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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of bacterial antagonists against root knot nematode infecting French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
    (Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Yeddula, Harika; Das, Niranjan; Dash, Byomakesh; Biswal, Gayatri
    French bean is a widely grown as Rabi crop in India and due to its ability to survive under extreme biotic and abiotic stress, focus on management is neglected. Among various plant parasitic nematodes, Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is most important nematode species affecting French bean. Management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita through biological approach by using bacterial bioagents , fungal bioagents and organic products like different oilcakes is a recent trend in reducing nematode population. So, a pot culture experiment was carried out in the net house condition of Department of Nematology. College of Agriculture, O.U.A.T, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during session 2020-21 to assess the biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus pumilus , Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as seed treatment on the growth of the French bean plant cv. Premier and reduction of root knot nematode population. The experiment was designed in Complete Randomised Design comprising of eight treatments with three replications of each treatment. The assigned treatments were T1 (Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @10g/kg), T2(Seed treatment with Pseudomonas putida @ 10g/ kg) ,T3 (Seed treatment with Bacillus pumilus @10g/ kg), T4 (Seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis @10g/ kg), T5 (Seed treatment with Bacillus megaterium @ 10g/ kg), T6 (Seed treatment with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens @10g/ kg), T7 (Seed treatment with Caarbosulfan25DS @3%w/w) and T8 (Untreated check). Among all the treatments, it was revealed that T1(Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @10g/kg) recorded maximum increase in the plant growth parameters like increase in shoot length by (59.50%), root length by (50.86%), fresh shoot weight by (70.60%), dry shoot weight by (86.75%), fresh root weight by (69.56%), dry root weight (79.5%) and with the decrease in number of galls (70.9%), number of egg masses/ plant (74.2%), nematode population in 200cc of soil (53.2%), nematode population in 2g root (57.9%) over untreated check T8 followed by T4 (Seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis @10g/ kg)and T2 (Seed treatment with Pseudomonas putida @ 10g/ kg). However, the present finding needs testing of treatments in microplots/ field condition for more concrete results.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bio Management of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) chitwood, 1949 in tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)
    (Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Gaonkar, Pradixa Neelu; Mahalik, J.K.; Dash, B. K.; Nath, M.R.
    A pot culture experiment was conducted in the net house of Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2020-2021 to study the efficacy of the fungal antagonists (Purpuriocelium lilacinum and Trichoderma viride) and organic amendment (Neem oil cake) in alone and their combinations for the management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tuberose (cv. Prajwal). Apart from this treatments a standard chemical check (carbofuran 3G @1kg a.i /ha) and an untreated inoculated check were maintained for comparison. The experiment was designed in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments i.e. T1 - Neem cake @ 1 t/ha, T2 - Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha, T3 -of Purpureocillium lilacinum 2.5 kg/ha, T4 -Neem cake@ 1 t/ha + Trichoderma viride @2.5 kg/ ha, T5 -Neem cake@ 1 t/ha + Purpureocillium lilacinum@2.5 kg/ ha, T6 - Carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i /ha, T7 - Untreated inoculated check, which were replicated thrice. The result indicated that all the treatments in the experiment not only reduced the nematode growth but also enhanced the plant growth significantly over untreated inoculated check. The combined application of oil cake and bioagent gave better results than their single applications. Among all the treatments, T5 (Soil application of Neem cake @1t/ha followed by soil application of Purpureocillium lilacinum @ 2.5 kg/ ha) recorded the maximum increase in plant height (50.90%), fresh shoot weight (88.52%), dry shoot weight (99.62%), root length (94.56%), fresh root weight (95.44%) dry root weight (99.80%) with maximum reduction in number of galls/plant (88.27%), number of egg masses/plant (91.30%) and nematode population per 200cc of soil (75.20%) over the untreated inoculated check along with lowest gall index (3.0) followed by T4 (soil application of Neem cake@1t/ha with soil application of Trichoderma viride@ 2.5kg/ha.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of bacterial antagonists against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting in Okra.
    (Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Arasada, Spandana; Dash, Byomakesh; Nayak, Dhirendra Kumar; Mishra, Mihira Kumara
    Okra is a widely grown kharif crop in India and due to its ability to survive under extreme biotic and abiotic stress, focus on management was neglected. Among various plant parasitic nematodes, Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is most important nematode species affecting okra. Management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita through biological approach by using Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Bacillus subtilis is a recent trend in reducing nematode population. So, a pot culture experiment “Effect of bacterial antagonists against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in okra” was carried out in the net house condition of Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, O.U.A.T, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during session 2020-21 to assess the biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, purpureocillium lilacinum and Bacillus subtilis as soil application on the growth of the Okra plant cv. Utkal Gaurav(BO2) and reduction of root knot nematode population. The experiment was designed in Complete Randomised Block Design comprising of ten treatments with three replications of each treatment. The assigned treatments were T1 (Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg), T2 (Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20 g/kg), T3 (Seed treatment with Pseudomonas putida @ 10 g/kg), T4 (Seed treatment with Pseudomonas putida @ 20 g/kg), T5 (Seed treatment with Purpureocillium lilacinum @ 10 g/kg), T6 (Seed treatment with Purpureocillium lilacinum @ 20 g/kg), T7 (Seed treatment with Bacillus pumilus @ 10 g/kg), T8 (Seed treatment with Bacillus pumilus @ 20 g/kg), T9 (Seed treatment with Carbofuran 3G@ 0.3 g/kg), T10 (Untreated control) . Among all the treatments, it was revealed that T6 (Seed treatment with Purpureocillium lilacinum @ 20 g/kg) observed maximum increase in growth parameters and biomass of okra plant like increase in plant height by (69.65%), fresh shoot weight (77.19%), dry shoot weight (101.04%), root length (60.24%) ,fresh root weight (71.58%), dry root weight (85.07%) with decrease of number of root galls on root (55.39%), nematode population in soil (50.09%) over untreated check T10 followed by T2 (Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20 g/kg) and T5 (Seed treatment with Purpureocillium lilacinum @ 10 g/kg). However, the present finding needs testing of treatments in microplots/ field condition for more concrete results.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biomanagement of root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White,1919) chitwood, 1949 and ralstonia solanacearum (L.) wilt complex in brinjal, solanum melongena L.
    (Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Bhoi, Pruthviraj; Mahalik, J.K.; Dash, B.K.; Chinara, N.
    A Field experiment was carried out in the field of AICRP on Nematodes, Department of Nematology, Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2020-21 to find out the efficacy of biocontrol agents i.e. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride for the management of wilt complex due to Meloidogyne incognita and Ralstonia solanacearum in Brinjal during 2020-21. The experiment comprising of 9 treatments viz., T1- Nursery treatment with preincubated Pseuodomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride @50g/m2 , T2-Field application of preincubated Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2.5kg/ha, T3- Field application preincubated Trichoderma viride @ 2.5kg/ha T4-Field application of preincubated Pseudomonas fluorescens @2.5kg/ha + Tricoderma viride @ 2.5kg/ha, T5=T1+T2, T6 =T1+T3, T7=T1+T4, T8- Carbofuran 3G@ 1kg a.i./ha + Streptocyclin 4g/10lit, T9-Untreated check each replicated thrice following Randomised Block Design (RBD).All the treatments significantly increased the plant growth parameters and decreased root knot nematode population along with wilting over untreated check. The biocontrol agents were equally effective at their respective doses. Among various treatments,T7 = Nursery treatment with preincubated Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride @50g/m2 followed by field application of preincubated Pseudomonas fluorescens@ 2.5kg/ha and Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha resulted highest increase of plant height (72.5%), fresh shoot weight (43.5%), dry shoot weight(42.1%),Yield (29.8%), root length (82.1%), fresh root weight (76.8%), dry root weight (75%) with corresponding decrease in number of galls (77.4%), root containing nematode(81.3%) and nematode population (76.1%) and in wilt over untreated check with lowest Root Knot Index (2.8) and wilt incidence (8.8%) followed by chemical check(T8) Carbofuran 3G@ 1kg a.i./ha + Streptocyclin 4 g/10 lit.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of liquid biopesticides on the incidence of Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato.
    (Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Nayak, Kumar Subham; Dash, B.K.; Nayak, D.K.; Mishra, M.K.
    A pot culture experiment was carried out in the net house of the Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with ten treatments replicated trice in the year 2021. Chemicals and liquid bio-pesticides were being tested against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. Well pulverized sandy loam soil was obtained, sanitized and filled it in 15cm diameter earthen pots. The tomato seeds cv. Pusa Ruby, were treated with chemicals and bio-pesticide as per the designed treatments. The treatments are T1 (seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 50 ml/kg), T2(seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 100 ml/kg). T3 (seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 50 ml/kg), T4 (seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 100 ml/kg), T5 (soil application with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2.5 ml/kg), T6 (soil treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5 ml/kg), T7 (soil treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 ml/kg), T8 (soil treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 5 ml/kg), T9 (soil treatment with Carbofuran @ 10 g/kg), T10 (Untreated control). Carbofuran 3G @ 10 g/kg soil was maintained for comparison. Among all the treatments, T6 i.e. soil treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5 ml/kg recorded maximum plant height (58.9%), root length (57.0%), fresh shoot weight (49.2%), dry shoot weight (78.6%), fresh root weight (78.6%), dry root weight (90.8%) and declining percentage of galls per plant (68.50%), nematode population (63.4%) over the untreated check. When the dose of bio-pesticide was raised, the efficacy on root-knot nematode mortality rose. For better precision and practical results, these treatments should be tested in micro plots/field conditions, according to the current findings.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biomanagement of plant parasitic nematodes infecting cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
    (Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Swain, Subhra Jyoti; Das, Niranjan; Dash, B.K.; Mishra, M.K.
    A pot culture experiment was carried out in the net house, Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during Rabi 2020 - 21 to explore the effectiveness of biopesticides and nematicides ( Pseudomonas fluorescens , Trichoderma viride) and chemicals used as seed treatment and soil applications combinations against plant parasitic nematodes infecting cucumber. The experiment comprising of eight treatments viz. T1 = Seed treatment with T.viride @ 10 g/kg 0f seed, T2 = Seed treatment with P.fluorescens @ 10g/kg of seed, T3 = Seed treatment with carbosulfan 25 DS @ 3% (w/w), T4 = Seed treatment with T.viride @ 10 g/kg of seed + Soil application of T.viride @ 2.5 kg/ha, T5 = Seed treatment with P. fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seed + Soil application of P. fluorescens @ 2.5 kg/ha, T6 = Seed treatment with carbosulfan + Soil application of neem cake @ 1 ton/ha, T7 = Soil application of neem cake @ 1 tonn/ha,T8 = Untreated control, each replicated thrice following Complete Randomised Design (CRD).From the result, it was revealed that all treatments recorded significantly increase in plant growth parameters and decrease in nematode growth over untreated inoculated check.Among all treatments, the combined effect of soil & seed applications of Pseudomonas fluorescens exhibited higher plant growth than their single application.The treatment T5 (Seed treatment with P.fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seed + Soil application of P.fluorescens @ 2.5 kg/ha.) significantly increased the shoot length (69.76%), fresh shoot weight (35.4%), dry shoot weight (89.57%), root length (84.59%), fresh root weight (98.2%) , dry root weight (94.18%) as well as decreased the root galls per plant (84.18%),number of egg masses per plant (84.28%) and final nematode population (82.00%) in soil respectively over untreated check. Therefore , seed treatment with P.fluorescens @ 10g/kg of seeds + Soil application of P. fluorescens @ 2.5 kg/ha. may be recommended as eco- friendly management of plant parasitic nematode infecting cucumber.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of new chemicals against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola (Golden and Birchfield,1965) in Rice, Oryza sativa L.
    (Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Nayak, Gunakar; Mahalik, J.K.; Dash, B.K.; Nayak, U.S.
    A replicated pot culture experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2020-21 to study the efficacy of new generation chemicals for the management of root knot nematode (M.graminicola) in rice cv. Khandagiri. The experiment comprised of eight treatments, viz: T1- Soil application of Fluopyrum 400SC (Velum Prime) @1250ml/ha (RD) at 15 DAS ,T2-Soil application of Fluopyrum 400SC (Velum Prime) @1875ml/ha (1.5RD) at 15 DAS ,T3-Soil application of Fipronil ( Regent 0.3G ) @20 kg /ha (RD)at 15 DAS, T4- Soil application of Fipronil ( Regent 0.3G ) @30kg/ha (1.5RD) at 15 DAS ,T5- Soil application of Cartap Hydrochloride (Cartap 4G) @25 kg/ha (RD) at 15 DAS ,T6-Soil application of Cartap Hydrochloride (Cartap 4G) @37.5 kg/ha (1.5RD) at 15 DAS, T7-Soil application of Carbofuran 3G @1kg a.i /ha (Standard Chemical check), T8-Untreated inoculated check . Each treatment was replicated thrice following Completely Randomized Design. All the chemical treatments significantly increased the plant growth parameters and decreased root knot nematode population, number of egg masses as well as number of galls over untreated inoculated check. The chemical treatments were equally effective at their both the lower(RD) and higher doses(1.5RD). Among various chemical treatments, Soil application of Fluopyrum 400SC (Velum Prime) 1875ml/ha resulted highest increase of plant height (48.22%), fresh shoot weight (32.16%), dry shoot weight (44.03%), root length (54.00%), fresh root weight (71.63%), dry root weight (79.38%) with corresponding decrease in number of galls (77.53%), number of egg masses (80.18%),number of nematodes per 2g root (69.77%) and nematode population (78.60%) in soil over untreated inoculated check with lowest Root Knot Index (3.00) and Rf value (0.56) followed by soil application of Fluopyrum 400SC (Velum Prime) @1250ml/ha, which were more effective than other treatments. Fluopyrum is effective, low-toxic, low-residual pesticide, therefore it may be recommended for the chemical management of root knot nematode (M.graminicola) in rice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Eco friendly management of root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita infecting bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)
    (Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Panda, Sarmistha; Das, Niranjan; Dash, Byomakesh; Biswal, Gayatri
    A pot culture experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology , Bhubaneswar with seven treatments and four replications to study the efficacy of Eco-friendly management modules of Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) infecting bittergourd (Momordica charantia L). Well pulverized sandy loam soil collected from the experimental plots of Central Farm, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar was mixed thoroughly with sand and FYM in the ratio of 2:1:1 and sterilized in autoclave. Earthen pots of 15 cm diameter were cleaned with tap water, drained, surface sterilized and filled with 1 kg aerated sterilized soil. Neem cakes were applied 15days prior to sowing according to treatments. Pre-incubated bioagent P.fluorescens and P. lilacinus, as well as Carbofuran were applied at the time of sowing to the pot soil as per treatments. Overnight soaked seeds of bittergourd cultivar green long, were sown in soil and watered regularly to keep the soil moist. After germination, when they were at 3-4 leaved stage, one plant per pot was maintained. Freshly hatched J2 of Meloidogyne incognita isolated from pure culture were inoculated to the 10 days old bittergourd plants @ one J2/g soil following standard procedure. Watering and weeding were continued as per requirement. Stackings were provided in each pot to support the growing vines. The effect of treatments on growth parameters of bittergourd plant as well as population build-up of root knot nematode was noted down. The treatment combination i.e. soil application of neem cake @1ton/ha 15 days prior to sowing + soil application of pre incubated Psuedomonas fluorescens @2.5kg/ha at the time of sowing of seeds enhanced the vine length, vine weight, root length and root weight of bitter gourd plants to the tune of 73%, 52.6%, 66.1%, and 81% respectively over untreated control. It also reduced the number of galls, number of egg masses and nematode population of pot soils by 91.4%, 93.4% and 22.4% respectively with RKI (2.0) and reproduction factor (1.05) and thus proved to be the best among all other treatments. On the other hand, the treatment combination comprising of soil application of neem cake @1ton/ha 15 days prior to sowing + soil application of pre incubated Paecilomyces lilacinus @ 2.5 kg/ha at the time of sowing was found to be second best treatment with 62.6%, 44.8%, 49.1% and 61.5% enhancement of vine length, vine weight root length and root weight of the bittergourd plant respectively. This treatment also recorded 73.5% less gall formation, 75.8% less egg mass production and 18.4 % less final nematode population as compared to untreated control pot.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biomanagement of root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita in brinjaln
    (Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Khadanga, Ritisha; Dash, Byomakesh; Nayak, Dhirendra Kumar; Mishra, Mihira Kumara
    A replicated pot culture experiment was conducted in the net house of Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneshwar to study “Biomanagement of Meloidogyne incognita in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)‟‟. The experiment comprised of ten treatments in order of T1 = Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg.,T2 = Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg.,T3 = Soil treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg.,T4 = Soil treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg.,T5 = Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10g/kg.,T6= Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20g/kg.T7 = Soil treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10g/ kg,,T8 = Soil treatment withPseudomonas fluorescens @ 20g/kg.,T9 = Carbofuran @ 0.5mg/kg and T10- untreated control. Each treatment was replicated thrice following Completely Randomized Design. All other treatments significantly increased the plant growth parameters and reduced root knot nematode multiplication over untreated check. Among various treatments, T6= Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20g/kg., in the pot performed the best by increasing the shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and decreasing the number of galls, number of egg masses , total nematode population in 200ccof soil and total nematode population in soil and root by ( 92.82%), (97.30%), (98.71%), (78.94%), ( 87.53%), (95.65%), (88.89%), (89.67%), ( 96.32%), and (80.71%) respectively. The T8 = Soil treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @20g/kg followed to the T6= seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens 20g/kg increasing all the plant growth parameters as well as decreasing the number of galls, soil population and number of nematode population. Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10g/kg (T5) produced 3 rd best least number of egg masses per plant following to T6 and T8 treatment . Application of chemical nematicide, carbofuran was the 4 th best effective way to the management of root knot nematode but losing its popularity due to its cost effectiveness, unfriendly and hazardous environmental consequences. So based on the observations made in the present study it is suggested that seed treatment of Brinjal with Pseudomonas fluorescens 20g/kg was most effective in reducing the root knot disease, nematode multiplication and enhancing the plant growth . however it is worthwhile to investigate the efficiency of this treatment in field condition for meaningful root knot nematode.