SEASON INTERACTION IN GROUNDNUT(AAU, Anand, 1980) Patel, S. A.; Patel, R. M.Gujarat ranks first both for area and production of groundnut among various states of India. In Gujarat, its cultivation is largely done under rainfed conditions in Saurashtra region. The erratic rainfall pattern of this region has led to instability of groundnut productivity. The development of irrigation facilities coupled with the price rise of groundnut oil has encouraged the farmers to explore the feasibility of growing groundnut during semi-rabi and rabi seasons as a commercial crop. The information on the genetic expression of yield and its attributes under such unconventional farming conditions is very much lacking. The present investigation was therefore undertaken to study (i) the variability in yield and its attributes, (ii) the genotype-season interaction and (iii) the stability of groundnut yield over seasons.ThesisItem Open Access GENETICS OF SOME YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY TRAITS OF INDIAN MUSTARD(AAU, Anand, 1992) Monpara, Bachubhai A; Jaisani, B GRapeseed-raustard plays a key role in the national oilseed economy and ranks second to, groundnut for oilseed production. Indian mustard is an important crop among different species of rapeseed-mustard cultivated in India. But the information available on (1) the differential response of Indian mustard genotypes to sulphur application, and (2) the genetics of seed yield and nutritional quality characters is scanty, hence this study was takenup. Study pertaining differential response of genotypes to sulphur application comprised of ten genotypes studied with 0 and 25 kg/ha sulphur levels. The 1000-seed weight increased due to sulphur application, while siliquae on main raceme and oil content revealed depressing effect of the levels of sulphur application. Other traits were non-responsive to the levels of sulphur application. The genotypes differed significantly for various traits and in general, CM 2, Varuna and HLBJ 7 were identified as elite parents to evolve recombs having high yielding ability coupled with better nutritional quality. The differential behaviour of genotypes to the levels of sulphur application revealed that, in general, RLC 1359 responded positively to sulphur application, while Kranti had depressing effect of sulphur application. These two genotypes would be the better parents for two-directional study of the genetics of such an interesting finding. The second experiment comprised of three crosses viz.. Cross 1 (HLBJ 7 x KBJ 3), Cross 2 (RSK 7 x KBJ 3) and Cross 3 (RSK 7 x RLC 86-62) each having four generations (P P2, F1 and F2). The joint scaling test was used for the estimation of genetic parameters of various traits. The results revealed that additive as well as dominance gene actions were involved in the expression of various traits, additivity being predominant. Crosses 2 and 3 were more desirable from seed yield view point, while Cross 1 was the best from nutritional quality view point. On the basis of the observations, it would be desirable to select HLBJ 7, KBJ 3 and RSK 7 as the parents to make three-way cross to develop a gene pool which should be subjected to cyclic method of breeding to isolate superior recombs having higher seed yield, oil content, protein content, oleic and linoleic acids as well as low amount of phytic, linolenic and erucic acids.ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN FORAGE SORGHUM(AAU, Anand, 1981) Monpara, B A; Sanghi, A KAn experiment consisting of seven varieties of forage sorghum and their 21 F1 crosses was conducted at the Forage Research Project, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus Anand in Kharif 1979 to obtain informatics related to heterosis combining ability and genetic nature of inheritance in these varieties. Observations were recorded on ten quantitative characters viz., days to flowering plant height number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf breadth, flag leaf area, green fodder yield, dery matter yield and crude protein percentage. The parental lines used in this study were: S1049, SSG 59-3, MP Chari, SL 44, C10-2, PC 1, and PC 6.ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN BIDI TOBACCO ( Kicotiana tabaciim L.)(AAU, Anand, 1998) Patel, Prafull A.; Patel, A. D.Tobacco is an important cash crop of India. Gujarat state occupying second position in tobacco hectarage and first position in total production and productivity. Considerable important work has been done in this crop but very little information is available on genetics of yield, yield attributes and quality parameters of this crop. With a view to study the magnitude of heterosis and combining ability of four male-sterile lines and eleven elite strains through linextester mating design, a study was taken up at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Anand during the year 1996- 97. The magnitude of relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis varied from cross to cross for all the characters under study. Hybrid, GT-4(P3) x 161- 67-36 (Pn) exhibited high heterotic effect for cured leaf yield and its important yield components. The results revealed that GT-5 (P4) among the female parents for cured leaf yield, number of leaves per plant height, leaf length and days to maturity and GT- 7 (Pn) among male parents for cured leaf yield, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and spangle score were better general combiners. Hybrids, GT-5 (P4) x 3-5 8-3 8 (P12) for cured leaf yield, leaf breadth, leaf thickness and spangle score, and GT-4 (P3)xl61-67-36 (P13) for cured leaf yield along with number of leaves per plant and plant height were better specific combinations. Hybrids Anand-2 (P,) x ABD-36 (P9 The estimates of gene effect indicated the involvement of additive gene action in expression of number of leaves per plant, days to maturity and nicotine content. Hence, these traits could be improved through hybridization followed by pedigree method of selection. Involvement of additive as well as non additive or non additive type of gene action in expression of cured leaf yield, days to flower, plant height, spangle score, leaf breadth and leaf thickness were noticed. Hence, for further improvement of tobacco, it would be desirable to develop a gene pool utilizing hybrid vigour or following cyclic method of breeding.ThesisItem Open Access COMBINING ABILITY, HETEROSIS, INBREEDING DEPRESSION AND CORRELATION STUDIES IN EARLY SEGREGATING GENERATIONS OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)(AAU, Anand, 1996) DHIMMAR, ZAVER R.; PATEL, S. A.The present investigation was carried out to identify superior parents and crosses for pod yield and thirteen other characters through combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression studies in F2 and/or F3 generation and to estimate parentwise and cross-cum-generationwise correlations of pod yield with thirteen morphological characters in five different crosses involving parents fi^om three growth habits. Three females were crossed with five males in line x tester design. The experiment was planted in kharif 1994 using parents, F2S and F3S at the Gujarat Agricultural University Campus, Anand. Analysis of variance revealed that genotypes differed significantly for all the fourteen characters under study. The linextester analysis indicated significant differences among F2S and F3S for all the characters barring number of immature pods. Thus expression of characters remained consistent in F2S and F3S. Therefore for the studies of diiferent genetic aspects like combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression, F2 and F3 can also be used. Consistent predominance of either additive or non- additive variance components was observed for ten characters viz., height of main stem, number of mature pods, pod length, pod width, 10-pod weight, 100-kemel weight, haulm weight, pod yield, days to flower, number of mature pods and shelling per cent and this suggests that if quantity of F2 seed is inadequate, combining ability studies can be delayed upto F3 generation without losing precision. Additive gene action was predominant over nonadditive one for first seven characters implying that pedigree or bulk method can be used to improve these characters. In case of characters like days to flower, number of mature pods and shelling percentage non-additive gene action was predonunant in both the generations suggesting cyclic method of breeding for improvement in these characters. For this elite plants should be propagated after harvest and used for inter se mating. Four characters viz., length and number of primary branches, number of immature pods and harvest index showed predominance of additive component in F2 and non-additive in F3. Based on results in F3 generation cyclic method of breeding is suggested for these traits. The result of combining ability in F2 and F3 generations revealed that among females Somnath was found consistently good combiner for days to flowering, number of primary branches, pod length and width and pod and kernel size; JL-24 for pod and kernel size and pod yield and Chico for shorter primary branches. Among males JSP-23 was found consistently good general combiner for reduced plant height, pod length and pod and kernel size, G-201 for reduced fodder weight, J-11 for early flowering and reduced fodder weight and TMV-IO for pod width. The crosses showing better per se performance in both F2 and F3 generations could be considered promising for obtaining desirable transgressive segregants. Cross 8 (Chico X J-11) was consistently better for vegetative characters like early flowering, shorter primary branches and reduced fodder weight and cross 5 (Somnath x JSP-23) for fruit characters like number of mature pods and pod length, width and yield. Cross 12 (JL- 24 X GG-11) and Cross 15 (JL-24 x JSP-23) were consistently better for number of mature pods and kernel size and pod yield. Results regarding specific combiners over both the generations for pod yield and other characters were not as encouraging as was in the case of general combiners. For reducing plant height Cross 14 (JL-24 x G-201) was promising in both the generations. For increasing pod length Cross 13 (JL-24 x J-11) emerged as good combination in both the generations. For other characters including number of mature pods, pod and kernel size and pod yield not a single cross exhibited significant sea effects in both the generations. Desirable better parent heterosis over both the generations was observed only in one character i.e. number of primary branches. In three other characters viz., height of main axis, length of primary branches and pod length one or two crosses showed better parent heterosis either in F? or F3 generation. In rest of the characters desirable better parent heterosis was not observed. Undesirable inbreeding depression in F3 was common in all the characters. Among parentwise correlations the correlations of pod yield with days to nower, plant height, immature pod number, pod length and width and harvest index were non-significant in both the parents of all the three habit groups. For the remaining characters significance of correlations varied either with habit groups or with genotypes within the habit groups or with both. Looking at cross-cum-generationwise correlations, in general, the correlations of pod yield, wherever significant, were positive with all the thirteen characters. Correlations of pod yield with five characters viz., mature pod number, pod and kernel size, haulm weight and harvest index were consistently positive and significant over generations and crosses. This suggests that there is no need of studying cross-cumgenerationwise correlations for these characters and that selection for higher pod number and larger pod and.kernel will be the usefijl ways to improve pod yield in both the generations of all crosses. Among fi-uit characters viz., number of immature pods, pod length and width and seed recovery correlations were consistent over two generations in some of the crosses and inconsistent i.e. significant in F2 and non-significant in F3 or vice versa in others. This suggests study of that cross-cum-generationwise correlations will be more fi-uitflil. Similarly correlations of pod yield with different vegetative characters like days to flowering, height of main stem and length and number of primary branches should be estimated crosswise and generation wise as these correlations were not consistent over crosses. Higher frequency of non-significant correlations of pod yield with days to flower and height of main stem indicates some possibility of developing high yielding early and dwarf genotypes. Predominance of positive correlations of number of primary branches' with pod yield imply the need for induction of more branches on the main stem during embryonic development and/or early phase of plant growth.ThesisItem Open Access GENETICS OF RESISTANCE TO RENIFORM NAMATODE (Rotylenchulus reniformis), YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN CASTOR (Ricinug Communis L.)(AAU, Anand, 1996) BHAND, D. J.; PATEL, D. R.heterobeltiosis and 208.76 g seed yield/plant. Additive and non-additive gene effects largely involved in the expression of seed yield and its component characters suggested the feasibility of the exploitation of hybrid vigour on commercial scale or alternatively to follow cyclic method of breeding involving selection of superior recombinants and their inter se crossing for evolving desirable genotypes of castor. In general, the crosses showing significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis also exhibited significant inbreeding depression. Low magnitude of narrow sense heritability observed for resistance to reniform nematode, seed yield and yield components in almost all crosses studied revealed the importance of non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Moderate to high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean for seed yield and its components in various crosses suggested that seed yield and its components can be improved upon by following selection in succeeding generations. Low narrow sense heritability coupled with low genetic advance observed for oil content suggested slow improvement in this quality trait through selection.