Thumbnail Image

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

Browse

200422
Reset filters
Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2004 × Start date: 2004 × Type: Thesis ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 22
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN Kharif PIGEONPEA [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITION
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) PATEL, CHIRAGKUMAR NATVARBHAI; SADHU, A. C.
    A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2002 at the College Agronomy Farm, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand campus, Anand to study the "Integrated nutrient management in Kharif pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] under irrigated condition". The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture having good drainage, low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and rich in potash with pH 7.9. Twelve treatment combinations consisting of four levels of bio-fertilizer / FYM (control, Rhizobium inoculation, Rhizobium + PSB inoculation and Rhizobium + PSB inoculation +FYM @ 10 t / ha) and three fertility levels (0 %, 50 % and 100 % recommended dose of fertilizers i.e. 25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 / ha) were tested under factorial randomized block design with four replications. The results indicated that the growth and yield parameters as well as yield and protein content in grain were significantly affected by different bio-fertilizer / FYM levels. The treatment of Rhizobium + PSB inoculation +FYM @ 10 t / ha recorded significantly the highest plant height at harvest, no. of branches / plant, no of pods / plant, pod length and test weight. This treatment being at par with Rhizobium + PSB inoculation treatment also recorded significantly higher values of plant height at 30 DAS, no of seeds / pod, grain yield / plant and protein content in grain (23.59 %) than control and Rhizobiiim inoculation alone. Marked increase in the growth and yield attributes resulted in significantly the highest grain and straw yields (1495 kg/ha and 5186 kg/ha, respectively) under the treatment of Rhizobium + PSB inoculation +FYM @ 10 t / ha. It also recorded the highest net realization of Rs 16,413 / ha, while maximum C.B.R. of 3.35 was recorded under the treatment of Rhizobium + PSB inoculation. The results revealed that different fertility levels had marked influence on various parameters except harvest index. Each increase in fertility levels from no. fertilizer to 100 % recommended fertilizer dose (25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 / ha) significantly increased the growth and yield attributes, yield as well as protein content in grains. Application of 100 % recommended dose of fertilizers recorded significantly the highest plant height at 30 DAS and at harvest, no. branches / plant, no of pods / plant, pod length, no of seeds / pod, test weight, grain yield / plant and this resulted in significantly the highest grain as well as straw yields (1530 kg/ha and 4529 kg/ha, respectively) under this fertility level. Significantly the highest protein content in grain (23.91 %) was also recorded under 100 % recommended fertilizer dose. This treatment also gave the highest net realization of Rs 17,462 / ha with maximum C.B.R. of 3.12. During the course of investigation, interaction effect of bio-fertilizer / FYM levels X fertility levels revealed that treatment combination of Rhizobium +PSB inoculation +FYM @ 10 t / ha +100 % recommended fertilizer dose (25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 / ha) recorded the highest no.of pods / plant (147.8) and the highest grain yield (1643 kg/ha). Rhizobium +PSB inoculation +FYM @ 10 t / ha + 100 % recommended fertilizer dose also recorded the highest net realization of Rs 17490 / ha, while the maximum C.B.R. (3.12) was recorded under treatment combination Rhizobium +PSB inoculation +100 % recommended fertilizer dose (25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 / ha). In light of the results obtained from this investigation, it is revealed that the seeds of pigeonpea should be treated with Rhizobium and Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria along with the application of 10 t FYM / ha and 100 % recommended fertilizer dose (25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 / ha) for getting maximum yield and net profit from pigeonpea under middle Gujarat agro-climatic conditions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SEED RATE AND PLANTING GEOMETRY ON WEED GROWTH AND YIELD OF LATE SOWN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) MACHHAR, RAMSINGBHAI G.; Tank, D. A.
    A field experiment was conducted at college Agronomy Farm, B A College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Rabi season of 2002-2003 to study the effect of seed rate and planting geometry on weed growth and yield of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under middle Gujarat condition. The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, having sufficient drainage with pH 7.89. The soil status was medium in available nitrogen and phosphorus and high in available potash. Twelve treatment combination comprising two levels of seed rate (R1 -150 kg/ ha and R2 - 200 kg/ha), two planting geometries (S1 - row spacing at 22.5 cm and S2 - cross sowing at 22.5 cm) and three weed control-methods (W1 - weedy check, W2 - weed free and W3, pre- emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with four replications. Results revealed that total weed count/ m2 and dry weight of weeds (g/m2) recorded lower under higher seed rate (R2 - 200 kg/ ha) whereas it was higher under lower seed rate (R1 -150 kg/ha) at 30, 45, 60 DAS and at harvest with weed control efficiency of 15.29 per cent. Total weed count/m2 and dry weight of weeds (g/m2) were significantly lower under criss cross sowing at 22.5 cm (S2) as compared to line sowing at 22.5 cm (S1) at all the growth stages. The weed control efficiency was recorded 19.89 per cent under R2 over R1 Weed control methods differed significantly in case of weed count/m2 as well as dry weight weeds (g/m2). Weed free (W2) recorded 100 per cent control of weeds at all the stages. However, weedy check showed the highest weed population and dry weight of weeds over rest of the treatments. Weed free (W2) recorded 100 per cent weed control efficiency followed by pre emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha (84.55 %). Crop sown with higher seed rate of 200 kg/ ha (R2) had significantly increased growth attributes viz., plant population/m2, plant height, crop dry biomass (g/plant), leaf area (cm2/plant) over lower seed rate of 150 kg/ha (R1) at all the growth stages. Plant height and crop dry biomass were significantly greater at all the growth stages except at 60 and 75 DAS in respect to plant height and only at 45 DAS incase of crop dry biomass. However, leaf area (cm2/plant) was markedly increased under lower seed rate (150 kg/ha) at all the stages. Similarly, yield attributing characters like length of spike, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and test weight (g/1000 grains) were maximum under lower seed rate (150 kg/ha) than these recorded under higher seed rate (200 kg/ha). While a number of productive tillers/m2 and total tillers/m2 recorded maximum under higher seed rate (200 kg/ha) than these of lower seed rate (150 kg/ha) resultantly produced more grain, straw and biological yields. The reverse was true for non-productive tillers/m2. Harvest index (%) did not significantly under both rate of seed. In case of planting geometry, the periodical plant height measured at various growth stages and plant population/m2 (15 DAS) did not differ significantly. Whereas, leaf area (cm2/plant) at 45 and 75 DAS as well as crop dry biomass (g/plant) at 75 DAS showed significant increase under criss cross sowing at 22.5 cm (S2). over line sowing at 22.5 cm (S1). Further, yield attributes like productive tillers/m2, total tillers/m2, length of spikes, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield were increased significantly under criss cross sowing (S2) over line sowing at 22.5 cm (S1). While non-productive tillers/m2 and harvest index (%) were found to be non-significant. Among the weed control-methods, there was no significant difference found in plant population/m2 (15 DAS) as well as plant height at various growth stages except at 45 DAS. Significantly the greater leaf area (cm2/plant), length of spike, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike, test weight (g) and in turn more grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were recorded under weed free treatment compared to weedy check but it was closely followed by pre emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha. Grain yield established positive and significant correlation (r) with most of the growth and yield attributes. While negative and significant correlation was obtained with total weed population/ m2 as well as dry weight of weeds (g/m2). Thus, the present study indicated that potential production and profit, from wheat variety GW-173V. under late sown condition, can be secured by cross sowing at 22.5 cm along with 200 kg/ha of seed rate in all three conditions i.e no weed control, weed free condition and chemical weed control (pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg /ha ). However, inorder to derive maximum yield and monetary return, crop field should be kept weed free either manual weeding or pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION AND PSB INOCULATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) PATEL, HIRENKUMAR KANTILAL; PATEL, R. H.
    A field experiment was conducted at the College Agronomy Farm, B.A.College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during the rabi season of 2002-03 to study the influence of sulphur, phosphorus fertilization and PSB inoculation on growth and yield of chickpea(GC-2) under middle Gujarat conditions. The soil of experimental plot was loamy sand in texture having good drainage with 7.9 pH. The soil was low in organic matter and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium. The experiment comparised of combinations of three levels of sulphur application viz., So: 0 kg S ha-1, SI: 20 kg S ha-1 and S2: 40 kg S ha-1 and four phosphorus management treatments viz., PQ: No phosphorus, no PSB, Pi: PSB alone, P2 : 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 and P3 : 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD-2) with four replications. One common application of 25 kg N ha-1 was given to all the treatments as starter dose. Plant population at 20 DAS was not influenced by sulphur application. The other growth attributes viz., plant height (At 25 and 50 DAS and , at harvest), number of branches plant-1, number of nodules plant-1 and dry weight of nodules significantly influenced due to application of sulphur over control. Perusal of data in general indicated that the maximum vegetative growth was achieved by application of 20 kg S ha-1. However, plant height at 25 DAS and dry weight of nodules were optimum under 40 kg S ha-1. Increased vegetative growth due to sulphur application had brought concomitant improvement in yield attributes and finally in the yield. The yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1, grain yield plant-1, grain yield, straw yield and test weight were significantly influenced by sulphur application over control. On the contrary, variation in harvest index due to sulphur application was absent. The maximum improvement in yield attributes was achieved upto application of 20 kg S ha-1. Among the quality parameters, nitrogen, protein and sulphur content in giain were significantly influenced by sulphur application. All were improved significantly at 40 kg S ha-1. Differences in phosphorus content of grain was not observed due to sulphur application. The post harvest nutrient (available nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur) status of soil was significantly influenced by sulphur application. The highest post harvest available nitrogen and available sulphur status of soil was observed under 40 kg S ha-1. However, available phosphorus was optimum at 20 kg S ha-1. The phosphorus management treatments could not affect the plant population at 20 DAS. The tallest plant at 25 DAS was recorded under application of 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 plus PSB (P3), while number of branches plant'' and number of nodules plant'L significantly influenced due to adequate supply of phosphorus through application of P2O5 @ 25 kg ha-1 plus PSB (P3) or 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 alone (P2). However dry weight of nodules was also improved significantly by P3, P2 and Pi (PSB alone) fertilization. Profused vegetative growth due to adequate supply of phosphorus either through P2 or P3 resulted into significantly more number of pods plant-1, grain yield plant-1 and test weight and thereby more grain and straw yields and, fiulher better harvest index. The nitrogen and protein content in grain were also improved significantly by P3 fertilization. However, phosphorus and sulphur in grain were also improved significantly by P3 and P2 fertilization. Further, the post harvest nutrient status of available nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur were significantly improved due to phosphorus management treatments. The maximum available nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur were recorded with the application of phosphorus @ 25 kg ha-1 plus PSB. From the foregoing results it is pertinent that chickpea GC-2 gave highest grain yield as well as net returns when it was fertilized with 20 kg S ha-1 as well 25 kg P2O5 ha-1.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF HERBICIDAL MIXTURES ON WEEDS, MAIZE AS WELL AS THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUCCEEDING CROPS.
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) PATEL, V. J.; UPADHYAY, P. N.
    Atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor each @ 1.0 kg/ha, metribuzin @ 0.30 kg/ha and pendimethalin @ 0.50 kg/ha and their feasible combinations applied at half of the rate and compared with weed free (HW at 20 & 40 DAS) and weedy check treatments in a field investigation carried out at the College Agronomy Farm of Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand on maize crop during Kharif season of the year 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 to study the impact of herbicidal mixtures on weeds, maize as well as their residual effect on succeeding crops. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in texture having good drainage capacity. The soil was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, while medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with four replications. All the recommended agronomic practices were adopted to raise the crop. The findings of the present investigation indicated that Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eragrostis major and Dactyloctenium aegyptium as monocot and Digera arvensis, Phyllanthus niruri, Boerhavia diffusa and Euphorbia hirta as dicot weeds were completely controlled by the mixture of either atrazine (0.50 kg/ha) with pendimethaUn (0.25 kg/ha) or alachlor (0.50 kg/ha) and weed free (twice hand weeding carried out at 20 & 40 DAS), while mixture of atrazine (0.50 kg/ha) with metolachlor (0.50 kg/ha) completely controlled Digera arvensis, Phyllanthus niruri, Boerhavia diffusa and Euphorbia hirta upto critical period. Application of alachlor or metolachlor each @ 1.0 kg/ha or metribuzin @ 0.30 kg/ha was found inferior but their mixtures with either atrazine or pendimethalin performed better and gave excellent control of weeds. Pre emergence application of atrazine (0.50 kg/ha) with metribuzin (0.15 kg/ha) did not give complete control of Eleusine indica and Digitaria sanguinalis. Alachlor (0.50 kg/ha) in conjunction with metolachlor (0.50 kg/ha) failed to gave effective control of Digera arvensis, Phyllanthus niruri, Boerhavia. diffusa as well as Euphorbia hirta but excellent for monocot weeds. Further, metribuzin applied @ 0.30 kg/ha did not exert their effect on control of monocot weeds.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION, FYM AND SULPHUR ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arientinum L.) UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) PATEL, RAJNIKANT ARJANBHAI; PATEL, R. H.
    A field experiment was conducted at Regional !3ugarcane Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Thasra during rabi season of the year 2002-03 to study the "Influence of irrigation, FYM and sulphur on growth, yield and quality of chickpea under middle Gujarat conditions". The soil of the experimental plots was sandy clay loam in texture having good drainage with 7.9 pH. The soil was low in organic matter and available nitrogen, while medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The experiment comprised of two levels of irrigation viz., l0 (only pre-sowing irrigation) and I1 (Pre sowing irrigation plus irrigation at flowering stage) and FYM viz., Fo (0 tones FYM ha-1) and F1 (10 tormes FYM ha-1) in main plots and three levels of sulphur (So: 0, Sr. 20, S3: 40 kg S ha-1) in sub plots. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. Most of the growth parameters studies during the course of investigation such as plant height, number of branches per plant, number of nodules and dry weight of nodules per plant showed significant improvement due to application of supplemental irrigation at flowering stage with pre-sowing irrigation. Perusal of these data in general indicated that the maximum vegetative growth was achieved by application of two irrigations each at pre-sowing and at flowering stage (I1). Increased vegetative growth due to irrigation application had brought concomitant improvement in yield attributes and finally in the yield. The yield attributes viz., number of pods per plant, grain yield per plant, test weight and total grain and straw yields were significantly improved by irrigation applied at pre-sowing and one supplemental irrigation at flowering stage. On the contrary, variation in harvest index due to irrigation treatment was absent. Among the quality parameters, nitrogen, protein and sulphur contents in grain were significantly enhanced under pre and post sowing irrigation treatment. The differences in post harvest available soil nutrients like nitrogen, potassium and sulphur were unaltered by irrigation schedule but post harvest available phosphorus was recorded significantly higher under the application of irrigation at pre-sowing plus irrigation at flowering stage than application of pre-sowing irrigation alone. Further, irrigation schedule at pre-sowing and post sowing (at flowering stage) tended to recorded higher moisture content at flowering (50 DAS) and pod development stage than irrigation at sowing only. Growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches per plant, number of nodules and dry weight of nodules per plant were significantly increased due to application of FYM. Profound vegetative growth due to FYM application had resulted into significantly more number of pods per plant, grain yield per plant, test weight and there by more grain and straw yields. Whereas, variation in harvest index duo to FYM was absent. The nitrogen and protein contents in grain were also improved significantly by FYM application. Whereas, sulphur content in grain remains unaffected due to FYM application. Further, the FYM application tended to increase the post harvest available soil nitrogen and phosphorus significantly. Available soil potassium and sulphur contents did not differ significantly due to FYM application. Application of FYM also found beneficial in moisture retention of soil. FYM significantly improved the soil moisture content recorded at flowering (50 DAS) and pod development stages (90 DAS). Sulphur application in chickpea had significant effect on almost all attributes studied during the course of investigation, wherein S2 (40 kg S ha-1) showed significant superiority over S1 (20 kg S ha-1) and So (0 kg S ha-1) in plant height recorded at 60 DAS, number of nodules and dry weight of nodules per plant. While, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, grain yield per plant, test weight as well as total grain and straw yields were significantly improved up to Si (20 kg S ha-1). Further application of sulphur (40 kg S ha-1) was not found beneficial in these parameters. Plant height recorded at harvest did not differ significantly due to sulphur application. Application of sulphur @ 40 kg S ha-i recorded significantly higher nitrogen, protein and sulphur contents in grain over 20 kg S ha-1 and 0 kg S ha-1. The difference in post harvest available soil nutrients like nitrogen, phosphonis and potassium was not observed due to sulphur application. While, the post harvest S content noted significantly higher under 40 and 20 kg S ha-1 over 0 kg S ha-1. Further, moisture content in soil at flowering stage (50 DAS) noted significantly highest under by 40 kg S ha-1. While, at pod development stage (90 DAS) it was remain unaffected due to sulphur treatment. From the foregoing results, it is pertinent that chickpea variety ICCC-4 gave highest yield as well as net return when it was irrigated two times (at pre sowing and flowering stage) with application of FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 and sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of herbicidal mixtures on weeds, maize as well as their residual effect on succeeding crops
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) Patel, Vimalkumar J.; Upadhyay, P. N.
    Atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor each @ 1.0 kg/ha, metribuzin @ 0.30 kg/ha and pendimethalin @ 0.50 kg/ha and their feasible combinations applied at half of the rate and compared with weed free (HW at 20 & 40 DAS) and weedy check treatments in a field investigation carried out at the College Agronomy Farm of Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand on maize crop during Kharif season of the year 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 to study the impact of herbicidal mixtures on weeds, maize as well as their residual effect on succeeding crops. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in texture having good drainage capacity. The soil was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, while medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with four replications. All the recommended agronomic practices were adopted to raise the crop. The findings of the present investigation indicated that Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eragrostis major and Dactyloctenium aegxjptium as monocot and Digera arvensis, Phyllanthus niruri, Boerhavia diffusa and Euphorbia hirta as dicot weeds were completely controlled by the mixture of either atrazine (0.50 kg/ha) with pendimethalin (0.25 kg/ha) or alachlor (0.50 kg/ha) and weed free (twice hand weeding carried out at 20 & 40 DAS), while mixture of atrazine (0.50 kg/ha) with metolachlor (0.50 kg/ha) completely controlled Digera arvensis, Phyllanthiis niruri, Boerhavia dijfusa and Euphorbia hirta upto critical period. Application of alachlor or metolachlor each @ 1.0 kg/ha or metribuzin @ 0.30 kg/ha was found inferior but their mixtures with either atrazine or pendimethalin performed better and gave excellent control of weeds. Pre emergence application of atrazine (0.50 kg/ha) with metribuzin (0.15 kg/ha) did not give complete control of Eleusine indica and Digitaria sanguinalis. Alachlor (0.50 kg/ha) in conjunction with metolachlor (0.50 kg/ha) failed to gave effective control of Digera arvensis, Phyllanthus niruri, Boerhavia, dijfusa as well as Euphorbia hirta but excellent for monocot weeds. Further, metiibuzin appUed @ 0.30 kg/ha did not exert their effect on control of monocot weeds. Minimum dry weight of weeds (34.64 kg/ha) was recorded under combined application of atrazine (0.50 kg/ha) and pendimethalin (0.25 kg/ha) with the highest WCE (98.96 %) closely followed by weed free treatment and tank mix application of atrazine either with alachlor or metolachlor with more than 93 per cent WCE. Application of metribuzin @ 0.30 kg/ha was found toxic, which had significantly reduced the plant stand, plant height as well as all the yield attributes resulting into reduced grain and stover yields. Maximum plant height, girth and length of cob, number of grains/cob, test weight, grain and stover yields and protein content of grain were obtained under pre emergence application of atrazine (0.50 kg/ha) with pendimethalin (0.25 kg/ha) and weed free treatment followed by atrazine in conjunction with either alachlor or metolachlor (each @ 0.50 kg/ha). Weedy conditions throughout the crop season reduced the grain yield by 46.77 per cent over weed free treatment. The levels of nitrate nitrogen in the surface soil was significantly higher under application of pendimethalin @ 0.50 kg/ha closely followed by mixtures of atrazine (0.50 kg/ha) in conjunction with pendimethalin (0.25 kg/ha) at 0 and 10 day. Minimum plant nutrients removed by weeds (0.21, 0.07 and 0.30 kg N, P and K/ha, respectively) was observed under tank mix application of atiazine + pendimethalin @ 0.50 + 0.25 kg/ha, while maximum nutrients uptake by grain (41.49,18.03 and 23.60 kg N, P and K/ha, respectively) and stover (31.42 and 15.70 kg N and P/ha, respectively) was noticed under weed free treatment and higher potash uptake by stover (50.21 kg/ha) was noted under atrazine + pendimethalin @ 0.50 + 0.25 kg/ha. None of the herbicides applied alone or as mixtures at tested rates had adverse effect on succeeding Rabi crops viz., oat, sorghum, mustard and chickpea. The highest net return was obtained under tank mix application of atrazine with either pendimethalin (Rs. 15831/ha) or alachlor (Rs. 15779/ha) and weed free condition (Rs. 15687/ha). The mixtures of ati-azine with alachlor gave the highest CBR of 2.78 followed by atrazine with pendimethalin (2.71), alachlor with pendimethalin (2.68) arid weed free (2.66).
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF WEED MANAGEMENT AND Rhizobium INOCULATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) PATEL, KALPESHKUMAR CHANDUBHAI; Meisheri, T. G.
    A field investigation was carried out during kharif season of 2001 — 02 on sandy loam soil of College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand campus, Anand to study the effect of weed management practices and Rhizobium inoculation on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Ten weed management treatments comprising four pre-emergence herbicides viz., fluchloralin, pendimethalin, butachlor and metolachlor each @ 1.0 kg ha-1 and three hand weedings (at 15, 30 and 45 DAS) and weedy check combined with and without Rhizobium inoculation under factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. Seed treatment with Rhizobium was given in the morning on the day of sowing. Herbicides application was made the next day of sowing with the help of knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle using 500 liter water per hectare. The net plot size was 12.0 m2. Minimum dry matter accumulation of weeds (70.00 kg ha-1) with higher weed control efficiency (90.70 %) was recorded under integrated method (i.e. pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 30 DAS), which resulted in maximum pod yield (1773.50 kg ha-1). This treatment was comparable with fluchloralin applied @ 1.0 kg ha-1 coupled with hand weeding at 30 DAS. Weedy condition for the entire crop season reduced the pod yield by 29.90 - 35.95 % as compared to integrated method. Significant higher pod yield was obtained with Rhizobium inoculation than no inoculation. Yield attributes viz. number of pods plant-1, 100-pod weight and shelling per cent were influenced by integrated treatments (pendimethalin and fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 plus hand weeding at 30 DAS). Maximum net realization (Rs. 29,047.83 ha-1) accured with cost : benefit ratio (4.13) was accured with treatment H6 (pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 30 DAS) followed by fluchloralin alone and fluchloralin with hand weeding. In most of all the examined agronomical parameters, Rhizobium inoculation and weed control treatments have independent in their effect.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SCHEDULES (IW: CPE RATIO) AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUMMER GREENGRAM (Phaseolus radiatus L.) UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITION
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) PRAJAPATI, MUKESH N.; PATEL, J. J.
    A field experiment was conducted during summer season of the year 2003 at the College Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the "Influence of different irrigation schedules (IW : CPE ratio) and growth regulators on growth and yield of summer greengram {Phaseolus radiatus L.) under middle Gujarat condition". The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture having good drainage, low in nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potash with pH 7.5. Sixteen treatment combinations consisting of four levels of irrigation schedules (IW : CPE ratio) viz., Io - Control- critical growth stages, I1 - 0.4 IW : CPE ratio, I2 - 0.6 IW : CPE ratio and I3 - 0.8 IW : CPE ratio and four growth regulators viz., control-water spray (GRo), cycocel @ 100 ppm, first at 25 and second spray at 35 DAS (GR1), NAA @ 25 ppm at initiation of flowering(GR2) and IB A @ 25 ppm at initiation of flowering (GR3) were tested under split plot design with four replications. The results indicated that the seed and dry fodder yield as well as most of the growth arid yield attributes of summer greengram were significantly influenced due to different irrigation schedules. The results further revealed tihat treatment I3 (0.8 IW : CPE ratio) recorded significantly higher av. plant height at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at harvest, av. nximber of branches per plant, leaf area index at 20,40 DAS and at harvest, av. number of flowers per plant, av. number of pods per plant, av. number of seeds per pod, av. pod length (cm), test weight (1000 - grain weight in gm) and av. seed yield per plant. Treatment I3 (0.8 IW : CPE ratio) secured the highest seed yield (1603 kg ha-1) and dry fodder yield (2644 kg ha-1) of summer greengram. The seed and dry fodder yield increase under the same treatment was to the tune of 134.01 and 44.71 per cent respectively over treatment Io (Control- critical growth stages). The consumptive use of water was increased with increase in IW : CPE ratio whereas, the water use efficiency and water expense efficiency were higher with lower IW : CPE ratio. The highest value of net ICBR (1: 17.36) was observed under treatment I1 (0.4 IW : CPE ratio), followed by treatment I3 (0.8 IW : CPE ratio) with net ICBR of 1: 8.62. The lowest net ICBR ( 1 : 7.40) was noticed under treatment I2 (0.6 IW: CPE ratio). Among the various growth regulators, application of NAA @ 25 ppm at initiation of flowering (GR2) resulted in the maximum growth and yield attributes and protein content which ultimately resulted in higher seed and dry fodder yield of summer greengram. Application of NAA @ 25 ppm at initiation of flowering (GR2) secured significantly the highest seed yield (1392 kg ha-1) and dry fodder yield (2251 kg ha-1). The seed and dry fodder yield increase under the same treatment was to the tune of 44.24 and 14.72 per cent respectively over treatment GRo (Control- water spray). Apart from this, application of NAA @ 25 ppm at initiation of flowering (GR2) secured the highest consumptive use of water, water use efficiency and water expense efficiency. The highest value of net ICBR 1: 53.38 was observed under the same treatment. During the course of investigation, interaction effect of irrigation and growth regulators revealed that treatment combination of 0.8 IW : CPE ratio along with application of NAA @ 25 ppm at initiation of flowering recorded significantly higher av. number of pods per plaint (33), av. pod length (9.80cm), av. seed yield per plant (9.43 g) and ultimately secured the highest seed yield (2250 kg ha-1). For securing higher seed yield and net realization from summer greengram crop cv. GM- 4 raised on loamy sand soils of middle Gujarat, it is advisable to apply ten irrigations, 2nd irrigation of 25 m depth and rest of irrigations, each of 50 mm depth to be scheduled at an IW : CPE ratio of 0.8. The first irrigation should be applied immediately after sowing, second at seven days after first irrigation and remaining irrigations at an interval of seven days with application of NAA @ 25 ppm at initiation of flowering, 38 DAS for securing high seed yield and maximum net realization over control i.e. water spray.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT PIGEONPEA CULTIVARS AT VARYING LEVEL OF ROW-SPACINGS DURING PRE-RABI SEASON UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITION
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) PATEL, DIPAK RAMJIBHAI; PATEL, S. H.
    An experiment was conducted at the College Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study "Response of different Pigeonpea cultivars at varying level of row spacings during pre-nrfn season under middle Gujarat condition". The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture having good drainage, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and kdxly rich in potash with neutral in reaction. Nine treatment combinations comprising of three different pigeonpea cultivars (ICPL-87, C-11 and BDN-2), and three levels of inter row spacing (30 x 15 cm, 45 x 15 cm and 60 x 15 cm), were tried under Factorial Randomized Block Design with four replication. A common dose of 25 kg N, 50 kg P2O5 and 40 kg S per hectare through Urea, DAP and Gypsimi were applied in furrows before sowing to fulfill requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur respectively. The results revealed that seed yield was significantly influenced by different cultivars. V2 (C-11) gave significantly highest seed yield (2956 kg ha 1) as well as stalk yield (3248 kg ha-1), over rest of the cultivars. While, cultivar V1 (ICPL-87) produced significantly higher gotar yield (1983 kg ha-1). The differences in morphological parameters and other yield attributes viz., plant height at 90 DAS and at harvest, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length (cm) and protein content of grains were significant due to different pigeonpea cultivars. The cultivars V1 (ICPL-87) showed early maturity among all the cultivars while, the highest protein content of grains was recorded by the cultivars V2 (C-11). The differences in seed yield was significant due to different inter row spacing. Narrow row spacing of S1 (30 x15 cm) produced significantly highest seed yield (2594 kg ha-1), stalk yield (2977 kg ha-1) and gotar yield (2083 kg ha-1). Increasing inter row spacing from 30 to 60 cm resulted in progressive improvement in number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield, stalk yield, gotar yield and protein content of grains. While the plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of seeds per pod, pod length (cm), 100-seed weight was not significantly influenced by different inter row spacing treatments. During course of the investigation, interaction effect of cultivar x row spacing were found significant for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, stalk yield (kg ha-1) and protein content which revealed that treatment combination of C-11 with inter row sparing of S3 (60 x 15 cm) recorded highest number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, protein content of grains and also recorded highest stalk yield with inter row spacing of S1 (30 x 15 cm). The trend in respect of net realization and C.B.R was favourable with the cultivar C-11 and inter row spacing of 30 cm. In light of the results obtained from this investigation, it is revealed that the cultivars C-11 with inter row spacing of 30 cm was best for getting maximum yield and net profit from pigeonpea in pre rabi season under middle Gujarat Agro-Climatic conditions.