Loading...
Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
Browse
40 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, GENETIC ADVANCE, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN GRAM (Cicer arietinum L.)(1998) Viswanathan, Aparna; Shukla, P. T.Seed yield is the most economical trait in chickpea, which is a manifestation of many yield contributing characters of the plant. In a breeding programme for improvement of yield, knowledge about variability, type and extent of correlation between yield and other traits can help in selecting the desirable genotypes. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to estimate variability, genetical parameters, genotypic and phenotypic correlation as well as direct and indirect effects of different characters on seed yield in chickpea. The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design with three replications at the Agronomy Farm of B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during 1996-97. The experimental material comprised of 40 genotypes including checks. Observations were recorded on plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, internode length, number of leaves, number of stipules, petiole length, number of leaflets, size of leaflets, girth of stem, root length, root girth, number of pods/plant, size of pod, number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight and seed yield/plant. The study revealed that significant genotypic differences existed for all the characters. The variability study showed that the material possessed large magnitude of variation for most of the characters. The genotypic coefficient of variation was high for 100 seed weight, seed yield/plant and size of pod, whereas, for remaining characters it was moderate to low. Broad sense heritability was high for number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, size of pod, number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant while moderate to low heritability estimates were recorded for the rest of the characters. High genetic advance was exhibited by 100 seed weight, size of pod, seed yield/plant, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod. For remaining characters the genetic advance ranged from low to moderate. Heritability alongwith genetic advance impart better approach for effective selection. Variability study indicated that selection could be effective for number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight, size of pod and number of seeds/pod. In general the genotypic correlation were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlation. Study of correlation revealed that selection made on the basis of more number of seeds/pod, more seed weight as well as smaller root length would be helpful for increasing the seed yield. Path analysis indicated that in selection programme aiming to improve seed yield in chickpea more weightage should be given to number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 100 seed weight.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES IN PIGEONPEA ( Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.)(AAU, Anand, 1994) Patel, Kamlesh N.; Patel, D. R.The study was conducted at plant breeding farm, B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during Kharif 1993-94 involving four crosses viz., cross I (Anand A-1 x Pusa 851), cross II (GAUT 82-92 X AF 100), cross III (Anand A-1 x H 76-208) and cross IV (GAUT 82-90 x ICP 84023), each having six generations P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) in a compact family block design replicated thrice for the estimation of genetic parameters (Gene action. Heterosis, Inbreeding depression, Heritability and Genetic advance) for thirteen characters in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.). The analysis of variance revealed significant variation among different generations in all four crosses for various characters except days to flower, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and total soluble sugar content in cross III; number of primary branches per plant in crosses II and III; pod to seed ratio, pod thickness and protein content in crosses III and IV and methionine content in crosses I, III and IV indicating considerable variability in the material tested for the characters under study. The estimation of gene effects revealed that in cross I, both additive as well as non-additive, gene effects were involved in the expression of seed yield, protein content and total soluble sugar content. Only additive effect was observed for plant height, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight, whereas only non-additive gene effects were found responsible for days to flower, number of clusters and pods per plant and pod thickness. In cross II, both additive as well as non-additive gene effects were observed for protein content, only additive effect for days to flower, plant height, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight and only non-additive effects for number of seeds per pod, pod to seed ratio, pod thickness, seed yield, methionine content and total soluble sugar content. Cross III showed only non-additive effects for 100 seed weight. Both additive as well as non-additive gene effects were observed for days to flower, number of clusters and pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight, whereas only additive effect was involved in the expression of plant height, number of primary branches per plant and seed yield per plant in cross IV. Significant desirable heterosis and heterobeltiosis were observed for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters and pods per plant, pod thickness, seed yield and methionine content in cross I; plant height, number of clusters and pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod to seed ratio, pod thickness, seed yield and total soluble sugar content in cross II; plant height, number of clusters and pods per plant, pod to seed ratio, seed yield and methionine content in cross III and for protein content and total soluble sugar content in cross IV which suggested the feasibility for the exploitation of hybrid vigour on commercial scale. Cross II (GAUT 82-92 x AF 100) can best be exploited commercially as it was found most heterotic. The results revealed that generally the crosses showing higher magnitude of heterosis and heterobeltios is also exhibited higher magnitude of inbreeding depression. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean observed for seed yield and many of the yield components in various crosses revealed that seed yield and its important components viz., number of clusters and pods per plant, plant height and number of primary branches per plant can be improved upon by following selection in succeeding segregating generations. Low narrow sense heritability coupled with low genetic advance for number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight, however, suggested slow improvement in these important traits using selection.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON VARIABILITY, CORRELATION, PATH ANALYSIS AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.)(AAU, Anand, 1996) Doshi, Ketan M.; Bhalala, M. K.Fruit yield ia the most economical trait in brinjal. However, detailed information on the quality traits of brinjal is scanty. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to estimate variability, genetical parameters like heritability, genetic advance, genotypic and phenotypic correlations, path analysis and genetic divergence. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Breeding Research Farm, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during 1995-96. The experimental material comprised of 41 true breeding diverse genotypes. The experiment was conducted in 7 x 7 simple lattice design with four replications. Ten characters viz., fruit yield per plant, pyralid infested fruits, little leaf incidence, dry matter, anthocyanin content, polyphenol oxidase activity, total phenols, glycoalkaloid content, total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were studied. The variability study revealed that the material possessed large magnitude of variation for all the characters under investigation. High genotypic and phenotypic variances were observed for fruit yield per plant, little leaf incidence, anthocyanin content and total soluble sugars, whereas, dry matter, Polyphenol oxidase activity, total phenols and glycoalkaloid content showed low magnitude of this parameter. Very high heritability for all the characters, and high genetic advance (per cent of mean) were also observed except for dry matter. Correlation coefficient estimates at genotypic and phenotypic levels revealed that fruit yield per plant and reducing sugars were strongly and positively associated with each other and also with total soluble sugars and total phenols, while former two were negatively associated with dry matter. Pyralid infestation and little leaf incidence were strongly and negatively associated with total phenols and glycoalkaloid content and positively associated with anthocyanin content. Pyralid infestation was also strongly and positively associated with total soluble and reducing sugars. Path analysis based on genotypic correlation indicated that reducing sugars and total phenols were the main yield contribiiting characters in fruit yield of brinjal because of positive and significant associations and positive direct effects. So these characters were most important to be considered for selection in order to bring about improvement in yield. Thus, for further improvement through hybridization, it is advisable to use the parents having higher phenols as well as reducing sugars. Multivariate test for differences in genotypes showed significant differences for the eight characters under study. Genetic diversity as assessed by Mahalanobis' D2 statistic revealed the presence of great deal of genetic diversity in brinjal genotypes. Forty one genotypes were distributed in six distinct clusters. The geographical diversity was not related to the genetic diversity. The relative magnitude of inter-and intra-cluster variances with intercluster coefficient of variation for different characters indicated that the reducing sugars, polyphenol oxidase activity, glycoalkalold content and total soluble sugars played a major role in discriminating the genotypes at genetic level. Genotypes with high fruit yield per plant and high intercluster distances have been pinpointed for their utilization in crossing programme to realise the broad spectrum of variability in segregating generations to effect selection for yield improvement.ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.) OVER DIVERSE CYTOPLASM(AAU, Anand, 1995) Patel, Jagadishbhai Bhikhabhai; PATHAK, H. C.Six females consisting of two chewing tobacco varieties, A 145 and GT 6, each with three cytoplasmic sources, were crossed with 8 diverse pollinators in a line x tester mating design. The resulting 48 hybrids alongwith 14 parents were grown in a randomized block design with three replications, at B.T.R.S., Anand during 1994-95 and were evaluated for 14 characters. The objective of the study was to investigate the mean performance of parents and hybrids, magnitude of heterosis, components of genetic variances, general combining ability effects of the parents and specific combining ability effects of the hybrids over diverse cytoplasm. The analysis of variance revealed greatdeal of genetic variability for yield, its components and the quality traits. The analysis of variance also suggested that there was no difference between fertile and sterile hyhrids and hybrids from CMS (m) and CMS (u) sources for all the characters except days to flower, stem girth and nicotine content in the former, and for the plant height, days to maturity, nicotine and reducing sugar content in the latter. On the basis of mean performance, hybrids were significantly superior to parents for days to flower, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, days to maturity nicotine content and reducing sugar content. Among parents, males were significantly superior in cured leaf yield, plant height, leaf length, whereas females were significantly superior for days to flower and days to maturity. Estimates of heterosis were highly significant for cured leaf yield, majority of its components and quality traits. Two hybrids viz., CMS GT 6 (u) x 575-28-110 and GT 6 (t) X 362-32-30 gave significant heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for cured leaf yield, important yield components and quality traits. The analysis of variance for combining ability indicated the preponderance of additive gene action for all the characters except leaf thickness, reducing sugar and total nitrogen content, where non-additive gene action was predominant. GT 6 (t) and its CMS counterparts among females and culture 3-58-38, NPN 16 and GT 7 among males for cured leaf yield, important yield components and nicotine content; A 145 (t) and its CMS counterparts among females pm culture 256-26-39, culture 575-28-110 and culture 362-32-30 among males for quality traits; A 145 and its CMS counterparts for days to flower, days to maturity, thick leaf and thin stem showed superior mean performance and superior general combining ability. Among hybrids, only CMS GT 6 (u) x 575- 28-110 involving good x poor general combiners showed significant positive/desirable sea effect for cured leaf yield, many of its components and quality traits. In general, the hybrids involving, good x poor general combiners exhibited highly significant sea effect for different characters studied. The preponderance of additive gene action for yield and quality traits suggests the adoption of pedigree method of breeding for the isolation of superior stable genotypes. However, the presence of high degree of heterosis and sea effect for cured leaf yield and quality traits indicates the feasibility of utilizing hybrid vigour on commercial scale. Here, two hybrids viz., CMS GT 6 (u) x 575-28-110 and GT 6 (t) x 362-32-30 showing significant heterosis and significant/positive desirable sea effects for yield and quality traits hold promise. GT 6 females, culture 3-58-38, NPN 16 and GT 7 for yield and quality traits; A 145 females for earliness, dwarfness, thick leaf and thin stem; culture 161-67-36 for dwarfness and low nicotine content and culture 362-32-30 for high nicotine content showing superior combining ability effects, can be exploited as parents in future hybridization programme. The absence of depressing effect of CMS lines on yield, important yield components and quality traits suggests that CMS line can safely and profitably be used in heterosis breeding programme. Here, CMS (u) females, having, protruding stigma can advantageously be utilized.ThesisItem Open Access GENETICS OF YIELD AS WELL AS SPOTTED BOLLWORM INFESTATION AT SQUARE STAGE AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES IN COTTON (G. hirsutum L.)(AAU, Anand, 1990) VASHI, D. R.; JAISANI, B. G.Cotton occupies second position for hectarage in the country and ranks first for total production. With a view to increase productivity, a better understanding of the genetics of seed cotton yield and its attributes as tell as resistance / tolerance to spotted bollworm a major deterrent factor in increasing productivity of cotton, is essential. Hence the present study was initiated. The experimental material comprised of the diallel set (excluding reciprocals) of nine elite cotton genotypes. In all , 36 F1s and nine parental lines were sown in randomised block design, replicated twice at Anand. The spacing used was 1.2 m x 0.6 m. The observations on ten characteristics were recorded the data were analysed using Method II , Model 2 of Griffing (1956). The genetics of yield as well as resistance / tolerance to spotted bollworm was studied under natural infestation at square stage using intravarietal recombinant. The inter character association as well as cause and effect relationship (Wright, 1921) were also studied for various traits.ThesisItem Open Access COMBINING ABILITY IN Nicotiana tabacum L.(AAU, Anand, 1990) Patel, Govindbhai M.; Patel, A. D.Tobacco is the most important cash crop of India. Gujarat state occupying second position in tobacco hectarage at the national senario enjoys first position in production and productivity. Considerable improvement work has been done in this crop but very little information is available in genetics of yield, yield attributes and Quality parameters of this crop. With a view to study the combining ability of four male- sterile lines and nine elite strains through line X tester mating design^ a study was takenup at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Anand during the year 1988-89 The results revealed that G 4 ( GT 5 ) among female parents for plant height, number of leaves per plant, cured leaf yield and reducing sugar content and G 6 (L. 163-10-40-2-20) among male parents for earliness in flowering as well as maturity, number of leaves per plant, leaf breadth, spangle score, leaf curl incidence, cured leaf yield and nicotine content were better general combiners. Hybrid G 2 ( A 119 ) X G 9 (L. 30-106-15-34- 38-11-4-23) was better for early flowering and maturing, tall stature, and broader thick leaves with profuse spangles. While G 4 (GT 5) X G 6 (L. 163-10-40-2-20) hybrid was desirable for more number of leaves, maximum cured leaf yield and better quality.ThesisItem Open Access CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS IN CHILLIES (Capsicum annuum L.)(AAU, Anand, 1998) Mehta, Pushpak J.; SHUKLA, P. T.Two varieties of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) S-49, and Jwala were treated with different chemical mutagens ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), diethyl sulphate (DES), ethidium bromide (EB), sodium azide (SA) and colchicine (Col.) at various doses, singly and in several combinations Negative shifts in means of the characters viz. days lo flowering, plant height, primary branches and number of fruits per plant were observed in M1 generation. Both positive and negative shifts in mean values were recorded with enhanced variability in the quantitative traits viz. days to flowering, plant height, plant spread, primary branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit width, and yield in M1 generation. Differential sensitivity of varieties and also characters to the chemical mutagens was observed. Frequency of viable mutations due to mutagens was higher in S-49, effectiveness and efficiency of DES and EMS was found higher than the others and combined treatments exerted synergistic effects. Morphological mutants isolated for fruits were more frequent than those for the leaves and plant type. Short stature plants in Jwala and fruits with improved appearance were identified n both the genotypes. Presence of some plants, in the mutagen treated population, exceeding the expression of respective parental means, as visualised by significant differences among mutagen treatments, implies scope for significant improvement by proper selection technique.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDY IN FORAGE SORGHUM [ Sorghum bicolor ( L . ) Moench](AAU, Anand, 1995) Goswami, Dinesh P.; Patel, J. R.Three male sterile lines were crossed with 16 diverse pollinators In a line x tester design. The resulting 48 hybrids, 19 parents and one check were grown In Randomized Block Design during kharlf, 1994 and evaluated for 14 forage characters. The objective of the study was to investigate the per se performance, magnitude of heterosis, combining ability and kind of gene action Involved. Highly significant differences were observed among parents for all the traits and also among hybrids except, leaf stem ratio, crude protein per cent and HCN content. Considering mean performance of the parents, among female parents 3660 A followed by AKMS 14A and 2219 A, while among male parents AFS 26, DSIS 164, IS 3246, IS 3254, IS 3383, PB 23, Piper 65, Piper 74 and SSG 59-3 performed good for various traits. Among hybrids 3660 A x AFS 26, 3660 A x DSIS 164 and AKMS 14A x AFS 26 exhibited good average performance for fodder yield and yield attributing characters. Estimates of heterosis was significant for majority of the traits. Highest magnitude of heterosis was observed for plant height and number of nodes per plant followed by HCN content, leaf breadth, leaf weight, green fodder yield, leaf length, number of leaves, crude protein per cent, dry matter per cent, days to flowering, stem diameter, leaf stem ratio and stem weight. None of the hybrid gave positive heterosis and heterobel tiosis for leaf stem ratio. The hybrids showed differential behaviour in various characters. An observation of the general combining ability effect suggested that 3660 A among females and AFS 26, DSIS 164, Piper 65 and SSG 59-3 among males were the best general combiners for green fodder yield and also for a number of yield attributing characters. The estimates of specific combining ability revealed that hybrid 2219 A x AFS 26 for green fodder yield and HCN content while, hybrid 3660 A x PB 58 for dry matter per cent exhibited the high sea effects. Genetic variance component indicated the involvement of additive genetic variance for the inheritance of all the characters except days to flowering where both types of variance additive and non-additive were involved. To exploit more of the additive genetic variance present in genotypes with high amount for yield and yield components, biparental approach in the segregating generations like F2, using any of the three North Carolina Design or population building approach as suggested by Doggett (1972) using genetic male sterility may be adopted.ThesisItem Open Access GENETICS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERS AND ROOT-KNOT RESISTANCE IN TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.)(AAU, Anand, 1999) SAIYAD, M. R.; PATEL, S. A.The present investigation was carried out with six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) obtained from three crosses viz. Bhavya x GT 5, Bhavya x A 119 and A 119 x GT 5. The experiment was conducted at the BTRS farm, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand in compact family block design during kharif 1996-97. Gene effect, Heterosis, heterobeltiosis and inbreeding depression as well as mechanism of nematode resistance were studied. Significant differences among the progenies for yield and its contributing characters were observed, except days to maturity, plant height, days to flower, in all the crosses, leaf breadth and leaf thickness in crossI, number of leaves per plant in cross II and numbers of leaves per plant , leaf thickness, spangle score and nicotine content in cross III. Scaling tests indicated that additive dominant model was fit for all the characters except nicotine content in cross II and nematode index in cross I and II.