Loading...
Thesis
Browse
156 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Study of performance of PG (producer groups) under ormas for marketing of rural products for livelihood upliftment(Department of Agribusiness Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Seemita, Sushree; Mishra, Sarba Narayan; Mahapatra, Samarendra; Munda, Pandaba CharanWith approximately 85% of the population residing in rural areas, the people of Odisha rely heavily on agriculture, with little industrial and much less reliance on the service sector. Self Help Groups are formed for the sake of overall economic development. Women's empowerment is promoted through the formation of self-help organisations. It aids women in achieving economic independence by allowing them to work independently and earn a living. ORMAS (Odisha Rural Development and Marketing Society) has been working tirelessly to improve the lives of the states socially and economically vulnerable rural population. The primary stage in the strategy of livelihood development was the institutionalisation of small and marginal farmers through Producers' Groups(PGs). Producers have been able to achieve more than they could individually do. ORMAS is dedicated to improving the livelihoods of the disadvantaged in both agricultural as well as non-agricultural sectors in rural areas viz.. agriculture and allied activities, handicrafts, food and spices, hand weaving machines, and NTFP items are also considered for a sustainable livelihood. In this context, an attempt has been made on topic entitled “STUDY OF PERFORMANCE OF PG (PRODUCER GROUPs) UNDER ORMAS FOR MARKETING OF RURAL PRODUCTS FOR LIVELIHOOD UPLIFTMENT” The objectives of the study were working out the existing status of the farm and nonfarm based items produced by PGs, analyse the existing marketing linkage and value chain developed by ORMAS and finding out its impact on income and employment of the beneficiaries, and find out the constraints. For the purpose, eight clusters of PGs in eight Blocks, viz. Barchana, Bari, Danagadi, Dasarathapur, Dharmasala, Jajpur, Rasulpur, and Sukinda were chosen out of ten blocks in Jajpur district.. In terms of activities, the functional mapping of PGs was done in separate blocks, and an overall profitability analysis is calculated. To determine the actual income per producer, market links are investigated compared to its annual target. As a result, it assists in gaining a general understanding of their performance and possible techniques for increasing production. To begin, the general status of the Producers' Group is assessed based on its functionality. The PGs were analysed for the utilisation of funds for Institution Building and Capacity Building.According to the analysis Sericulture (1) and Groundnut (1) PGs are totally defunct whereas Apparel (2 out of 4 are functional) and Agarbatti (2 out of 9 are functional) PGs are partially defunct. Goatary (19 functional) has the most PGs in a functional condition, followed by Poultry (17 functional), and Jute, Pickle, and Poultry have the fewest. Presently total of 62 out of 78 PGs with activities Agarbatti (2), Apparel (2), Bamboo Craft (3), Golden Grass (4), Jute (1), Pickle (1), Spices (1), Stone Craving (1), Terracotta (1), Tussar Handloom (8), Goatary (19) and Poultry (17) are active. Second, the total target for the year 2021-22, as well as total production, were considered, and income created per producer was calculated using the information provided. The overall cost analysis of various activities are calculated. The income per producer varied from Rs 306 to Rs 9371 according to their total production and members involved. Highest average business (Rs 22,86,500) is of Spices PG as the turnover was more than 100 quintal whereas Pickle (Rs 20,000) had the lowest average business with turnover of 1.4 quintal. In terms of total profit, Spices PG had the maximum profit (Rs 4,84,700) which increases the annual income per producer (Rs 9371). In contrast, Pickle PG has the lowest profit (5,600) as their production and sale is limited to local market due to absence of FSSAI certification. The per producer income for pickle PG was Rs 350. Finally, four major constraints were identified through Garrett Ranking scores viz. Marketing problem (68.4), Less number of active members (54.4), High production cost (39.5), Seasonal demand (37.5). Therefore Marketing is the most important constraint for the Producers’ Groups and Seasonal demand being the least. In order to improve the overall functioning of PGs, capacity building on financial management, bookkeeping and also on various theme-based training along with necessary certifications should be extended to members of the PGs. To summarize, the study demonstrates the PGs' overall success as well as their engagement in improving the standard of living in rural areas. This provides an additional source of income for family businesses that have been in operation for many years.ThesisItem Open Access A study on importance of subsidy in fertilizer industry under nagarjuna fertilizer and chemical limited in ganjam distric(Department of Agribusiness Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Behera, Sushant Kumar; Mahapatra, Samarendra; Behura, Debdutta; Munda, Pandab CharanAgriculture round the globe is a robust engine of economic process and development. In India, agriculture acts as a central pillar of economy as almost 60% of labor force is utilized during this sector. To extend the output of agriculture sector, the govt. intervenes by providing input subsidies. The government of India launched the Subsidy Program as a bridge to shift husbandry to farming as a business and to market food secure households. Food insecurity is associated with low fertilizer usage and the use of improved seeds by smallholders due to fertilizer and seed costs, which has led to higher food prices. These conditions were the foremost reasons for launching of the Subsidy Program. The govt of India is constantly giving subsidies on fertilizers, electricity, irrigation and credit, afterward early 1970s. Use of fertilizers in India are assisted essentially by means of subsidies. Subsidies are however denounced for increasing economic load and contorting soil nutrient ratio. The research has been done to assess the mini extent consequence of subsidy on fertilizer on farming regulation given the diverse structures of farm and ubiquitous policy of subsidy in Ganjam District. Influence of Nutrient Based Subsidy programme on subsidies likewise as on nutrient use proportion is supplementary attempted. The results of study convey that subsidy policy of fertilizer in Ganjam evaluated wasn't effective because the dissemination of fertilizer subsidy to farm households still faces some mistakes. The results of multivariate analysis convey that production components like surface area, use of urea fertilizer, use of NPK fertilizer, and effectiveness of fertilizer subsidy policy had connection and notable influence on output production, while labor utilization and use of seeds factors had no notable effect on production in Ganjam. this suggests that if the fertilizer subsidy is simpler, production is additionally increased. Furthermore, government scheme should be sketch to target households without efficacious demand in order to make sure that fertilizer subsidy schemes maximize their influence on total fertilizer use and hence put up to their cost-effectiveness.ThesisItem Open Access Value chain of dry fish processing and marketing in Bhadrak district(Department of Agribusiness Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Kar, Subhadra Kumari; Behura, Debdutt; Mahapatra, Samarendra; Munda, Pandaba CharanOdisha's 480-kilometer-long coastline allows for extensive fishing and dry fish activities in the six districts of Balasore, Bhadark, Puri, Ganjam, Jagatsinghpur, and Kendrapara. The dry fish business was once thriving and promising, but due to a variety of factors, it no longer provides producers with even a stable income. People who used to work in the dry fish business have now left to work in non-farm sectors in order to have a stable income. Earlier the dry fish business was carried out in large scale but now very few people are engaged in the dry fish business on a large scale basis. The number of producers of dry fish has drastically decreased and only small number of producers are left who process dry fish. The women who are engaged in dry fish processing are members of SHGs of Bhadark district. They receive monetary help from government of India and Odisha through the SHGs for dry fish processing. The production of dry fish by these women is still on small scale and they sell their product in nearby markets. The export of dry fish from Odisha to West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh has decreased due to fluctuations in fish species catch. The non-availability and low catch of various species such as Hilsa, Mullet, Mackerel, and others has significantly impacted the export of dry fish from Odisha to other states, resulting in the decline of Odisha's dry fish business. According to the fisherfolk earlier they used to prepare varieties of dry fishes with different species but now due to reduction in catch and non-availability of high value fish species their production has decreased and only a few species such as Sila, Patri, Lanji, Chingudi, Kantia are used for dry fish processing. The production of fishes such as Hilsa, Khairi, Bheckty has drastically reduced and only a few kilos of these are processed when there is availability of these species. Even though the women of many SHGs are engaged in dry fish business, the production is not enough for export because the production of dry fish is not done in groups rather they process it individually and instead of selling their products to wholesalers most of them sell dry fish themselves at nearby markets and in the villages by going door to door. Hence the profit is less because of the low volume of the business. Transportation is a major constraint found in selling the produce. Transportation is mainly done by bike, auto, rickshaw, cycle. The transportation cost for procurement of fishes and to the market for long distance markets costs a lot, for example, some people sell their produce to different hats such as Chandibali, Basudevpur, Tihidi, Khaira etc. Proper selling yards is yet another constraint in marketing of dry fish. Many areas in Bhadrak district do not have proper areas for setting up a hat. The dry fish hat in Basudevpur market does not have proper yards and producers are forced to sell at roadsides in open which leads to unhygienic conditions of the dry fish. The government has provided a lot of facilities to the SHGs in terms of credit requirements and training. Many SHGs are provided with mechanical drying machines for drying fishes but facilities are not fully tapped. Trainings should be conducted for members of SHGs to provide them with technical knowledge about the usage and benefits of using the mechanical dryers. Trainings are conducted by institutions such as NABARD, NGOs, government agencies (Department of Women and Child Development) etc., to train the women in processing the dry fishes. Storage is another major issue for dry fish producers; there is not enough space for drying fishes, which raises the cost of using trays and racks, and storing the produce during the open market poses a risk of spoilage due to rains and other factors. The government should help in setting up proper market yards and spread awareness about the different schemes and subsidies which will help the producers as many are not aware of the different credit facilities.ThesisItem Open Access An analysis of rice value chain in Koraput district(Department of Agribusiness Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Bhatta, Snigdharani; Behura, Debdutt; Mahapatra, Samarendra; Munda, Pandaba CharanRice is the staple diet of the world’s population, accounting for more than a fifth of all calories consumed. The thesis aims to demonstrate the interconnectedness of paddy cultivation, on-farm diversity and value chain actors involved in it. Koraput (Odisha) is well-known as a center of Asian origin and diversity rice that has been cultivated here. A huge variety of rice types with various morphological characteristics are cultivated by different tribal groups in this region. Most of these tribal tribes’ principal activity is farming and rice is their main crop used for consumption, local trade, socio cultural rituals and religious celebration. Agriculture is the principal source of income for the local peoples. Due to scarcity of water, Kharif crops are cultivated in larger area under rain-fed situation with limited area under cultivation during Rabi and summer season. A value chain analysis was carried out to find dynamic links between productive and non-productive processes. The allocation of activities is determined by net value contributed rather than overall gross production. Value addition between activities, analyses information flows among value chain participants. A value chain is critical in the transformation of agricultural commodities from raw materials to consumer-demanded end goods. In rice value chains, there are a number of stakeholders and the distribution of gains among them throughout the value chain is complicated. The value chain is frequently disputed and studied. The value chain includes wholesalers, retailers, millers and consumers. The term “agricultural value chain” refers to the entire set of operations and actors involved in transporting agricultural products from input suppliers through farmers’ fields and, finally, to the consumer. A few enterprising farmers have come up with the notion of primary processing paddy into semi-polished and polished rice, which will increase their revenue while also giving health benefits.ThesisItem Open Access Marketing and value chain analysis of kandhamal turmeric(Department of Agribusiness Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Nanda, Rutuparna; Munda, Pandaba Charan; Mahapatra, Samarendra; Behura, DebduttKandhamal is a centrally located district of Odisha where Scheduled Tribe (51.5%) and Scheduled Caste (18.2%) are living predominantly. Agriculture is the main occupation of these tribals. Annually about 14,000 Ha of turmeric is grown with a production of about 28,900MT. The growth of turmeric is their major source of income as they export it in large quantities, bartering it for grain and salt to drivers of pack bullocks who come from Ganjam, Sambalpur, Cuttack, Puri, and tributary States. The district occupies the first position under area and production of turmeric in the State. The local turmeric cultivars belong to Curcuma auromatica with 2.36% of curcumin. Although the variety is lacking high curcumin it has 12.15% of oleoresin and 5.33% of essential oil. This turmeric is marketed as Kandhamal turmeric of Odisha. The area under turmeric is increasing day by day. This variety is not valued in the international market. In order to bring a tangible change in the quality and also to increase the per-unit production one special project under Innovative Jawahar Rojagar Yojana (IJRY) was implemented in the district by Govt. of India (80%) and Panchayat Raj Dept, (20%) Govt. of Odisha. The present study entitled “Marketing and Value Chain Analysis of Kandhamal Turmeric” was undertaken with the objective to develop a conceptual model incorporating various stages in the value chain and marketing of organic turmeric; to describe important marketing channels and people involved; to estimate the cost of cultivation of organic turmeric and to identify constraints faced in turmeric marketing, production and value chain. Multistage purposive cum random sampling method was used for the selection of respondents. The present study was carried out in the Kandhamal district putting special emphasis on two blocks Raikia, and G. Udayagiri. In all 50 Turmeric growers were selected. The analytical techniques viz. Descriptive analysis, SWOT analysis, Price spread analysis; and Partial budgeting was used for the study. The prices of turmeric have an increasing trend over the years. It is observed that there were three marketing channels in the study area. Thus, the existing price covers the cost of production and is remunerative to the growers. However, the net share of the turmeric growers is very low in the marketing framework. The study highlights the importance of the collective action of producers to obtain easy access to the international markets. Financial support to the producers not only helps them to increase productivity as well as to make a way to come out of the clutches of the middlemen.ThesisItem Open Access Bio-pesticides: A study on current market status, farmers’ perception, and future prospectives in Puri district(Department of Agribusiness Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Subhadarshini, Sipra; Mund, Pandaba Charan; Mohapatra, Samarendra; Behura, DebduttOur agricultural crops are vulnerable to attack of various pests like bacteria, fungi, weeds, and insects, leading to reduced yield and poor quality of the produce. Generally, Synthetic Pesticides are highly effective against various pest control because they act on a broad and wide range of hosts but their negative impacts badly affect the environment and the overall sustainability of the farming systems. Bio-pesticides are regarded as the safe, economic, and eco-friendly alternatives to chemical or synthetic pesticides because these are mainly derived from animals, plants, and other natural living beings such as fungi, bacteria, algae, viruses, nematodes, and protozoa. And all these factors help increase its application in pest management to some extent throughout the world. The research and development in bio-pesticides application are very much in reducing the environmental pollution caused by the chemical synthetic pesticide residues and promotes sustainable development of agriculture. Till the year 2020, a large number of products of bio-pesticides have been registered and released, some of which have played a leading role in the agriculture market in India. Some indigenous plants like Neem, Garlic, Triphala, Pinus, Kesia, Cymbopogon, etc., can easily be processed and used for insect-pest management. Some other microbial bio-pesticides like BT, NPV, Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, etc. have already registered and are being practiced by farmers as well as Govt. and private organizations. According to the ‘state/UTs zonal conference on inputs (plant protection) for rabi and kharif seasons’, in 2017-18, demand of bio-pesticides in Odisha was 315 MT, whereas it increased to some extent during 2019-20 to 333MT but reduced 19.81% to 267MT due to the hit of COVID-19 pandemic. Though the consumption pattern of bio-pesticides is still varying (sometimes increasing, sometimes decreasing), it accounts for about 1.90% of total bio-pesticides consumption in India while that of chemical pesticides covers 1.86%. And it shows the growing demand of bio-pesticides among people of Odisha. This research was conducted to know the current market status and future trends of bio-pesticides, and its efficacy from farmers’ point of view in Nimapada block of Puri district of Odisha. To fulfill the stated specific objectives, various type of primary information were collected from sample farmers and dealers. A questionnaire was prepared for both dealers and farmers. The selected farmers and dealers were interviewed with the help of pretested questionnaire schedule for preferred bio-pesticide. Exploration of new source of bio-pesticides and formulations along with large investment in this sector and awareness among farmers are very much required for the sustainable crop production in different parts of Odisha. The problem of toxicity of chemical pesticides, popularity for organic farming, environmental, soil, and health concerns, are the prime drivers of the markets. Less awareness among the farmers, lack of Government initiatives, and the high prices of the bio-pesticides in the market are the key market restraints.ThesisItem Open Access A study on marketing of eggs in odisha(Department of Agribusiness Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Panda, Rudrashish; Mohanty, Guru Prasad; Mahapatra, Samarendra; Munda, Pandaba CharanThe study “Marketing of Eggs in Odisha” aims to analyse the marketing system of eggs, support services & the roles they play and constraints faced by those in the industry to understand the layer industry in the state of Odisha. Carried as part of the two year MBA-ABM Programme in the study was done in the 4th semester. The period of the study was from September 2021 to December 2021. The study, was conducted in various layer farms in Odisha in the above explained period. The sample size for the study initially included 20 layer farmer and later 20 egg traders and 20 small scale egg retailers were purposively added to understand the complete marketing chain of eggs in Odisha state. The study explores the various aspects of production and marketing by involving the various key players in the marketing chain of eggs in Odisha with a focus on financial aspects. In addition to that, the problems of the industry were ranked based on the ranking by respondents using “Henry Garrett Ranking Technique”. The study traced out three marketing or distribution channels and their price spread was found out. This includes distribution channel involving OPOLFED, distribution channel involving Farmers selling to Traders and distribution channel involving Farmers selling to Hatcheries. Marketing Cost for Egg through OPOLFED is INR 6.33 per egg (100%), out of which INR 5.13 (81.04%) is the cost per egg, and INR 1.20 (18.60%) is the cost of marketing. Marketing cost for one petty of eggs from farmers to traders is INR 1269.43 (100%) of which 1077.30 (84.86%) is the cost of eggs and INR 192.13 (15.14%) is the cost of marketing. Marketing cost for one petty of eggs from trader to retailer is INR 1388.83 (100%) of which 1269.43 (91.40%) is the cost of eggs, and INR 119.40 (8.60%) is the cost of marketing. In addition to that, the study also ranked the various problems faced by the stakeholders in the poultry industry in Odisha. It was noted that “High Cost of Production” was the most important production related problem, “Higher Rate of Interest” was the most important financial related problem, “No Direct Link with Potential Buyers” was the most important marketing related problem, “Higher Transportation Cost” was the most important transportation related problem, “High Manpower Expenditure” was the most important labour related problem faced by the layer industry in Odisha. Given its contribution to the economy and the ability to generate large employment, poultry industry in India and Odisha plays an important role. Competent authorities are needed to take care of the problems that this industry faces and awareness should be increased so as to motivate the new farmers and entrepreneurs to take up the layer or eggs business so that Odisha as a state can be self-sufficient to meet the daily demand of the productThesisItem Open Access A study on evolvement of producer company by involving SHGS in Ganjam district(Department of Agribusiness Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Bhanja, Shakti Swaroop; Mishra, Sanat; Mohapatra, Samarendra; Behura, DebduttIn India,A concept of producer Company was introduced with Amendment of the companies Act( 1956 amendments) in the the year 2002 with recommendation of Y K Alagh committee. producer company is an amalgamation of private limited and cooperative society where it has been attempted to capture the strength of both the organization .These new generation cooperatives is expected to run on professional business model in coupled with collectivization and inclusiveness of cooperatives. In India FPOs are promoted by National as well as State level to use the resource effectively for augmenting the farmers income. The study was undertaken in the months of October and November 20211 covering 6 Blocks of Ganjam District with overarching goal to assess the status of SHGs moving towards producer company. The study came to identify problem challenge faced by SHG Based Producer companies and an attempt has been made to estimate ‘Economies Of scale’ and ‘Economies Of Scope’ that provide a template of opportunities for the producer company in Ganjam district. In present day Government of Odisha also enhancing the Women SHGs entrepreneurship development by giving hand holding support through Odisha livelihood mission. The study covered 26 groups of 6 blocks had been taken from 6 blocks under 2Agro Climatic Zone, 4 Agro Eco Situations and 4 Agro based activities. For each group 5 parameters were studied such as Group Management Initiatives, Resource Management Initiative, Network Management Initiative, Production Management Initiative and Marketing Management Initiatives to arrive at group value which indicate the level of maturity of the group moving towards Producer Company. Further the study has understood the problem and challenges faced by the groups; of which, production management initiative was identified as the most hindering factor affecting the group performance. By considering 2 parameters such as Amplification effect (Economies of scope) and Multiplication effect (Economies Scale) it was revealed that the group having high value score has better chance to evolve as Producer Company. Thus the development functionaries, project manager and policy planner may use this parameter as indicators of cruise moving towards Producer Company.ThesisItem Open Access A study on value chain analysis of paddy straw Mushroom cultivation in Cuttack district(Department of Agribusiness Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Mallick, Saroj Kumar; Mishra, Bishnupriya; Mahapatra, Samarendra; Behura, DebduttaThe main objective of this study was to identify and clarify farmers and their functions in the paddy straw mushroom cultivation value chain in Cuttack district of Odisha. The primary data were collected through face-to-face interview and by using a questionnaire filled out the by 30 farmers from various major mushroom production in Cuttack district, selection by non-random sampling. Secondary data were collected from various sources. Based on the data analysis, it was found that around 20 intermediaries & 40 consumers using household preferred to buy their mushroom products in the supermarket, and 60% of consumers answer that are factors other than the shape, color, and size of paddy straw mushrooms motivated them to buy them. The research policy found that urban consumers were more aware of the nutrition value of paddy straw mushrooms, but their level of use was much lower than that of non-vegetarian urban consumer in the studied area. Nearly 10% of respondents believed a myth about paddy straw mushrooms having a mold and were prepared using traditional method, which causes a bad smell sold their harvest directly to the consumers only. Paddy straw mushroom was the main variety that most of the 75% had major constraints found in the mushroom value chain were shortage of the substrate and spawn, difficulty in finding suitable labor and shortage of storage facilities. major chances are increasing customer awareness about the mushroom, subsidies provided by the authorities and inventions of machines to solve labor problem. There was high need for institutional intervention in developing of the consumer awareness as the producer themselves didn‟t have the ability to engage in promotion. There was a clear need to set a standard for program control or quality control in paddy straw mushroom production. It was found that while producers used more labor and energy in the paddy straw straw mushroom price chain than other farmers, they received less revenue and profits than wholesalers and retailers.
