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OtherItem Open Access EVOLVEMENT OF PREDICTION EQUATION USING LIVE ANIMAL BODY MEASUREMENTS OF DESI PIGS IN TAMIL NADU(2024) Muthukumar A; Narendra Babu R; Appa Rao V; Tensingh Gnanaraj P, et al.; TANUVASA study was conducted to evolve the prediction equation to estimate body weight from other live animal body measurements viz. body length (cm), height at withers (cm). chest girth (cm) and hip width (cm). Totally. ll4 Desi pigs (Boar-43. Gilt-36 and Sow-35) were used for this study to measure the live animal parameters viz‘ body weight (kg), body length (cm), height at withers (cm). chest girth (cm) and hip width (cm).OtherItem Open Access STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF MODIFIED FARROWING FACILITIES ON PIGLET MORTALITY & SOW WELFARE IN LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGS(2024) Raghy Radhakrishnan; Tensingh Gnanaraj P; Meenakshi Sundaram S, et al.; TANUVASThe present study was conducted to assess the efficiency of different farrowing facilities. viz. Conventional farrowing crate. Guard rail model and a Modified farrowing crate on piglet mortality and welfare of sows. Eighteen Large White Yorkshire sows of different parity were selected and six sows each were placed in one of the farrowing facilities as they are near parturition. There was significant effect (P<0.0l) of farrowing facility on the litter size. number of piglets born alive and the weight of piglet at birth. The litter size at weaning was highest in modified farrowing crate (9 i 0.54) followed by conventional farrowing crate (7.6 ± 0.11) and guard rail model (5.7 ± 0.25) of farrowing facility. However, the average daily weight gain of piglets remained the same. The different body postures viz., standing. sitting, sternal lie and lateral lie by the sow during the last three days of gestation varied significantly. The overall pre weaning mortality of piglets in this study was 15.82 per cent with highest mortality seen in the first week after birth. The highest pre weaning mortality was seen in guard rail model (71.43 per cent) followed by conventional farrowing crate (17.86 percent) followed by modified farrowing crate (10.71 per cent). Faecal samples were collected from the sows at various stages when placed in the farrowing facilities. No significant difference (P>0.0S) was found in modified farrowing crate regarding the faecal cortisol concentration of sows indicating that not much stress was experienced by the sows with respect to the farrowing facility. The results indicated that the modified farrowing crate with hinged sides and nest box helped in reducing the mortality of piglets due to crushing and at the same time provided better comfort to the sows as well.OtherItem Open Access ESTIMATION OF LIVE WEIGHT SHRINKAGE AND MORTALITY DURING BROILER TRANSPORT IN SUMMER AND WINTER SEASONS IN CHENNAI CITY(2023) Ramakrishnan C; Narendra Babu R; Appa Rao V; Robinson JJ, Abraham; Tensingh Gnanaraj P; TANUVASThe purpose of the study is to determine the economic impact of live weight losses and mortality due to transport of broilers from farm to wholesale/retail outlets in summer and winter season in Chennai city. Data concerning 24 visits from different farms of integration to wholesale/retail outlet in winter and summer season were collected for the purpose of study. Data were classified into two seasons were winter and summer in that the total number of chickens transported in winter and summer season were 2225.83 ± 82.75, 2246.37 ± 98.88 the live weight shrinkage was 2.36%, 3.01% and mortality percentage were 0.43%, 0.53% and average weight loss per bird (gram) is 55.42 ± 5.65, 70.98 ± 6.01 respectively. The results of the study revealed that the average marketing age of transported chickens were 39 days old, average density of the broilers were 2236.25 per truck. The results revealed no significant difference in loss of weight, dead on arrival, types of injuries, tissue shrinkage and duration of transport between summer and winter season. Wetting of birds was practiced and the frequency was higher during summer compared to winter season.OtherItem Open Access PREVALENCE AND PATHOLOGY OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION CAUSED BY ASCARIDIA GALLI INFECTION IN BACKYARD NATIVE CHICKEN(2022) Mythili VM; Jayanthi N; Sudhakar Rao CV; Senthil Kumar TMA; Tensingh Gnanaraj P, et al.; TANUVASA study was conducted during the period of one year to record the prevalence of infectious diseases in native chicken reared in and around Chennai. A total of four hundred and twenty one necropsies were carried out from dead birds collected from different organized and unorganized poultry farms in and around Chennai. Mortality due to infectious causes was recorded to be around 70.5% and non infectious around 29.5%. Among parasitic diseases Ascaridiasis (1.07%) was recorded as mixed infection with other bacterial and viral disease. Among the affected flocks three cases had clinical signs of off feed, emaciation before death. The gross changes recorded were emaciated carcass with pale musculature, turgid intestine with congestion of serosal vessels. Ascaridia galli worms were seen tighty entangled in the intestine, obstructing the lumen. Histopathological examination of the intestine revealed numerous transverse and longitudinal sections of adult Ascaridia galli worms in the lumen compressing the villi, leading to multifocal blunt and stunted villi with MNC infiltration. Numerous exfoliated enterocytes, macrophages and few plasma cells were seen surrounding the parasite. Hyperplasia of the crypt epithelium and goblet cells were observed. Cut sections of Ascaridia galli were seen in the lamina propria encapsulated by fibrous tissue and inflammatory cells. Hence, massive Ascaridia galli infection as a sole entity, severely affects the intestinal health, causing stunted growth, poor performance and mortality which is otherwise, easily preventable and necessitates the importance on awareness of deworming in backyard native chicken flocks.OtherItem Open Access PREVALENCE AND PATHOLOGY OF AVIAN PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTION IN BACKYARD NATIVE CHICKEN(2022) Mythili VM; Jayanthi N; Sudhakar Rao GV; Senthil Kumar TMA; Tensingh Gnanaraj P, et al.; TANUVASA study was conducted during the period of one year to record the prevalence of infectious diseases in native chicken reared in and around Chennai. A total of four hundred and twenty one necropsies were carried out from dead birds collected from different organized and unorganized poultry farms in and around Chennai. Death due to bacterial origin (43.22%) were the highest among the native chicken with Escherichia coli infection (27.5%) being the highest followed by, Pasteurella infection (12.86%) and Staphylococcal infection (2.86%) either as single or co-infections. Fibrinous pericarditis, fibrinous perihepatitis, mild splenic enlargement, mild pneumonic changes and catarrhal enteritis were the gross lesions observed in Escherichia coli affected cases. Microscopic changes included hepatic sinusoidal congestion, hepatocellular degeneration with capsular thickening, edema, abundant eosinophilic fibrinous exudate, heterophilic and macrophage infiltration with presence of multinucleated giant cells. Masson’s trichrome special staining method revealed the presence of fibrinous strands over the surface of the liver and heart. Epicardium was thickened with necrosis of myocardial cells, oedema, hemorrhages, endothelial cell showed proliferation and abundant fibrinous exudate surrounded by heterophils, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells with bacterial colonies revealing bacteremia. Multifocal congestion, hemorrhage and edema were noticed in the parabronchi.OtherItem Open Access EFFECT OF FEEDING PULSE PROCESSING WASTE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF DESI BIRDS(2022) Bharathidhasan A; TensinghGnanaraj P; Ezhilvalavan S; TANUVASDesi birds are valuable natural resources for each country for their adaptability to harsh climatic conditions and resistance against diseases. They perform well with high fibre diets and it has better feed efficiency even with diets having low energy and protein from locally available feed ingredients. Hence, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding pulse processing waste on weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of desi birds for a period of eight weeks from 10-17th week’s age. One fifty growing desi birds at 10th week age were randomly divided into five experimental diets (0, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 % pulse processing waste) with three replicates of 10 birds each fed with iso-calorie and iso-nitrogenous diets. All birds were fed with weighed quantity of pulse processing waste added feed and adlibitam quantity of water and reared with standard manage mental practices. The feed intake was measured daily and weight gain was obtained in weekly interval. The feed efficiency was calculated and the economics was also worked out. A non significant difference was observed in weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency among pulse processing waste supplemented groups. The cumulative weekly weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were also not differed among pulse processing waste supplemented groups.OtherItem Open Access ADOPTION LEVEL OF IMPROVED GOAT REARING PRACTICES IN TIRUVALLUR DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU(2018) Geetha T; Tensingh Gnanaraj P; TANUVASA study was undertaken to assess the adoption level of improved goat rearing practices among goat farmers in Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. The 10 blocks of Tiruvallur district, were selected for this study. From each selected block, one village with maximum goat population was selected and 20 goat farmers from each selected village were selected randomly and thus, a total sample of 200 goat farmers were constituted. The study revealed that high adoption was noticed in feeding colostrum to new born kids (96.50 percent), identifying the animals in heat (88.00 per cent), deworming of young kids (87.20 per cent) and low adoption was in Feeding neem leaves (4.40 per cent), providing mineral blocks, feeding crushed prosopsis and tamarind seeds (4.00 per cent), insurance of animals (1.31 per cent) and maintenance of records (0.9 per cent).OtherItem Open Access COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT REARING SYSTEM ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF KADAKNATH CHICKEN(2018) Geetha T; Tensingh Gnanaraj P; TANUVASA study was undertaken for comparative assessment of effect of different systems of rearing of Kadaknath chicken on carcass traits at Instructional Livestock Farm Complex for Madras Veterinary College, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai. A total of 300 one month age old Kadaknath chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) of 100 chicks each. The T1, T2 and T3 group of birds were reared under cage system, deep litter system and mud floor system respectively. At one month age the average weight of T1, T2 and T3 group birds were 0.263±0.012 kg, 0.248±0.017 kg and 0.250±0.01 kg respectively. Standard management practices were practiced in all systems of rearing. All groups were fed with 40 % grower mash, 40% broken rice and 20 % finely chopped Co4 fodder grass. At the end of 16th week of age, live body weight of birds of T1, T2 and T3 groups were taken and then they were humanely slaughtered at ILFC slaughter hall. The following data on live weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage of T1, T2, and T3 group were recorded as 1.51±0.01 kg, 1.20±0.052 kg, 1.32±0.052 kg and 1.04±0.01kg, 0.79±0.01 kg, 0.88±0.031 kg and 69.02±0.13%, 66.14±0.25%, 67.32±0.13% respectively. The results revealed that the live weight, slaughter weight and dressing percentage of birds reared under cage system was significantly higher compared to that reared under deep litter and mud floor system.OtherItem Open Access EFFET OF BREWERY WASTE FEEDING TO LACTATING COWS ON THE COST OF MILK PRODUCTION(2018) Tensingh Gnanaraj P; Geetha T; TANUVASA feeding trial was conducted to assess the cost of milk production, when brewery waste incorporated concentrate based diet was fed in lactating cows for a period of 60 days. Eighteen early lactating crossbred cows were selected from ILFC, TANUVAS, Madhavaram Milk Colony as the experimental animals. The cows were divided into three groups as uniform as possible with regard to their age, body weight, parity, previous milk yield and stage of lactation. They were randomly allotted to the three dietary treatments T1, T2 and T3. The three dietary treatments were: T1, concentrate mixture, paddy straw and green fodder; T2 and T3, concentrate mixture containing brewery waste at 40% and 80% level (on DM basis).The total milk produced in 60 days by the animals fed the three dietary treatments T1, T2 and T3 were 2872 ± 10.75, 3200 ± 12.13, and 2950 ± 13.82 kg, respectively. The milk production was comparatively higher in brewery waste fed groups (T2 and T3) than those fed control diet (T1). The cost of feed per kg milk produced was Rs. 18.11, 14.01 and 12.66 respectively, for the three dietary treatments T1, T2 and T3. The brewery waste fed groups (T2 and T3) had lower cost of feed per kg milk produced compared to those fed control diet (T1), due to higher milk production and comparatively low cost of feed. Based on the results obtained during the present investigation revealed that inclusion of fresh(25 per cent DM) brewery waste reduced the cost of feed per kg milk production by 22 per cent and 30 percent by feeding brewery waste incorporated concentrate feed at 40% and 80% in lactating crossbred cows producing about 10 kg milk per day.
