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ThesisItem Open Access The role of SOD mimetic nanoparticle on redox state of fresh water snail Pila globosa(Department of Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Barik, Rosalinee; Das, Kajari; Mishra, C. S. K.; Paital, BiswaranjanSnails are most abundant and significant groups of molluscs and act as eco toxicological indicator. In this study the Indian apple snail i.e. Pila globosa was treated with a SOD mimetic nanoparticle i.e. Cu (ІІ) -Pd (ІІ) compound. Then various assays like SDS-PAGE, ascorbic acid assay were done to observe the antioxidant effect of this compound in the protein content and ascorbic acid content. For protein estimation Lowry’s method was followed. During analysis of protein in different organs In SDS PAGE the bands which were formed found to be more in number and thickness in higher concentration of protein than in lower concentration. Ascorbic acid content shows organ wise variation in different concentration of nanoparticle given to the snail sample.ThesisItem Open Access Physico-chemical properties of different varieties of soil(Department of Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Swain, Soumya Ranjan; Muni, Sachidananda; Swain, NanditaThe soil is the most crucial component in meeting all of humanity's fundamental needs. Soil is a crucial part of our farming operations. Soil is a natural body of mineral and organic material divided into horizons that differ in their physical make-up and chemical composition from one another and from underlying materials. The importance of the physicochemical research of soil is that the data can be used to boost soil production. Various characteristics such as pH, electrical conductivity, texture, moisture, temperature, soil organic matter, accessible nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are used in this physicochemical examination of soil. This research will be beneficial to anyone who want to work in the agriculture area. The physical and chemical qualities of soil samples from five distinct places are analysed in this study utilising standard methodology to assess the properties of soil, primarily pH, percentage of Organic Carbon, and Electrical Conductivity. The soil was slightly acidic in nature (pH ranges from 4.88 to 6.39), the EC ranges from 0.389 to 0.591 dSm-1, and the amount of organic carbon ranged from 0.352 to 0.673 percent, according to this study. As a result, it is concluded that maximum soil productivity can be linked to utilising approved fertiliser doses. The physical and chemical qualities of soil samples from five distinct places are analysed in this study utilising standard methodology to assess the properties of soil, primarily pH, percentage of Organic Carbon, and Electrical Conductivity. The soil was slightly acidic in nature (pH ranges from 4.88 to 6.39), the EC ranges from 0.389 to 0.591 dSm-1, and the amount of organic carbon ranged from 0.352 to 0.673 percent, according to this study. As a result, it is concluded that maximum soil productivity can be linked to utilising approved fertiliser doses.ThesisItem Open Access Nano Ceria: A potential material for anti-bacterial and anti-microbial activity(Department of Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Samal, Debasmita; Panda, Sirish Ranjan; Sahoo, Himansu Sekhar; Swain, NanditaInfectious diseases caused by bacteria remain a serious and global problem in human health. Herein, the discovery and application of antibiotics, which has attracted much attention in the past years, has helped to cure numerous infectious diseases and made huge contributions in biomedical field. However, the widespread use of the broad-spectrum antibiotics has led to serious drug resistance for many human bacterial pathogens. In particular, bacteria drug resistance decreases therapeutic effects and leads to high mortality. Inspiringly, the introduction of nanomaterial in biomedical field makes it possible to overcome the difficulty in bacterial drug resistance attributed to their unique antibacterial mechanism. Recently, a variety of metal-and metal oxide- based nanomaterials has been fully integrated in antibacterial applications and achieved excellent performances. Among them, cerium and cerium oxide-based nanoparticles have received much attention worldwide. Remarkably, cerium oxide nanoparticles with lower toxicity act as effective antibacterial agents owing to their unique functional mechanism against pathogens through reversible conversion of oxidation state between Ce (III) and Ce (IV). This article provides an overview of the state–of the art design and antibacterial applications of cerium and cerium oxide based materials. The first part discusses the underlying antibacterial mechanisms for cerium and cerium oxide based materials currently applied in biomedicine. The second part focuses on various antibacterial related materials and their applications. In addition, the existing problems and future perspectives of the cerium and cerium oxide based materials make up the third part of this review.ThesisItem Open Access Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Co(II) from Aqueous solution: A Short review(Department of Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Das, Niranjana; Swain, Nandita; Sahoo, Himanshu SekharA large volume of waste is generated due to rapid growth of mining and metallurgical industries and the dissolution of heavy metals pollute the industrial belt water. Mostly copper, zinc, cadmium, arsenic, lead, nickel, cobalt etc. are responsible for environmental pollution. So, they should be removed before being discharged to surface water. In terms of metals, cobalt is the most widely used due to its wide range of applications and in human metabolic processes. In excess, however, it can have a number of toxic effects on the ecosystem's flora and fauna. This technique is widely used in hydrometallurgical processes for the removal and separation of ions after leaching, and it is capable of producing pure metal solutions that are used in electrowinning processes. Both concentrated and diluted solutions can be treated with these techniques. The current study examines the extraction of Co(II) using a liquid-liquid extraction method by researchers using various extractants, as well as the relationshipbetween various parameters and the extraction efficiency of the extractants used.ThesisItem Open Access Physio-chemical properties of different varieties of soil(Department of Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Sahoo, Sriman Subhakalyan; Muni, Sachidananda; Swain, NanditaNutrients are the key elements required for the optimum growth of plants. Soil fertility is the ability of soil to provide nutrients to plants in required amounts and in right proportions. Five varieties of soil were collected from different areas of Bhadrak district (Naami, Bant, Sabarang, Dhamnagar, Balipur). Experiments were carried out in the above mentioned soils for some physical properties like WHC,texture and also different chemical analysis were done like PH, EC,OC. It was found from the experiments that the pH of soil is least in Sabarang (pH 3.9) and highest in Balipur(6.4), Dhamnagar has second highest(5.2). Also the E.C was highest in Balipur(0.59) lowest in Naami (0.06). The percentage of OC was found to be highest in Dhamnagar (7.03) and lowest in Balipur (3.70). From these data we can determine the crop yielding capacity and the type of crop needs to be planted in those areas.ThesisItem Open Access Metal oxide/Graphene composite electrode materials for Supercapacitor(Department of Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Mallick, Bikram Kumar; Jena, Swarnabala; Swain, NanditaThe demand for sustainable clean energy in a greener means is now a global issue due to the consumption of fossil fuel in large amount. The decreasing resources of fossil fuel is due to increase in world population, climate change, increasing use of electronic devices and human dependency on energy consuming devices. Hence, there is a real need for developing new types of green energy conversion and storage systems, which includes solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells. Lithium ion batteries are the efficient energy storage units for portable electronic devices due to their good energy density. However, the modern multifunctional portable electronic devices need high power density. Hence, supercapacitors are recently regarded as promising alternative energy storage candidate and fulfil the requirements where lithium ion are unable to fulfil the demands. Due to their ultra-high energy density and power density, fast charge discharge rate, lightweight, long life span, durability and long cyclic ability supercapacitors useful for charge storage systems. supercapacitors are classified as electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) in which the charge storage occurs due to non-faradaic capacitance arises from the charge separation in a Helmholtz double layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface and (ii) pseudocapacitor, which involves Faradaic electrostatic charge storage process with redox reaction to store the charges. Pseudocapacitors has gained great interest because of the high specific capacitance than that of EDLCs. Graphene a 2D allotrope of sp2 hybridized carbon atom has gained much attention in this regard due its unique electrical and thermal conductivity, high surface area, superior charge transfer properties, ultra-high mechanical strength and excellent electrochemical activity. Hence, it has been extensively used in various electronics, optoelectronics, and electrochemical devices. In graphene, in plane sigma bonds are formed with neighbouring carbon atoms due to the combination of s, px, py orbitals of carbon atoms. However, the delocalization of electrons for single layer graphene is due to pz orbital electrons. This delocalization of electron detoriates the electrocatalytic activity of graphene. Hence to improve the electro catalytic surface of graphene for faster electron transfer in electrochemical processes functionalization of graphene or development of hybrid nanostructures are essential. Recently more focus of research interest is to develop nanomaterials with higher capacitive performance for supercapacitors. Transition metal oxides are the most promising active electrode materials for the pseudocapacitors as several of them have multivalent oxidation states for the active redox charge transfer. Graphene composites with metal oxide composites have been extensively used due to their excellent conductivity and high surface area. This review presents the current research on metal oxide/graphene composite for supercapacitor.ThesisItem Open Access A review on different synthetic routes for 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and their medicinal use(Department of Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Pradhan, Priyatosh; Sahoo, Himansu Sekhar; Panda, Sirish Ranjan; Swain, NanditaThe method of synthesis and physiological properties of novel 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4- oxadiazole containing substances remains an interesting area of research since last 40years.This review is focused on different routes employed for the formation of 1,2,4- oxadiazole derivatives; various aspects on the field of complex formation and its pharmaceutical applications. The biological activity study such as anti-cancer activities, anti oxidant activity, analgestics and anti-inflammatorybehaviour of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole motifs are discussed under their medicinal uses. A considerably milder reaction protocol to generate 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole through standard oxidative cyclization is detailed in the synthesis section. However in order to avoid lengthy purification and separation process that consumes resources and also time the one-pot synthesis method appears as a good alternative which offers privilege to carry out the reaction without separation of intermediates. Using commercially available polymer supported reagents in solution phase synthesis, on the other hand, results in a higher reaction yield and purity. In contrast the solid phase synthesis using resins as solid support has an advantage over normal synthesis in liquid state like greater purity up to 95% purity and shorter reaction time. Whereas for the sake of economy and pollution prevention the use of water as solvent through the green synthesis strategy for the formation of 3,5 di-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole gives a superior way for synthesis. This review also describes the pharmacological characteristic of molecules bearing 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety. Compound 9 is found to be effective against bacterial infections like staph infection also called as staphylococcus infection. Compound 10 and 11 show 100% activity against the infection, caused by parasites nematospiroides dubious and nocardioides dubious respectively, in animals when injected subcutaneously. Compound 12 has been found to be a new apoptosis inducer that is effective against cancerous cells located at the breast and colon or rectum of human beings.ThesisItem Open Access CeO2 NPs: An approach to improve farm practises and plant productivity(Department of Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Acharya, Swikruti Tanaya; Panda, Sirish Ranjan; Sahoo, Himanshu Sekhar; Swain, NanditaAgriculture plays a crucial role in the economy of developing countries, and provides the main source of food, income and employment to their rural populations. Farming is the backbone of the country’s growth. In addition to providing food and raw material, it also provides employment opportunities to a very large percentage of population. Thus the development in agriculture is highly desirable. The scientist made a way for development of plant productivity by introducing nanotechnology by using nanoparticles. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have wide range applications in the diverse field. The unique property such as high reactivity and characteristics of cerium oxide nanoparticle has the popularity in agricultural field. It plays a critical role in food security and agricultural sustainability. Cerium oxide NPs can be applied in polluted soil to enhance crop growth and provide tolerance against salt and heavy metal stress. In high concentration, ceria compete with essential nutrients and reduce their uptake in plants. In low concentration, ceria increased germination percentage and rate, increased length of root and shoot biomass. In the present thesis we analysis various studies of the researcher and draw an over view of the impact of CeO2 NPs on plant productivity, root germination and mutagenesis. Unfortunately, the application of cerium oxide nanoparticle in agriculture is still controversial because of their effects and fate in the body of human.ThesisItem Open Access A review on synthesis, complexation and pharmacological activity of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4- oxadiazole compounds(Department of Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Dash, Suchismita; Sahoo, Himansu Sekhar; Swain, NanditaCompounds with heterocyclic ring structures are important for both medical and industrial applications. Oxadiazoles, for example, are five-membered heterocyclic ring with two carbon atom, nitrogen atom, and one oxygen atom that have great interest in several fields of medical, insecticide, polymer and material research . Numerous kind of antioxidant activity and biological activity was shown by a number of 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties. The review represents various synthetic techniques for the preparation of substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives . The complexation of L1 ligand, L2 ligand and L3 ligand with Copper ,Cobalt and Cadmium respectively also described. In this work it is also described that 2,5-disubstituted- 1,3,4-oxadiazole shows pharmacological properties. The oxadiazole composites displays extensive range of pharmaceutical uses such as antioxidant activity, antimicrobial property, antiepileptic efficacy , anti-inflammatory ,and analgesic properties and anti-cancer property
