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ThesisItem Open Access PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL IN BULLOCKS- ITS MANAGEMENT(KVAFSU, Bidar, 2005-06-01) MANJUNATH PATIL; B.V. SHIVAPRAKASHSTUDY ON PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL, ITS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT IN BULLOCKS Manjunath Patil August-2005 Dr. B. V. Shivaprakash Major Advisor ABSTRACT Prevalence of yoke gall was studied under three different situations i.e., among clinical cases, among animals disposed for sale and slaughter. Classification and evaluation of eight different treatments was made in 57 clinical cases of yoke gall. Prevalence of yoke gall was studied in nine different locations of Karnataka State among clinical cases presented for five retrospective years from 2000 to 2004. Out of 2,61,882 total cases, 70,896 were suffering from different surgical disorders. Out of these, 2,081 cases had yoke gall with an overall prevalence of 0.79%; and prevalence among surgical cases was 2.94%. Out of 2,225 cattle and buffaloes disposed for sale, 38 bullocks were affected with yoke gall showing the prevalence of 1.71%. Out of 1,148 animals disposed for slaughter at Bangalore slaughter house and Chitaguppa slaughter house, 33 bullocks were found affected with yoke gall showing the prevalence of 2.98%. The prevalence of acute yoke gall was maximum (40.13%) in clinical situation; subacute yoke gall was maximum (52.63%) among the animals disposed for sale; and the chronic was maximum (53.06%) among the animals disposed for slaughter. The prevalence was maximum in rainy season (46.23%) followed by winter (31.43%). The prevalence was maximum in the bullocks of 6 to 8 years of age (48.42%). The prevalence was maximum in males (88.42%). Based on clinical and hisptopathological features a standard list of classification was given to yoke gall. Haematobiochemical and histological features of each type were documented. Fifty seven bullocks were divided into eight groups for the evaluation of treatment. In group I, diclofenac sodium injection and topical application of Khand ointment (turmeric and lime juice) were given. There was no reduction in swelling of acute and subacute yoke gall during the first 15 days and only 25% reduction was seen after 30 days. In group II, diclofenac sodium injection and topical application of Khand ointment and dimethyl sulfoxide liquid were used. Initially no response and after one month only 25% reduction was seen in these bullocks. In group III, only topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide was employed. Response was negligible during initial 15 days and slight reduction (25%) was seen after 30 days in bullocks with acute and subacute yoke gall. In group IV, intravenous dimethyl sulfoxie @ 1.0 g/kg b.wt. resulted in 50% of reduction of acute yoke gall on third day, 75% reduction on seventh day, 90% reduction on 15 th day and complete reduction on 30 th day. In group V, dexamethasone injection was given directly into the swelling. The acute yoke gall showed 50% reduction in swelling on third day, 75% on seventh day and almost complete reduction on 30 th day. In group VI, herbal treatment using paste of root of Triumfetta rotundifolia and leaves of Dregia volubilis were applied. The acute yoke galls showed 25% reduction on third day, 50% reduction on seventh day and complete absorption of fluid by 30 th day. The response was partial for subacute yoke gall and nil for chronic fibrosed yoke gall in groups IV, V & VI. In group VII, surgical drainage of acute yoke galls by stab incision resulted in immediate reduction but required second incision due to reaccumulation. In group VIII, surgical excision was followed in nine bullocks with chronic yoke galls which resulted in 100% improvement. There was no change in haematological values before and after treatment. There was slight increase in SGPT level and marked increase in LDH levels before and 30 days after treatment in all the groups.
