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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION IN ASSOCIATION WITH MULCH AND NITROGEN ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHILLI (Capsicum annum L.) cv. JWALA(AAU, Anand, 1998) Chauhan, Naransinh Prabhatsinh; UPADHYAY, P. N.A field experiment was carried out at the College Agronomy Farm, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand on loamy sand soil, with a view to study the effect of drip irrigation in association with mulch and nitrogen on growth and yield of chilli (Capaicum annum L.) cv. Jwala during winter-summer seasons of 1994-95 and 1995- 96. Twenty four treatments comprising of four levels of irrigation (drip Irrigation at 40, 60 and 80 per cent of CPE and surface irrigation at 0.75 IW/CPE ratio with 50 mm depth of irrigation water), two levels of mulching (No mulch and mulching with black polyethelene mulch) and three levels of nitrogen (75, 100 and 125 kg N/ha) were tried in a split plot design with four replications. Levels of irrigation were assigned to main plots and combinations of mulch and nitrogen were relegated to the sub-plot treatments. The results on effect of irrigation revealed that drip irrigation at 80 per cent of CPE in comparison to surface irrigation, remarkably Increased plant height, secondary branches/plant at all dates of observations, started fruit setting and 50 % of flowering 1 days earlier, while initiation of ripening 3 days later, considerably increased chlorophyll 'a' and chlorophyll 'b' and total chlorophyll content in leaf lamina at 60, 120 and 150 DAP and markedly reduced weed count and dry biomaas of weeds, while tended to increase dry biomass of broom rape. This treatment also recorded the maximum values of the yield and yield attributes for green chilli i.e. total number of green chilli fruits/plant, yield of green chilli fruits/plant, average green chilli fruit length and weight, green chilli yield (14140, 17729 and 15934 kg/ha) and dry stalk yield (1898, 2203 and 2051 kg/ha) during both the years as well as on pooled basis. Drip irrigation at 80 % of GPE was also found superior In recording the higher values of yield and yield attributes for dry red chilli yield i.e. total number of dry red chilli fruits/plant, yield of dry red fruits/plant average weight of dry red fruit and dry red chilli yield (2072, 2355 and 2214 kg/ha), yield attributes for seed yield i.e. number of mature seeds/fruit, seed weight/fruit, seed and flake yield/plant, weight of 100 seed, seed yield (615, 681 and 648 kg/ha) and flake yield (1209, 1356 and 1283 kg/ha), respectively during both the years as well as on pooled basis. Field water use efficiency values for green chilli, dry red chilli and seed yields were maximum under drip Irrigation at 40 % of CPE during both the years and in the pooled results and the values of field WUE under drip irrigation at 80 % of CPE were comparatively higher than that under surface irrigation. Different levels of irrigation did not influence significantly the root-knot index and nutrient status of soil I.e. total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potash after harvest of first and second season crop. The results pertaining to the effect of mulching revealed that as compared to no mulch, treatment of mulching with black PM remarkably increased plant height, secondary branches/plant, chlorophyll 'a', chlorophyll 'b' and total chlorophyll content in leaf lamina at 60, 120 and 150 DAP, yield attributes for green chilli yield i.e. number of green chilli fruits/plant, yield of green chilli fruits/plant, green chilli fruit length and weiglit, yield attributes for dry red chilli yield i.e. number of dry red fruits/plant, yield of dry red fruits/plant, weight of dry red chilli fruit, yield attributes for seed and flake yields i.e. number of mature seeds/fruit and seed weight/fruit, while remarkably reduced total weed cotint, dry blomass of weed as well as broom rape, favoured early fruit setting, during both the years and in the pooled analysis. Green chilli yield (12785, 15171 and 13978 kg/ha), dry stalk yield (1809, 2199 and 2004 kg/ha), dry red chilli yield (1967, 2202 and 2086 kg/ha), seed yield (579, 630 and 605 kg/ha) and flake yield (1138, 1266 and 1202 kg/ha) were recorded the maximum under mulching treatment during the year 1994-95, 1995-96 and in the pooled results, respectively. Mulching treatment also registered the highest field WUE for green chilli, dry red chilli and seed yield during both the years and in the pooled analysis. This treatment also increased N, P and K content in dry red chilli and dry stalk during both the years and significantly increased uptake of N, P and K by crop during both the years and in the pooled results over no mulch. Treatment of mulching did not influence significantly the root-knot index, days to 50 % flowering, initiation of ripening, weight of dry red fruit, total soil nitrogen, available phosphorus and potash status of soil after harvest of first and second season crop. Among different levels of nitrogen, as compared to lower level of 75 kg N/ha, the nitrogen fertigation @ 125 kg/ha recorded the maximum values of plant height, secondary branches/plant, chlorophyll 'a', chlorophyll 'b' and total chlorophyll contents in leaf lamina, dry weight of weeds as well as broom rape, yield attributes for green chilli, i.e. total number of green chilli fruits/plant, yield of green chilli fruits/plant, average length and weight of green chilli fruit, yield attributes of dry red chilli and seed yields, i.e. total number of dry red chilli fruits/plant, yield of dry red chilli fruits/plant, number of mature seeds/fruit, seed weight/fruit, seed and flake yields/plant weight of dry red fruit and 100 seed during both the years and on pooled results. This treatment also registered the maximum yields of green chill fruit (13235, 15320 and 14277 kg/ha), dry stalk (1863, 2063 and 1963 kg/ha), dry red chili (2023, 2207and 2115 kg/ha), need yield (588, 630 and 630 kg/ha) and flake yield (1175, 1272 and 1223 kg/ha) during both the years and in the pooled result, respectively. Field WUE for green chilli, dry red chilli and seed yields and N, P and K content in dry stalk and P and K content in dry red chilli and uptake of N, P and K, total soil nitrogen after harvest of first and second season crop during both the years as well as In the pooled results. Different levels of nitrogen did not influence significantly root-knot index, days to 60 % flowering, fruit setting initiation and weed count. Though the nitrogen level 125 kg/ha recorded the maximum values of these characters, this treatment tended to delay initiation of fruit ripening. Interactive effect I x M was found significant in respect of chlorophyll 'a' and chlorophyll 'b' contents in leaf lamina at 60 DAP, total chlorophyll at 60 and 150 DAP, dry weight of broom rape, number of green chilli and dry red chilli fruits/plant, green chilli yield, flake yield and K uptake and treatment combination of drip irrigation at 80 % CPE coupled with tarping with black polyethelene mulch on soil was found superior in recording the maximum values of these parameters. Interactive effect I x N was found significant for chlorophyll 'a' and total chlorophyll contents in leaf lamina at 120 DAP, total dry weight of weeds, stalk yield, number of dry red fruits/plant, seed and flake yield/plant, field WUE for green chilli, dry red chilli and seed yield. Treatment combination of drip irrigation at 80 % of CPE in association with 125 kg N/ha stood first. Interactive effect M x N had significantly influenced total dry weight of weeds, green chili yield, dry stalk yield, dry fruit yield/plant, dry fruit yield/ha, seed and flake yields/ha, field WUE for green, dry red chilli and seed yield and K uptake. All these characters were the under treatment combination of mulch in conjuction with 125 kg N/ha. From the economic point of view, treatment involving drip irrigation at 80 % of CPE, coupled with mulching (black PM) and application of @125 kg/ha nitrogen through fertigation in form of uren in 10 equal splits at every 4th Irrigation starting from third irrigation registered the highest green chilli yield (18939 kg/ha) or dry red chilli yield (2689 kg/ha) or seed yield (791 kg/ha) with the net benefit of Rs. 47287 or 40369 or 192018 for respective yields. Drip should be run with the pressure of 1 kg/cm2 for the period of 10.30 to 11.00 hrs before transplanting for complete wetting of soil for transplanting of seedlings and 3.30 to 4.00 hrs after 3 days of planting as common irrigations and subsequently It should ba run at three days interval for the period of 3.30 to 4.15 hrs in, October and November, 3.00 hrs In December and January; 3.45 to 4.30 hrs. in February and 5.30 to 6.00 hrs in March and 6.45 to 7.15 hrs in April. Under situation of assured irrigation If a farmer is not in a position to adopt drip Irrigation system or black polyethelene mulching, 15 irrigations each of 50 mm depth including two common irrigations for transplanting and establishment of the crop should be given and crop should be fertilized with 125 kg N/ha in four equal splits at 30 days interval for obtaining maximum benefit from green or dry red chilli yield. Irrigation should be applied at an Intervals of 12-13 days in November, 17-19 days In December, January and February, 10-12 days In March and 8 days In the month of April. Seed crop fetched the highest net profit (Ra. 133866/ha) when mulching was done in addition to above combination of the treatments.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF SUMMER GREENGRAM [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] TO DATES OF SOWING AND LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 1998) Chotaliya, Ramji L.; PATEL, J. J.A field experiment was conducted on loamy sand soil of Pulse Research Station, Model Farm, Gujarat Agricultural University, Vadodara to study the Response of Summer Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] to Dates of Sowing, and Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus during summer season 1996. Twenty seven combinations comprising three dates of sowing, alloted in main plot as main plot treatments (D1 : 15th February, D2 : 1st March, D3 : 15th March), and as sub plot treatments three levels, each of nitrogen (N1: 10 kg ha-1, N2 : 20 kg ha-1 and N3 : 30 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (P1 : 20 kg ha-1, P2 : 40 kg ha-1 and P3 : 60 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications using greengram cv. GM-3. The result revealed that crop sown on 1st March had significantly increased initial and final plant stands,periodical plant height (at 20th DAS, 45th DAS and at harvest), number of effective branches plant-1, pod plant-1, pod length, grain and fodder yield whereas grain pod-1 and test weight remain unchanged due to various dates of sowing.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTER AND INTRA ROW SPACINGS AND DIRECTION OF SOWING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] Cv. GM-1 UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 1998) Desai, Chintankumar Niranjanbhai; Patel, J. R.A field experiment was conducted at the College Agronomy Farm, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during rabi season of 1996-97 to study the effect of inter and intra row spacings and direction of sowing on growth and yield of mustard Cv. GM-1 under Middle Gujarat Agroclimatic conditions. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture having good drainage with 7.8 pH. The soil was deficient in total nitrogen (0.036%). high in available phosphorus (60 kg P2O5-1) and medium in available potash (276 kg K2O ha-1). The experiment comprised of three levels each of inter row (30, 45 and 60 cm) and intra row (no thinning, 15 and 20 cm) spacings alongwith two directions of sowing (East-West and North-South). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with four replications. Results indicated that maximum initial plant population and plant population at harvest were recorded under 30 cm inter row spacing. Inter row spacing of 60 cm recorded higher drymatter production per plant and maximum number of primary, secondary and tertiary branches per plant than other spacings. However, for LAT, 30 cm inter row spacing was optimum, while the plant height was not affected due to inter row spacing. Among different inter row spacings, 60 cm spacing brought concomitant improvement in the yield attributes viz., siliquae per plant, length of siliqua, seeds per siliqua and seed yield per plant. But 45 cm inter row spacing was found to be optimum for total seed yield and harvest index, while' stover yield was maximum under 30 cm inter row spacing and 1000-seed weight not altered significantly. Among quality parameters, oil content was not significantly affected due to inter row spacing, but 45 cm inter row spacing registered the maximum oil yield Initial plant population and plant population at harvest were significantly the highest under no thinning treatment. Vegetative growth parameters such as dry matter production per plant, primary, secondary and tertiary branches were significantly higher under 20 cm intra row spacing, while the plant height remained unaffected due to intra row spacing except at 30 DAS, wherein the no thinning treatment recorded taller plants than others. Similarly, for LAI, no thinning treatment showed the highest value. Increased dry matter production and number of primary, secondary and tertiary branches due to 20 cm. intra row spacing resulted into significantly more siliquae per plant, length of siliqua, seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. However, seed yield did not differ significantly due to intra row spacings. On the contrary, no thinning treatment recorded higher stover yield and 15 cm intra row spacing recorded maximum harvest index. The oil content and oil yield remained unaffected due to intra row spacings. The East-West direction of sowing had significantly increased plant height at 45 DAS, LAI at all the growth stages except at 60 DAS, dry matter production per plant at all growth stages except at harvest number of branches per plant, siliquae per plant, length of siliqua, seeds per siliqua, seed yield, harvest index and oil yield over North-South direction. However, initial plant population, plant population at harvest, plant height at all the growth stages except at 45 DAS, LAI at 60 DAS, dry matter production per plant at harvest, seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight, stover yield and oil content did not differ significantly due to direction of sowing. From the fore going results it is pertinent that mustard variety GM-1 gave the highest seed yield as well as net returns(Rs. 16,989 ha-1) when it was sown at an inter row spacing of 45 cm and intra row spacing of 15 cm in East- West direction under Middle Gujarat Agroclimatic conditions.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMIENT IN PEARLMILLET [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz] UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 1998) Hirpara, B. V.; UPADHYAY, P. N.The field experiment was conducted at the College Agronomy Farm, B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand during kharif season of 1996 to study the integrated nutrient management in pearlmillet under middle Gujarat conditions. The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture having good drainage with 7.48 pH. It was deficient in nitrogen (0.023%), medium in available phosphorus (51.00 kg P2O5 ha-1) and high in available potash (338.20 kg K20 ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Following twelve treatments were evaluated in the experiment. dose of nitrogen (100 kg N ha-1) was applied fro. different sources (farmyard manure, castor cake, poultry manure and urea) in treatment 1 to 11. while in treatment 12 recommended dose of 80 kg N ha-1 was applied. The growth characters studied during the course of investigation such as plant height, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation showed significant improvement due to castor cake application. Perusal of these data in general indicated that the maximum growth was achieved by the application of castor cake based on soil test value (100 kg N ha-1). At grand growth stage (60 DATP), higher value of LAI was found under application of nitrogen (100 kg N ha-1) in form of urea as per soil test value. However, it was at par with application of castor cake (100 kg N ha-1). The yield attributes and yield viz., number of total and effective tillers per plant, earhead length and diameter, grain yield per plant and per hectare, grain : straw ratio, harvest index as well as weight of 1000 grain were significantly improved by N (100 kg N ha-1) applied through urea as per soil test value, while straw yield per plant and per hectare was found to be higher with the application of N (100 kg N ha-1) through castor cake. Lower values of yield attributes and yield were noted under FYM application. Among different bio-chemical parameters chlorophyll content in fresh leaf at 45 DATP and protein content in grain at harvest were significantly increased by application of urea either alone or in proportion of 75% with castor cake + FYM. Crop maturity was considerably delayed with the application of FYM, while it was hastened with castor cake. Looking to the economics of various treatments, application of N (100 kg N ha-1) through urea as per soil test value accrued maximum net realization of Rs. 4666 ha-1 as well as BCR (1 : 1.76). Among different treatments involving integration of organics and fertilizer, 25% N supplied through castor cake (12.5%) + FYM (12.5%) and 75% N through urea was next to urea alone in yield and third from economics view point. From the foregoing results, it is pertinent that pearlmillet variety GHB-15 gave the highest yield as well as net returns when it was fertilized through urea (100 kg N ha-1) as per soil test value under middle Gujarat agroclimatic conditions.