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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS IN PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex. Poir)(AAU, Anand, 2012) CHRISTIAN, SOHILKUMAR SIMONBHAI; Acharya, R. R.The present investigation was undertaken in order to estimate the per se performance, extent of heterosis, general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids in pumpkin for 15 characters. The crosses were attempted by using line x tester mating design among four lines and 10 testers during kharif 2009. The resultant 40 hybrids along with 14 parents were tested using randomized block design with three replications at Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during kharif 2010. The analysis of variance for experimental design indicated significant differences among genotypes, parents and hybrids for most of the characters studied. The mean squares due to females were significant for the characters, viz., first male flowering node, primary branches per plant, fruits per plant, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and fruit polar diameter. Likewise, the male parents differed significantly for former five traits along with first female flowering node and total sugar content. This indicated sufficient variability among males and females for these traits. The mean squares due to parents vs hybrids were also highly significant for fruit yield per plant, first male flowering node, first female flowering node, fruits per plant, fruit equatorial diameter, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solids and total sugar content suggested the existence of overall heterosis and the significant differences between the parents and hybrids with respect to these characters. The study of per se performance of parents revealed that the parents Anand Pumpkin 1, PKM 45 and PKM 51 were the better performer for fruit yield per plant and yield attributing components. The female parent, Anand Pumpkin 1 ranked first for fruits per plant and third place for fruit polar diameter as well as fruit weight. The male parent PKM 45 was noticed for first position for fruit polar diameter, 100 seed weight and total sugar content. The sort of the best three hybrids among the forty hybrids were Co 2 x PJCM 19, Anand Pumpkin 1 x PKM 52 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 on the basis of their/>er se performance for fruit yield per plant. The hybrid Co 2 x PKM 19 showed the highest heterobeltiosis as well as standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant among 40 hybrids. This hybrid also manifested significant heterosis over better parent and standard check in desirable direction for fruits per plant, seeds per fruit, fruit weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. Besides this, the hybrids PKM 51 x PKM 19, Anand Pumpkin 1 x PKM 52 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 were also found promising. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean squares due to females and males were significant for fruit yield per plant, days to opening of first male flower, fruits per plant, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. The mean squares due to lines x testers were significant for all the characters except for days to opening of first female flower indicated the significant contribution of SCA variance. The variance for SCA component were higher than respective GCA variances component and less than unit potence ratio confirmed the preponderance of non- additive gene action for all the traits except days to opening of first female flower. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that the parents Anand Pumpkin 1, PKM 2 and PKM 19 were found good general combiner for fruit yield per plant. Moreover, PKM 19 was good general combiner for first male flowering node, fruits per plant, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. Whereas, PKM 2 was also good general combiner for characters, viz., days to opening of first male flower, days to opening of first female flower, first female flowering node, fruits per plant, total soluble solid and total sugar content. The parent Anand Pumpkin 1 depicted good general combiner for fruit weight and 100 seed weight. The two superior crosses namely Co 2 x PKM 19 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 exhibited higher per se performance, positively significant and high magnitude of heterobelfiosis as well as standard heterosis and significant sea effects for fruit yield per plant. These hybrids also registered significantly higher heterosis and sea effects in desired direction for other yield attributing components. Therefore, these crosses could be further evaluated over years and locations to exploit for commercial cultivation or utilized in future breeding programme to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access DIALLEL ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND APHID RESISTANCE IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica junce (L.) Czern and Coss](AAU, Anand, 2012) DHOLU, VINODKUMAR KIRTIBHAI; Sasidharan, N.Indian mustard is an important oilseed crop from Cruciferae family. Due to wide genetic variability existing in this crop it holds potential for further improvement. The present investigation on Indian mustard comprised of 8 parents and its 28 hybrids which were produced in a half-diallel fashion. Two sets of experiments were laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replicatiors each at Plant Breeding Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi 2011-12. One set (protected trial) was subjected to all prophylactic operations to protect the mustard crop from aphids (L. erysimi). Heterosis, combining ability, components of genetic variance and graphical analysis were studied for fourteen characters including seed yield and its components, oil and protein content in this trial. The other set (unprotected) of experiment used for aphid reaction studies was not given any protective spray to control the aphid infestation. Observations were recorded for aphid index and five important yield parameters. Combining ability, graphical analysis and simple correlation were studied for aphid resistance. Experiment-I (Protected trial) Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits. Several hybrids exhibited heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for seed yield per plant and other characters. On the basis of per se performance and estimates of heterosis hybrids, IC-491446 x IC-560696 and IC-560696 x Vardan were found to be most promising for seed yield and other desirable traits, hence could be further evaluated to exploit the heterosis or utilized in future breeding programme to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes. The general and specific combining ability variances were significant for all the traits. The o^gca and o^sca ratio indicated that non-additive gene action was predominant for the inheritance of all the traits except days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight for which additive gene action was more important. The estimates of general combining ability effects suggested that parents i.e. GM-2 and IC-560696 were good general combiners for seed yield per plant and its related attributes. The estimates of specific combining ability effects indicated that cross combinations viz., IC-491446 x IC-560696, IC-560696 x Vardan and Laxmi x GM-2 were observed to be most promising for seed yield and some of its related traits. Assumptions basic to diallel were only fulfilled for days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight. The component and graphical analysis revealed importance of both additive and non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of most of the traits. Degree of dominance manifested partial dominance for days to 50% flowering and plant height and complete dominance for length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight. Asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative alleles and equal distribution of dominant and recessive genes were found in parents for days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight. Moderate heritability estimate was observed for all the above traits. The graphical analysis indicated that primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant and oil content were controlled by partial dominance. Whereas, complete dominance was observed for length of main branch, seed yield per plant and protein content. The over-dominance played a role for days to maturity, tertiary branches per plant and total number of siliquae per plant. The parents had greater diversity as their array points scattered throughout the graph for the traits like days to 50% flowering, number of secondary branches per plant, number of tertiary branches per plant, length of main branch, seeds per siliquae, seed yield per plant and oil content. The outcome of the current study has been discussed in relation to its implications for improvement programme of Indian mustard. Present outcome revealed that breeding approaches like biparental mating followed by recurrent selection, diallel selective mating etc., in addition to conventional methods are suggested to identify desirable transgressive segregants for further improvement of these traits. Experiment-II (Unprotected trial: Aphid reaction studies) The gca and sea mean squares were significant for aphid resistance. The dominance ratio (σ2gca/σ2sca) indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene effects for the inheritance of aphid resistance. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents GM-1 and GM-3 were good general combiner for aphid resistance. The estimates of specific combining ability effects revealed that the cross combinations viz., lC-491446 x GM-2, lC-560696 x Vardan, IC-491446 x GM-1, Laxmi x Vardan and Laxmi x lC-560696 were observed to be most promising for aphid resistance. The graphical analysis indicated that the over-dominance played a role for aphid resistance. The morphological characters of plant viz., siliquae per plant, seeds per siliquae and yield per plant were negatively correlated with the peak aphid population. The oil content was negatively correlated with peak aphid population while, protein content was positively correlated with peak aphid population. It is being inferred that reduction in seed mass during aphid infestation may be causing reduction in oil content, however leaving protein content unaffected.ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN DIALLEL CROSSES OF POPCORN (Zea mays var. everta(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) SONI NISHITKUMAR VASANTBHAI; Dr. S. M. KhanorkarPopcorn (Zea mays var. everta) is an important cross pollinated cereal crop of high economic value. For being tasty and nutritious, always freshly popped for clients and served hot, it is very popular. Looking to the importance the study conducted to assess magnitude of heterosis and combining ability of 45 single cross hybrids developed by half-diallel mating design involving 10 parents and 1 standard check (Amber popcorn). The genetic diversity analysis of parental inbred lines involved in the crosses was done by RAPD molecular marker. The field experiment laid out in randomized block design with three replications at Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand in rabi 2011-12. The heterosis, combining ability and components of genetic variance studied for 13 characters viz., days to 50% tasselling, days to 50%ThesisItem Open Access Reproductive biology, inheritance of flower color and genetic variability studies in Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC.(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) NANDANWAR HARSHWARDHAN RAVINDRA; Dr. P. ManivelDesmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., commonly known as Shalaparni is a sub-tropical perennial spreading herb that grows in dry hilly areas belongs to the family Fabaceae. This plant has unique medicinal value in Ayurveda. Among the medicinal species of Desmodium, D. gangeticum (L.) DC. is the most valued as one of the ten drugs that constitute ‘dasamoola’. Besides dasamoolarishta, this species enters into composition of several reputed Ayurvedic formulations like ‘chyavanaprasam’ and ‘dhanvantharam tailamThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.)(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) DAVE VALAY DILIPKUMAR; Dr. K.K.PatelTobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important nonfood narcotic cash crop and a member of solanaceae family. The present investigation on tobacco comprised of 16 (4 females+12 males) parents and their 48 hybrids developed by using line x tester mating design. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at Tobacco Research Station (TRS), Anand Agricultural University, Dharmaj, during kharif season 2011-12. Heterosis and combining ability analysis were carried out for ten characters viz; cured leaf yield per plant, days to flowering, number of leaves per plant, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, days to maturity, nicotine content and total reducing sugar content.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT CHARACTERS IN RAPESEED [Brassica rapa L.](Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) SUTHAR KINJALKUMAR JASVANTLAL; Dr. J. N. PatelRapeseed is an important oilseed crop of Brassicaceae family. The present investigation on rapeseed comprised of a halfdiallel set of eight parents, their 28 crosses and two standard checks viz., GM-2 and GM-3. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at Plant Breeding Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi, 2011-12. Heterosis, combining ability, components of genetic variance and graphical analysis were studied for fourteen characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, length of main branch (cm), siliquae on main branch, total siliquae per plant, length of siliquaeThesisItem Open Access DIALLEL ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss](Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) NIRANJANA M.; Dr. G. C. JadejaMustard is one of the most important edible oil seed crops of the world as well as India. In the present investigation, experimental material comprised of eight parents and twenty eight F1 crosses developed by crossing the parents in a diallel fashion. Thirteen characters in these thirty six genotypes were studied in randomized block design with three replications at Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Rabi 2011-2012. The objective of present investigation was to estimate the magnitude of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, standard heterosis; general combining ability effects of parents and specific combining ability of crosses and unravel the gene action involved in the expression of various characters. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypesThesisItem Open Access “HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDY FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)” BY(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) NAKARANI DIPENKUMAR BHAILALBHAI; Dr. Amit DadheechIn the present investigation, the information regarding heterosis and combining ability was obtained for 16 plant characters including pod yield and its component traits in groundnut. The experimental material for present study comprised of 12 parents (3 testers and 9 lines), 27 hybrids and three standard checks (GG-7, GJG-9 and TG-37A). The hybrids were developed by mating the parents in line x tester design. The experimental material was evaluated in randomized block design with three replications at Regional Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Kharif 2011. Analysis of variance iThesisItem Open Access “HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF SEED COTTON YIELD AND OTHER MATRICATE CHARACTERS IN AMERICAN COTTON [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)]”(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) DAVE PAVANKUMAR BALKRUSHNA; Dr. Bharat N. PatelIn the present investigation, the experimental material comprised of four diverse female, nine males and their 36 hybrids developed through line x tester mating along with standard check hybrid G.Cot Hy.12 were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station, Anand Agriculture University, Sansoli during kharif 2011. The objectives of this investigation were to study the performance of parents and hybrids, magnitude of heterosis and their combining ability