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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access BIOLOGY, POPULATION DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA HUBNER ON IMPORTANT HOST CROPS IN MIDDLE GUJARAT(AAU, Anand, 1993) Mehta, D. M.; Patel, J. R.Investigations on biology, population dynamics and control of H. armigera on important host crops were carried out during 1990-91 and 1991-92 at the Department of Entomology, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand. The effect of larval food was not observed on egg period but larval period was affected. The larval period was shortest on lucerne (Medicaso sativa L.) leaves and longest on chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) leaves. The maximum and minimum larval survival for both the sexes was . on chickpea pods and chickpea leaves respectively. it was reflected on growth index. The pupal duration on chickpea pods was short. The pupae obtained by rearing the H. armigera larvae on lucerne leaves and chickpea pods were big in size and pupation was very shallow. The adults obtained from lucerne leaves had long oviposition period and high fecundity. The life span for both the sexes was longest onchickpea leaves followed by tomato fruits, pigeonpea pods, tomato leaves, chickpea pods and lucerne leaves. The studies on population dynamics of H. armigera on various crops, weeds, medicinal and ornamental plants revealed ovipositional and larval activity during July to April. The correlation of various abiotic factors with U- armigera activity on pigeonpea showed negative correlation between egg density and soil temperature. Negative and positive association of minimum temperature, vapour pressure and soil temperature was observed with oviposition on tomato and lucerne, respectivly. On pigeonpea and chickpea larval activity was more influenced by soil temperature, whereas, on lucerne minimum temperature, vapour pressure, and soil temperature influence was observed. Considerable activity of an egg parasitoid Trichogramma spp. was found in the fields of tomato, tobacco and pigeonpea in middle Gujarat during October to December. Preliminary studies on resistance in 21 genotypes and 3 local cultivars of tomato to H. armigera revealed low damage to unriped fruits of Karnataka and Mangala and riped fruits of SL 120, F24C8 and Piersol. Karnataka and Mangala had higher marketable fruit yield than others. The degree of fruit damage by H. armigera was positively related with total soluble sugar and negatively with ascorbic acid. Low ovicidal and high ovipositional deterrent effect of neem seed kernel suspension and margoside was found against H. armigera. The spray application of these two botanicals alone as well as combinations with endosulfan at lower concentration gave effective protection to tomato fruits by preventing the larval activity of H. armigera and gave considerably higher marketable fruit yield. The spray application of neem seed kernel suspension with endosulfan had highest increase in yield and avoided 69.33% loss in marketable fruit yield. The residue of endosulfan in/on tomato fruits was quite below the tolerance limit prescribed by FAO/WHO when tomato crop was sprayed with a mixture of endosulfan 0.035% and neem seed kernel suspension (3%). Among the various recommended insecticides, fenvalerate (0.01%) showed quick and high toxicity to H. armigera larvae. The larvae fed on lucerne had higher susceptibility to all the recommended insecticides than the larvae fed on pigeonpea and chickpea.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF GRAIN PROTECTANTS AGAINST Callosobruchus analis F. INFESTING GREEN GRAM Vigna radiata (L) Wilozek.(AAU, Anand, 1990) GEORGE, V.; Patel, J. R.The relative bio-efficacy of some botanical, and other materials in comparison to synthetic insect- cides against pulse beetle Callosobruchus analis F. infesting green gram Vigna radiata (L.) W, was evaluated in laboratory during 1989-90. The synthetic insecticides, malathion and fenvalerate were used @ 0.05 and 0.02 per cent respectively, while the rest of the treatments were @ 10 per cent (w/w) except corn-care, which was at 1 per cent. The seeds under control treatment was sprayed with double distilled water (10 per cent-v/w) only. Five adults of C. analis i.e. three females and two males were released to the treated green gram. The green gram stored with various botanical materials, synthetic insecticides and other grain protectants had comparatively low oviposition by pulse beetle C.analis as compared to untreated grains on the 10th day of releasing the insects.ThesisItem Open Access BIONOMICS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Coccinellidae : Coleoptera) AND Chrysoperal carnea Stephens (Chrysopidae : Neuroptera) REARED ON MAIZE APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch.) ALONGWITH THEIR COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SOME NEEM BASED PESTICIDES(AAU, Anand, 1998) Patel, Dilip P.; Vyas, H. N.Studies on bionomics and predatory potential of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, reared on maize aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch.) alongwith their comparative susceptibility to some neem based pesticides were carried out at Entomology laboratory, B.T.R.S., Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand during 1997-98. The length and breadth of eggs of M. sexmaculatus were on an average 1.035 and 0.396 ram, respectively. The average incubation period of egg was 1.57 day when reared on R. maidis F. The average length and breadth of eggs of C. carnea were 0.815 and 0.375 mm, respectively, with an average foot stalk length of 3.937 mm. The incubation period of egg was on an average 3.97 days when reared on R. maidis. The larva of M. sexmaculatus passed through four distinct instars and each instar lasted for 1.64, 1.35, 1.52 and 2.39 days, respectively. The total larval duration of M. sexmaculatus was on an average 6.91 days, when reared on R. maidis. Whereas, the larva of C. carnea passed through three distinct instars and each instar lasted for 5.10, 3.24 and 3.84 days, respectively. The total larval duration of C. carnea was on an average 12.28 days when reared on R. maidis. The average pre-pupal and pupal periods of M. sexmaculatus were observed as 15.78 hrs. and 3.30 days, respectively when reared on R. maidis. Whereas, the average pre-pupal and pupal periods of C. carnea were observed as 6.87 hrs. and 7.92 days, respectively when reared on R. maidis. Average pre-oviposition, oviposit ion and post-oviposit ion periods of M. sexmaculatus were 2.85, 14.92 and 2.46 days, respectively. INhereas, average pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of C. carnea were 5.08, 12.38 and 10.08 days, respectively when fed on same aphid species. Longevity of male and female beetles of M. sexmaculatus with food was 16.00 and 20.38 days, respectively whereas without food, it was 2.80 and 3.60 days, respectively. The average entire life span of male and female of M. sexmaculatus was 2770 and 32.8 days, respectively with ratio of 1:1.30 when fed on R. maidis under laboratory conditions. Similarly, longevity of male and female adults of C. carnea was 17.00 and 27.54 days, respectively, while without food it was 2.40 and 2.80 days, respectively. The average entire life span of male and femle of C. camea was 42.66 and 53.00 days, respectively with the ratio of 1:1.14 when fed on same aphid species under laboratory conditions. The predatory potential of first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of M. sexmaculatus on maize aphid (R. maidis) wets on an average of 8.26, 15.10, 20.77 and 23.50 aphids per day, respectively, while average number of maize aphid consumed by M. sexmaculatus during entire larval and adult period was 122.60 and 412.39 aphids, respectively. Whereas, the predatory potential of first, second and third instar larvae of C. carnea to the maize aphid was on an average 5.07, 16.31 and 41.27 aphids per day, respectively with an average 236.43 aphids during total larval instars. Studies on toxicity of some neem based pesticides in comparison with simthetic insecticides to immature stages of M. sexmaculatus and C. carnea revealed that all tested neem based pesticides were less toxic than Monocrotophos (0.036 per cent) and Endosulfan (0.07 per cent) to eggs and larvae of M. sexmaculatus and C. carnea. Among the neem based pesticides Parasmani (0.4 per cent) and Gronim (1500 ppm) were found to be highly toxic than other neem based pesticides to eggs and larvae of M. sexmaculatus and C. carnea. Whereas, NSKS (5 per cent), Neembicidine (0.4 per cent) and Amrutguard (0.5 per cent) were observed less toxic to eggs and larvae of M. sexmaculatus and C. carnea.ThesisItem Open Access Bioecological studies on Geocoris ochropterus Fieber (Hemiptera : Lygaeidae) , an important predator in cotton ecosystem(AAU, Anand, 1996) SHARMA, URMILA; Yadav, D. N.Bioecological studies on the big eyed bug, Geocoris ochropterus Fieber, an drnportant predator in the cotton ecosystem, were made during 1994-95 and 1995-96 seasons at the Anand Campus of Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand. Biological observations revealed that the predator laid yellowish white eggs singly on the plant parts which took 8.33 ± 0.27 days at varying temperature of 29.62 ± 0.38 to 30.36 ± 0.12°C, RH 84.26 + 1.25 % and L : D, 12:12 to hatch. Maximum hatching (82 %) was observed when the temperature tanged between 21.61 ± 0.23 to 23.5 + 0.76°C and RH 71.03 + 2.38 %. The predator passed through five nyraphal instars. The duration of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth instar was 5.5 + ©.22, 5.6 ± 0 . 20 , 5.6 + 0.20, 5.9 + 0.33 and 9.25 ± 0.23 days respectively. Total nymphal duration was 29.7 + 1.43 days. Nymphal mortality was high in the fifth instar (39.21 % ). Sexes can be differentiated from their size. Males are usually smaller. The sex ratio in the laboratory population and field population was 1:1.10 (male : female) and 1.29 :1 (male : female) respectively. Mating accomplished easily and lasted for 15m to 4h in the laboratory. The preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods averaged 3.4 ± 0.47, 19.2 ± 2.84 and 3.6 ± 0.69 days respectively of the mated female. Fecundity, when reared on A. gossypii averaged 42.4 + 5.09 eggs. The daily rate of oviposition of laboratory reared female was 1.21 eggs/day and that of field collected female was 0.91 eggs/day. Daily rate of oviposition was greatly affected (6.2 eggs/day) when the females were fed on eggs of Earias vitirella + cotton leaf. Longevity of male and female was 19.9 ±3.68 and 29.5 ± 3.55 days respectively. The female lived longer when fed on eggs of Spodoptera litura + fresh cotton leaves and A. gossypii nymphs + fresh cotton leaves studies on predatory potential showed that maximum consumption was observed during fifth instar. The nymphs consumed an average 1 05 + 4.33 aphid nymphs before reaching maturity. The male and female consumed on an average 530.28 ± 61.74 and 634.14 ± 71.02 nymphs of A. gossypii respectively in their life span. Further, female of G. ochropterus consumed on an average 32.60 and 19.80 eggs of H. armigera and E. vitiella respectively per day. The predator was found to prey on twenty one species of pests occurring on thirteen crops and two weeds but there were about eight species of plants with which it was not found associated. Cannibalism, phytophagy and necrophagy was also observed. G. ochropterus was found fairly well distributed in cotton growing areas of Gujarat. The predator was found relatively free from natural enemies. Only in one case, egg parasitisation by an unidentified eulophid was recorded. The adult was predated upon by an unidentified reduviid bug and a spider. Insecticides such as Methyl-o-demeton, endosulfan, quinalphos, monocrotophos, fenvalerate and cypermethrin, normally used in cotton were found to have detrimental affect on the natural population of the bug. A large population of G. ochropterus survived and flourished on relay crops like maize and sunnhemp and was able to shift to cotton crop which was sown early. The predator appeared to exhibit habitat preference. In nature the predator occurred in the first fortnight of September during 1994-95 and in the second fortnight of August during 1995-96. The predator population reached its peak during the first fortnight of December. The activity of G. ochropterus was found negatively correlated with relative humidity. They remained active until the crop was removed. Off season survival of the predator was recorded on crops ajid weeds like ratoon cotton, maize, sunnhemp, mungbean, okra, brinjal, potato, summer groundnut, cowpea, Chenopodium album and Gyanandropsis spp. Greater population was observed on ratoon cotton, maize, sunnhemp, okra, brinjal, cowpea and lucerne. Developing effective mass rearing techniques and efficient relay cropping system and other methods to conserve the predator in nature are suggested.ThesisItem Open Access LIFE TABLE AND COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SOME NEWER INSECTICIDES AGAINST Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) INFESTING LUCERNE [Medicago sativa] (Linnaeus)(AAU, Anand, 1999) Patel, Vinodbhai Ravjibhai; Vyas, H. N.Present investigations on life table and comparative efficacy of some newer insecticides against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) were carried out at the Department of Entomology, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand during the year 1997-98. Results revealed that the expectancy of newly deposited egg was 1644,57 on lucerne. The survival of immature stage was 0.42. Whereas, mean length generation was 41.30 days. The intrinsic rate of natural increase in numbers (rm) per female was 0.1822 females per day. The finite rate of increase in number (λ) was calculated to be 1.52. The population on reaching a stable age distribution comprised approximately 99 per cent of immature stage. Life tables studies on S. litura for determining key mortality factors (Parasites, disease, unknown causes etc.) revealed that the mortality in egg stage was mainly due to sterility which was 4.69 per cent. The larval mortality was found to be partly due to NPV disease which was 16.20 and 22.35 per cent in younger and older larvae, respectively. Mortality due to parasite, R. aligarhensis was 0.35 per cent. The generation survival was 0.77. Studies on key mortality factor analysis indicated that the parasite and unknown causes did not play an important role in affecting the larval mortality. Among the ready mix, synthetic and botanical insecticides, endosulfan 0.07%, spark 0.036%, decidan 0.835%, polytrin 0.0495%, cypermethrin 0.01%, deltamethrin 0.0028%, triazophoa 0.01%, monocrotophos 0.04%, NSKS 2%, chlorpyriphos 0.04%, quinalphoa 0.05% and profenophos 0.075% were tested for their ovlcidal and larvicidal action in laboratory. It is revealed from the present investigation that chlorpyriphos 0.04% was found better and registered 79.97 per cent egg mortality than rest of the treatments. Whereas, in case of larval mortality, endosulfan 0.07% and spark 0.036% were found better (gave 86.96% larval mortality) as compared to rest of the treatments.ThesisItem Open Access BIOECOLOGY, BIOEFFICACY AND RESIDUAL STATUS OF SOME READY MIX INSECTICIDES IN RELATION TO PEST COMPLEX OF OKRA [ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (LINNAEUS) MOENCH](AAU, Anand, 1997) Shah, Bharat R.; Vyas, H. N.Investigations were carried out on the bioecology, bioefficacy and residual status of ready to use insecticides on okra at B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand, during 1995 and 1996. The population dynamics of insect pests viz., aphids, jassids, shoot arid fruit borer as well as the coccinellid predator were studied in relation to abiotic and biotic factors. The aphid count ranged from 0.48 to 63.51 and 0.91 to 49.28 per leaf during 1995 and 1996, respectively. The correlation and regression studies revealed nonsignificant correlations of abiotic factors with aphid population, however the latter showed highly positive correlation with the biotic factor viz., coccinellid predator, M.sexmaculatus during 1995. The activity of the predator increased with the increase in aphid population.The population of coccinellid predators was absent during 1996.The correlation coefficient analysis revealed that the predator population was negatively correlated with morning and evening vapour pressure as well as with mean vapour pressure.ThesisItem Open Access FOOD HABIT, FOOD PREFERENCES AND MORPHOMETRICS OF THE BLACKTHROATED WEAVERBIRD PLOCEUS BENGHALENSIS LINNAEUS(AAU, Anand, 1996) Patel, Anilkumar D.; Parasharya, B. M.Studies on food habits of the Blackthroated Weaverbird' Ploceus benghalensis Linn, based on the gut content analysis of adult weaver, food habits of their nestlings and morphometric variations amongst the sexes were studied around Pariej reservoir in Matar tahsil of Kheda district, Gujarat. Studies on their daily food consumption and food preferences amongst the cultivated and minor millets were carried out in the laboratory at Anand Campus, of Gujarat Agricultural University during May 1994 to April 1995. Studies on food habits of the adult Blackthroated Weaver showed that they mainly fed on plant matter (% G = 99.45) as compared to animal matter (% G = 0.55). Most of the plant matter consumed, consisted of cultivated cereal crops. Animal matter was chiefly the pest of agricultural crops except spider which is beneficial. Most preferred crop grains were rice (% G =57.75), bajra (% G =30.22), sorghum (% G =5.49) and wheat (% G = 3.69). Amongst weed seeds, Echinochloa spp. was the most exploited weed by Blackthroated Weaver. There was no difference in the total, amount of plant matter and animal matter consumed by male and female. But, slight differences were observed for food preference, in individual component of plant and animal matter. Amongst cereal grains only rice was recovered throughout the year. Seasonal variation in the diet showed that rice grains comprised more than 80.0 per cent by weight of total food during October to January. The other crops occurred in gut during the period of their availability in the ecosystem. The food of adults was more diverse from May to October in 1994 and March to April in 1995. The maximum values of three indices of food niche breadth were found during this period. Frequency of grit (45.59 % birds) in the adult food was consistent with food habit of the species. The diet of nestlings comprised mainly of animal matter (% G =95.7) and small amount of plant matter (% G = 4.3) i.e. rice only. In direct estimate of damage potential of the Blackthroated Weavers was 2.30 to 9.78 kg to rice, 2.31 to 5.74 kg to bajra, 1.80 to 2.36 kg to wheat and 2.80 kg to sorghum by 1000 birds/day. Amongst seven different food types, daily food consumption of Italian millet (3.29 g/bird/day) stood first and Echinochloa seeds (2.21 g/bird/day) stood last. Blackthroated Weaver had preference for bajra amongst cultivated cereals. However, Italian millet was highly preferred against other minor millets as well as against bajra. Sexual dimorphism in Blackthroated Weaver was evident from the study of morphometries. Males were larger in all body characters than females. Key words : Blackthroated Weaver Ploceus benghalensis Linn. Food habit, Food preferences. Morphometries.ThesisItem Open Access BIOEFFICACY OF SOME Bacillus thuringiensis AND NEEM ( Azadirachtin ) FORMULATIONS AGAINST COTTON BOLL WORMS(AAU, Anand, 1995) Patel, Mukeshkumar Chimanlal; Vyas, R. V.The studies were conducted to evaluate Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and Azadirachtin based formulations in laboratory as well as field conditions for the management of cotton bollworms on cotton hybrid-6 at Anand Campus, Gujarat Agricultural University during 1993-94 and 1994-95. Laboratory assays ori the comparative bioefficacy of three B.t.k. formulations viz., cutlass, delfin and bactec against neonate larvae of Heliothis armigera (Hub.) and Spodoptera litura (Fab.) revealed that H. armigera is more susceptible to B.t.k. as compared to S. litura. Amongst them cutlass was found most toxic to H. armigera and delfin to S. litura. The respective' LCso values of cutlass and delfin were 124.77 and 348.03 ng/well against H. armigera and S. litura. Field studies were conducted during 1993-94 and 1994-95 in Latin Square Design with six treatments and six replications. During both the years, B.t.k. treatments @1 kg/ha were equally effective as chemical insecticide for management of cotton bollworms. In overall performance to protect the fruiting bodies (bud and green boll), B.t.k. treatments were significantly superior than neem treatment and control. Moreover, B.t.k. treatments remained close to chemical insecticide. Higher sucking pest population was observed in B.t.k. and Azadirachtin based natural pesticides treatments compared to chemical insecticide treatment. Insecticidal treatment was proved to be most toxic to Chrysopa. Coccinellids and predatory spiders. Whereas, B.t.k. and neem were observed to be safer, eventhough neem had showed slight deterrent effect on Chrysopa. During both the years, yield of seed cotton in chemical insecticide treatment was highest followed by B.t.k. treatments viz., cutlass, delfin and bactec, which were also noticed to be higher over neem and untreated check. However, neem was better than control. In B.t.k. persistence study, cutlass, delfin and bactec were found at par for their persistence and the half life time for all the three formulations was two days. Compatibility study of cutlass and cypermethrin indicated synergistic response on test insects, E.vittella and S. litura at conjunction of half the field recommended doses of both the agents.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN COTTON HYBRID 6(AAU, Anand, 1992) Patel, Jagadishchandra Ramchandra; Yadav, D. N.Studies were conducted to develop integrated pest management in cotton Hybrid 6 in Middle Gujarat conditions at Anand Campus, of Gujarat Agricultural University during the years 1989-90 and 1990-91. Experiment was laid out in Exploided Block Design with fifteen observations in each treatments. The IPM treatment consists of integration of application of phorate 10 G in soil @ 1 kg a.i. ha, planting of maize/sorghum on the border of cotton plot, spot application of monocrotophos 0.036 per cent against sucking pests of cotton, releases of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii @ 200000/ha and Chrysopa scelestes Bank @ 100000/ha at weekly interval alternately and need base application of triazophos 0.05 per cent were tested and compared with recommended insecticidal control measures and control. The results indicated that the insecticidal treatment on need base had the lowest number of sucking pests viz.. Aphis gossypii, Amrasca biguttulla biguttulla, Thrips tabaci arid Bemisia tabaci throughout the season as compared to IPM and control. In IPM treatment, soil application of phorote 10 G was effective in checking the population of A. gossypli and A. biguttulla biquttulla in early part of the season. Moreover, due to inundative five releases of Chrysopa, these pest could not build up pestiferous population as the mean population of A. gossypii and B. tabaci were 5.72 and 3.58 per lesf in IPM as against 7.22 and 4.77 adult per leaf in control treatment respectively. In IPM treatment, releases of Trichoqramma, Chrysopa and other naturally occurring bioagents viz., Roqas aliqarhensis were effective in checking the population of Earlas vittella as mean damage in square, green bolls, openbolls, locules and shed material was recorded 6.04, 9.05, 16.66, 20,97 and 14,51 per cent as against 12.74, 19.33, 22.83, 30.17 and 27.05 per cent in control treatment respectively. Heliothis population was too meagre to cause any serious damage during both the years. Six species of predators viz., Menochilus sexmaculatus, Brumus sutaralis, Coccinella septempunctata (all coccinellids), Chrysopa scelestes (Chrysopidae) Geocoris bicolor (Lygeidae), Paederus fuscipes (staphylinid) syrphidfly and piredatory spiders were encountered on maize, whereas coccinellids, Chrysopa and predatory spiders were encountered on sorghum planted on the periphary of cotton plots which indicated that a large number of natural enemies was found on the maize than sorghum and most of them happen to be the common predators pests in the cotton ecosystem, the maize served as reservoir for the natural enemies. Therefore, maize surrounding cotton plots is recommended for the conservation of the naturally occurring parasites and predators, thereby allowing them to exert natural control of the cotton pests. From the pooled data, it could be seen that the insecticidal treatment had recorded the highest yield (2063 kg/ha) and was at par with IPM treatment (1648 kg/ha), whereas control treatment had recorded significantly lowest yield (1107 kg/ha). The highest incremental cost benefit ratio (ICBR) was obtained (1:4.07) in IPF: treatment as against (1:2,40) in insecticidal treatment on the basis of pooled data of two years. The correlation coefficient studies indicated highly significant negative correlation between incidence of A. gossypii, A. biguttulla binuttulla, T. tabaci , B. tabaci percentage damage to squares by E. vittella and Meliothis, percentage damage to green bolls , openbolls, locules by E. vittella was yield of seed cotton. This indicated perfect relationship between yield of seed cotton with pest incidence. The pest population has significant effect on reduction of yield. Thus, from the yield, expenditure, conservation of natural enemies and I.C.B,R. view points,it could be concluded that IPM is the realistic approach for better management of the cotton pests and its adoption in large areas will go a longway in reducing pesticidal use in the environment and will help preserving ecology.