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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN AND VARIANCE BALANCED DESIGN FOR DIALLEL CROSSES(Department of Agricultural Statistics B. A. College of Agriculture Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2021) Popat Raj Chimanbhai; Dr. V. B. DarjiThe present investigation was carried out with an aim to work out combining ability analysis of diallel crosses for randomized complete block design (RCBD) and variance balanced design (VBD), compare efficiency of all RCBDs with VBD and study deviations of general combining ability and specific combining ability effects for different environmental designs. Six brinjal parents viz., GOB 1, JBGR 1, KS 331, AB 15-06, AB 17-17 and AB 17-28 were crossed in diallel method IV fashion to form fifteen crosses. The crossing was carried out at the Main Vegetable Research Station during Late Kharif, 2019 and evaluation of crosses was carried out at the Agronomy Farm during Late Kharif, 2020. The fifteen crosses were transplanted in two environmental designs i.e., RCBD and VBD. Four cases were considered for RCBD based on number of replications included in the analysis. These are RCBD I with three replications, RCBD II, III and IV are with replications 1st and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd and 1st and 3rd, respectively. Observations for three traits viz., number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant (kg) and average fruit weight (g) were recorded.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT STATISTICAL MODELS FOR PRE-HARVEST FORECASTING OF PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glacum L.) PRODUCTIVITY IN KHEDA DISTRICT OF MIDDLE GUJARAT(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Satvinder Kour; Dr. P. R. VaishnavA timely and reliable forecast of yield of crop needs little emphasis for monsoon dependent country like India where, the economy is mainly based on agricultural production. Weather is a major factor affecting crop production in advanced agricultural systems. The large variation in yield from year to year and place to place is dominated by the weather parameters. In view of fluctuating weather effects, a timely and reliable forecast of crop productivity could help in deciding the policies.ThesisItem Open Access ON COMPARISON OF PLANT BREEDING DESIGNS FOR GENETIC ANALYSIS(AAU, Anand, 1997) Patel, Jayantibhai Sankabhai; Patel, N. M.The progenies developed through North Carolina designs I, II and III in two F2 populations of crosses GT 5 X A 119 and GT 7 x A 145 of bidi tobacco alongwith the progenies developed through a 5 x 5 diallel mating design in all possible ways were used to study the genetic variances. The mean performance of the progenies of all NC designs and their selfed progenies of parent plants (F3s) were also studied. Among the progenies developed through North Carolina designs I, II and III, the progenies of NCD II recorded higher mean performance for cured leaf yield and leaf length in both the crosses, while they were superior in plant height and leaf breadth in cross 2. They also showed early flowering in both the crosses. In cross 1 progenies of NCD I showed higher mean performance for plant height and number of leaves. Higher mean performance for cured leaf yield and leaf length with early flower initiation in both the crosses and for plant height in cross 2 was observed in NCD II and III than their selfed progenies (F3). NCD I progenies were superior for plant height and number of leaves/plant in cross 1 than their F3s. Mean performance of leaf breadth was higher in all NC designs than their respective Fas in both the crosses. Additive variances for all the characters were found nonsignificant in NCD I (both the crosses) and in NCD II in cross 2. Number of leaves/plant in NCD II and days to flower in NCD III in cross 1 and cured leaf yield and plant height in both the crosses exhibited significant additive variances. Barring leaf breadth all the additive variances in diallel were significant. In cross 1 none of the dominance variances in NCD II and III was significant. In NCD I dominance variances for cured leaf yield and leaf length in both the crosses, number of leaves and leaf breadth in cross 1 and days to flower and plant height in cross 2 were significant. In cross 2 cured leaf yield in NCD II and plant height in NCD III exhibited significant dominance variance. Dominance variances for plant height, leaf length and leaf breadth were significant in diallel design. Dominance ratio were inconsistent in different NC designs within crosses barring the plant height which showed partial dominance in all NC designs. Barring the plant height in cross 1 all characters in NCD III and diallel design expressed partial dominance of genes. The highest percentage of significant additive and dominance variances were observed in diallel design and NCD I, respectively. All the additive variances were positive in NCD II and diallel design. The highest percentage of variances with SE lower than their estimates was observed in diallel and NCD I for additive and dominance variances, respectively. Significance and standard errors of both the variances and signs of additive variance were found to be dependent on the type of mating design. Considering significance, signs and SE of the estimated variances and practical application in field diallel design was found to be most suitable design for the study of genetic variances in quantitative traits.ThesisItem Open Access NORTH CAROLINA DESIGNS IN ANALYSING GENETIC VARIATION(AAU, Anand, 1997) SUNDAR, R. M.; PATEL, N. M.Information involving various experimental designs on the estimates of genetic variance on a number of populations is available in literature. Practically, no information is available on relative efficiency of various genetic experimental designs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study the genetic variance obtained in North Carolina designs I and II for yield and yield attributes of bidi tobacco and also to compare relative efficiency of both the designs. The present investigation was conducted at the Bidi Tobacco Research Station (BTRS), Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand during the years 1994-95 and 1995-96. Crosses using North Carolina designs I and II were made in F2 populations of GT5xA119 (cross 1) and GT7xA145 (cross 2). The field experiment was conducted in the Compact family block design with two replications. Each experimental plot had two row of ten plants each, the inter and intra row spacing being 90cm and 75cm, respectively. The characters studied were days to flower, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness and cured leaf yield. On the basis of resuhs obtained through statistical analysis of North Carolina designs I and 11 on bidi tobacco, it can be generalized that gene actions differed with different characters in cross 1 of NCD I and II barring cured leaf yield which was solely governed by non-additive gene action. In case of cross 2 under both the designs, cured leaf yield was governed by additive and dominant gene actions, number of leaves by additive gene action and average leaf length by non-additive gene action. Other characters showed differential response. The comparison of designs showed preference to NCD 11 for estimating genetic variances. The present study is based on two crosses under two designs. Therefore, there is a need to confirm the results by taking large number of crosses in various crops under different environmental conditions.ThesisItem Open Access ON COMPARISON OF SOME STABILITY ANALYSIS MODELS(AAU, Anand, 1994) Prajapati, Babulal H.; Patel, N. M.The genotype x environment interaction is of raajor concern. in plant breeding prograroraes. Number of statistical methods have been developed to analyse G x E interaction and thereby to evaluate phenotypic stability of genotypes. However, the literature on comparison of stability analysis models is very scanty. Literature on stability analysis of genotypes of various crops tested over space and time is available in plenty. But such information is not available 'very specifically for genotypes of any crop tested under varying weed management aspects. The present study, therefore, was undertaken to compare some stability analysis models including safety-first indices empirically. For this purpose nine genotypes of pearl millet were screened under four weed management treatments viz., no weeding, hand weeding and herbicide (atrazine) at two levels during the iiMrll season of the years 1990, 1991 and 1992 at Anand The genotypes tested were GHB 27, GHB 30, GHB 32,- GHB 181, GHB 183, GHB 184, GHB 229, MH 179 and BK 560. The data on grain yield, dry fodder yield, plant stand, plant height, earhead length and weed counts were recorded at harvest and analysed. Three stability analysis models proposed by Eberhart and Russell (1966), Perkins and Jinks (1968a) and Freeman and Perkins (1971) were compared empirically for their efficiency. Safety-first indices were also attempted for the purpose. Differential response of genotypes to environment was observed in individual year as well as in pooled analysis for grain and dry fodder yield. Ranking pattern of genotypes based on stability parameters viz., bi and Szdi was similar under Eberhart and Russell (1966) and Perkins and Jinks (1968a) models; Freeman and Perkins (1971) model deviated from Eberhart and Russell and Perkins and Jinks models in this respect. Eberhart and Russell model (1966) was considered as better from precision and computation convenience. Safety-first indices studied had limited practical utility. The environment-wise (weed management treatmentwise) analysis sliowed variable response of genotypes to weed control treatments. GHB 229 was high yielding stable genotype in no weeding and hand weeding environments but not under herbicide application, MH 179 appeared high yielding and stable under herbicide application for weed control conditions. "No weeding no herbicide application" practice as cost saving agronomic practice can be advocated if genotype like GHB 229 is made available to the farmers. This hybrid is high yielding and stable in performance.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF SOME METHODS OF ESTIMATION OF HERITABILITY AND GENETIC GAIN IN GIR CATTLE(AAU, Anand, 1994) Kalawadia, R. L.; Vaishnav, M. R.The present investigation was aimed to compare some methods of estimation of heritability and genetic gain in Gir cattle. The data on various characters of Gir cattle were collected for first three consecutive lactations of 475 cows (daughters) of 54 sires, covering the period 1965-1991. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Heritability for various characters related to first lactation was estimated by paternal half sib correlation and intra-sire regression of daughter on dam methods and that for three lactations by paternal half sib method. The Smith's method was employed to estimate phenotypic gain (trend) for various characters. The genetic gain was estimated by three methods viz., Smith's method I, Smith's method III and Narain and Garg's method. In both the cases the ratio of SE to estimate was used to judge the efficiency of the method.ThesisItem Open Access COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION IN FIELD EXPERIMENTS AND YARDSTICK THEREOF - AN EMPIRICAL STUDY(AAU, Anand, 1994) Patel, Jayati K.; Patel, N. M.The coefficient of variation (in per cent) is a good index of reliability of the results of field experiments. The precision of the treatment estimates depends on the magnitude of experimental error which is usually expressed in term of coefficient of variation (C. V. %). Besides, fertility variation among experimental units (plots), experimental and climatic factors are also affecting the C. V.%. There is no yardstick for accepting the experimental results on the basis of C. V. %. It was felt worthwhile to identify the factors influencing variability existed in the experimental data (C. V. %). and also to determine the yardstick for C. V. % which can help in accepting or rejecting the experimental results.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY ANALYSIS IN FIELD EXPERIMENTATION A CASE STUDY ON MAIZE(AAU, Anand, 1995) Singh, Virendra Pratap; Patel, N. M.Variability as judged by the coefficient of variation in per cent (CV) is an indicator of reliability of the experimental estimates of the field experiments. CV depends on the experimental, soil and climatic factors. No work so far has been initiated on these aspects, particularly, for maize crop grown in the Middle Gujarat in agro-climatic conditions. The experiments on maize crop, conducted at the Maize Research Station, Godhra show very large variation (CV) in results, calling attention of Agricultural Statisticians to search on method(s) which may help in lowering CV of the field experiments. Similarly, there is no yardstick for determining upper bound of CV which can help in accepting or rejecting the experimental results. Therefore, the present study, being location as well as crop specific, was initiated (i) to study the experimental factors responsible for high variability in the field experiments conducted at Godhra Farm on maize crop, (ii) to study the distribution of CV observed in the field experiments, (iii) to develop yardstick for the reliability of experimental results, and (iv) to generate information on plot techniques including optimum plot size and shape for minimizing the experimental error. For achieving the goal, secondary data of 231 field experiments and primary data generated through the uniformity trial, on maize were analysed statistically. The results revealed the following. * The CV of maize experiments conducted at Godhra Farm was influenced by the experimental plot size, number of treatments and number of replications. * The CV of maize experiments followed positively skewed and leptocurtic distribution and gave best fit to the erlang distribution. * The yardstick of CV for the field experiments was obtained as 31 per cent, which is on higher side. * The optimum plot size through the univariate and multivariate approaches was found to be of 10 units (6.0 sq.ra) with a shape of 5 rows each of 2 ra length. * The soil heterogeneity indices revealed that the variation in soil fertility was in patches. * Block size (i.e., number of treatments) influenced the precision of the experimental estimates. * Among various experimental designs, latin square design was comparatively more efficient than other designs for field experiments on maize crop at the Godhra Farm. The present study indicated that the site (location) for the field experimentation on maize crop is not proper due to high soil fertility variation.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT STATISTICAL MODELS FOR PRE-HARVEST FORECASTING OF PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glacum L.) PRODUCTIVITY IN KHEDA DISTRICT OF MIDDLE GUJARAT(AAU, Anand, 2017) SATVINDER KOUR; Dr. P. R. VaishnavA timely and reliable forecast of yield of crop needs little emphasis for monsoon dependent country like India where, the economy is mainly based on agricultural production. Weather is a major factor affecting crop production in advanced agricultural systems. The large variation in yield from year to year and place to place is dominated by the weather parameters. In view of fluctuating weather effects, a timely and reliable forecast of crop productivity could help in deciding the policies. The present study has been taken up to, 1) Explore the possibility of suggesting suitable statistical model for pre-harvest forecasting of productivity of pearl millet for Kheda district of Gujarat, using weather parameters. 2) Compare the efficiency of different statistical models. 3) Assess the impact of weather parameters on pearl millet productivity. To estimate the effect of weather variables and technological advances, productivity data from 1982 to 2013 were collected. The weekly averages of weather variables viz., bright sunshine hours (BSS), maximum temperature (MAXT), minimum temperature (MINT), morning relative humidity (RH1), afternoon relative humidity (RH2) and weekly total rainfall (RF) from 26th to 38th standard meteorological week for kharif and from 5th to 16th standard meteorological week for summer pearl millet of the respective year were considered in the study. The week-wise approach was used with original weather variables, whereas generated variables with correlation coefficient and week number as weight were also tried. Time trend was also included as independent variable in all the approaches. To provide early forecasts different week intervals (12 to 13) for kharif and (11 to 12) for summer pearl millet were considered. Three sets of multiple linear regression equations consisting of 27, 28 and 29 years data for each model were fitted. The effects of all the weather variables in relation to their quantum and direction differed in models over the approaches. However, they were found important for prediction point of view in the pearl millet productivity. Week-wise approach using original weather variables were found suitable for kharif and summer pearl millet models, while correlation coefficient as weight with generated weather variables was found suitable for summer pearl millet model only. These approaches provided pre-harvest forecasting models of Kheda district, one week before expected harvest for kharif pearl millet and 2 weeks before expected harvest for summer pearl millet. The selected models for pre-harvest forecast explained more than 50 per cent of total variation in pearl millet productivity with simulated forecast error below 15 per cent. The best fitted pre-harvest forecast model based on week-wise approach using original weather variables are Y = 5048.35 - 98.60 X3W29 + 46.81 X3W30 – 26.53 X5W35 – 39.60 X1W34 (R2 = 50.40%) for kharif and Y = -495.03+278.60 X1W7 + 19.18 X5W8 – 13.90 X5W15 – 40.41 X3W12 (R2 = 70.00%) for summer pearl millet. Model based on correlation coefficient as weight using generated weather variables for summer pearl millet is Y = -264.02 + 3.77 Z131 + 49.03 Z61 + 8.61 T– 1.60 Z361 (R2 = 70.00 %) The comparison between selected regression models and ANN model on the basis of RMSE and R2 value showed that the ANN model was superior as compared to regression models for kharif as well as summer season pearl millet crop. Based on over all comparison ANN model is recommended for pre-harvest forecasting of pearl millet productivity in kheda district of middle Gujarat. The perusal of the results indicated that effect of the time trend was not observed in week-wise approach (MLR model) on kharif pearl millet productivity. The effect of trend was positive and significant in summer pearl millet productivity. Effect of bright sunshine hours was found unfavorable on kharif pearl millet productivity during 9th week which corresponded to dough stage. Whereas, bright sunshine hours had favorable effect on summer pearl millet productivity during 3rd week which corresponded to fifth leaf stage. The minimum temperature was found to have detrimental effect on kharif pearl millet productivity at 4th week which corresponded to panicle initiation stage and favorable effect at 5th week which corresponded to flag leaf stage. Morning relative humidity had negative influence on kharif pearl millet productivity during 10th week which corresponded to dough stage. Whereas, the morning relative humidity had negative influence on summer pearl millet productivity during 11th week corresponded to physiological maturity stage and afternoon relative humidity had positive influence during 2nd week which corresponded to fifth leaf stage. Further, the results indicated that effect of the afternoon relative humidity was not observed in week-wise approach on kharif pearl millet productivity.
