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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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2000 - 20032
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Subject: Agricultural Entomology × Author: JHA, ANAND × End date: 2009 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    POPULATION DYNAMICS, LIFE TABLES AND MANAGEMENT OF PIGEONPEA POD BORERS
    (AAU, Anand, 2003) JHA, ANAND; Koshiya, D. J.
    Investigations were carried out on population dynamics, life tables and management of pigeonpea pod borers at B. A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during the year 2001-02 and 2002-03. Study on seasonal abundance of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on different hosts under middle Gujarat cropping pattern clearly indicated that during kharif season, the pest started its activity on okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench crop from the beginning of July. Thereafter, the population shifted to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum and tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Maximum larval population of this pest in cotton was recorded in the third week of October, when the crop was at fruiting stage. Then the population moved to pigeonpea fi"om cotton crop and attained its peak during third and second week of November during the year 2001-02 and 2002-03, respectively. During the winter season, the pest was active on chickpea, Cicer arietinum L. The highest population was recorded in the third week (2001-02) and fourth week (2002-03) of January. The pest also appeared on tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. during this period, but it could not build up its population on this crop. During the summer season, the pest started its activity on summer groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., Indian bean, Lablab purpureus [=Dolichos labalab (L.)], Lucerne, Medicago sativa L. and okra Mid was active up to July on these crops. Thus, the study clearly revealed that the pest population started its activity on okra, then shifted to cotton and tomato during the kharif season and it shifted from cotton to pigeonpea. Later on it started infesting chickpea during the winter season. A study on population dynamics of H. armigera revealed that the pest first appeared on pigeonpea during first week of October and remained active throughout the crop season and the highest population was recorded during fourth week of November. Correlation between the population and weather factors (WF) was worked out. The study indicated that among the different parameters, mean relative humidity (MRH), evening vapour pressure (VP2) and mean vapour pressure (MVP) showed significant negative correlation indicating that population of this pest increased with decrease in MRH between the range of 54 to 48.5 per cent. Infestation of blue butterfly, Euchyrops cnejus Fabricius commenced fi-om first week of October and remained active up to the end of December. During this period, its population showed violent fluctuations with three different population peaks. Among the different physical factors of envirormient, evening relative humidity (RH2); morning vapour pressure (VP1); MRH, VP2 and MVP showed significant negative correlation with pest population. Regression study indicated that decrease in magnitude of MRH and bright sunshine hour (BSS) in the range of 54 to 48.5 per cent and 10 to 8 hrs were found favourable for the build up of the pest population. Larval population of plume moth, Exelastis atomosa Walsingham was active from the first week of October to fourth week of December in this crop. The pest incidence was low in the beginning, but then the population rapidly increased and attained its peak during second week of December. Correlation study indicated that maximum temperature (MaxT), minimum temperature (MinT), mean temperature (MT), VP1, morning vapour pressure deficit (VPD1), evening vapour pressure deficit (VPD2) , mean vapour pressure deficit (MVPD) and wind speed (WS) have significant negative correlation with the pest population. Regression study revealed that increased in VP2 (10.5 to 11%) proved favourable for population build up but MaxT (35 to 31°C) and VPDl (14 to 12 mm of Hg) decreased the population. The study further indicated that the pod fly, Melanogromyza obtusa Malloch infestation commenced from the first week of October. The pod damage increased up to the harvesting of the crop. Study on correlation for the effect of weather factors indicated significant negative correlation between MaxT, MinT, MT, VP1, VP2, VPD2, MVPD and WS and pod damage. Regression study revealed that MT playing an important role for build up of the population and damage due it. Results of investigations on life fecundity tables of H. armigera on pigeonpea, cowpea, green gram and Indian bean revealed that maximum expectancy of newly deposited eggs was on Indian bean followed by pigeonpea, cowpea and green gram. The highest survival of immature stages was recorded on Indian bean followed by green gram, cowpea and pigeonpea. On the basis of reproductive potential (R0), the host can be arranged in descending order as pigeonpea > green gram > cowpea > Indian bean. The mean length of generation was maximum on Indian bean followed by green gram, cowpea and pigeonpea. The intrinsic rate of natural increase in number (rm) ranged from 0.126 to 0.1473 females per female per day on different hosts. Thus, considering the value of rm, the hosts can be arranged as: pigeonpea > cowpca > Indian bean. The finite rale of increase in number (λ) ranged from 1.134 to 1.158 females per female per day on different hosts. The population on reaching a stable age distribution comprised of approximately 99 per cent of immature stages. A study on field life tables on this crop clearly indicated that among the various mortality factors, a larval pupal parasite, Eucarcella illota Curr. was found to be effective in causing suppression in pest population. A study on determination of resistance to recommended insecticides viz., endosulfan, monocrotophos, quinalphos and cypermethrin in field population of H. armigera showed that the populations collected from different localities of Gujarat state had developed 1.05 to 27.26 fold resistance against these insecticides. The population collected from the Bharuch district found susceptible to all the insecticides under test except cypermethrin. However, the population collected from Vadodara showed comparatively higher level of resistance to all the insecticides. Junagadh population exhibited its susceptibility to cypermethrin, whereas Anand population showed low levels of resistance (1.05 to 5.80 fold) to all the insecticides under test. A field study on evaluation of different newer insecticides for the control of pigeonpea pod borers, treatments with Polytrin-C 0.044 (cypermethrin 4% + profenophos 40%), alphaniethrin 0.0075, indoxacarb 0.015 and acephate 0.075 per cent proved to be the most effective in controlling H. armigera. It has been further observed that all the insecticides under test except NSKS 5 per cent proved effective for the control of E. cnejus,, whereas Polytrin-C 0.044, carbosulfan 0.025 and indoxacarb 0.015 per cent proved effective in managing E. atomosa. The results further indicated that treatments with Polytrin-C 0.044, Koranda 0.028 (Fenvalerate 3% + acephnfc 25%), carbosulfan 0.025, indoxacarb 0.015 and acephate 0.075 per cent found to be effective in reducing pod damage due to different pod borers. Yield data clearly indicated that plots treated with alphamethrin 0.0075 per cent registered the highest (1363.17 kg ha-1) yield and was at par with Koranda 0.028 (1321.37 kg ha-1), profenophos 0.05 (1189.56 kg ha-1), carbosulfan 0.025 (1186.34 kg ha-1), indoxacarb 0.015 (1179.91 kg ha-1) and endosulfan 0.07 per cent (1156.33 kg ha-1). Considering economics and efficacy of the treatments, alphamethrin 0.0075 (1:10.97), Koranda 0.028 (1:6.49) and endosulfan 0.07 per cent (1:5.35) gave appreciable net incremental cost benefit ratio (NCBR). Thus, these treatments can be recommended for the management of pod borers in pigeonpea crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVOLVING METHODS FOR CONSERVATION OF GEOCORIS OCHROPTERUS FIEBER (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)
    (AAU, Anand, 2000) JHA, ANAND; YADAV, D. N.
    Methods for conservation of Geocoris ochropterus Fieber (Hemiptera : Lygaeidae) were evolved during 1999-2000 at Anand Campus of Gujarat Agricultural University and farmer's field at Awakhal village of Vadodara district. G. ochropterus was produced in the laboratory on cold stored pupae/field collected aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover and reintroduced in the cotton growing area where it was eliminated. The results indicate that the predator could successfully survive, reproduce and thus maintain substantial population. The predator was also observed to survive on other economical crops as well as weed hosts after removal of cotton. However, it remains to be seen how it over summers in the release site. The studies on conservation revealed that the predator can be conserved in cotton by interspersing maize and also by providing suitable refugia viz., maize prior to removal of the main crop i.e. cotton. The predator was found maintaining a sizable population on crops like ratoon cotton, maize, sorghum, bajra, paddy, groundnut, lucerne and Chrozophora rottleri. Methyl-o-demeton, endosulfan, fenvalerate and cypermethrin normally used in cotton were found to have detrimental effects on the predator. Sizable population of G. ochropterus perish during mowing operation (of sunnhemp) done by tractor mounted disc harrow. In view of this, mowing by tractor mounted disc harrow should be avoided. It could be concluded that G. ochropterus sustained after its re-introduction in insecticide free cotton. Such introduction in other cotton growing areas after knowing its status should be attempted.