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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Management of Stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in Maize(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2010) Ali, Navab; Gaje Singh; Kamal Khilari, C.S.Parsad,S. K. SachanFor present investigation entitled “Studies on management of stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in maize” the field experiments were conducted in randomized block design with three replications of seven treatments for two consecutive years i.e. "kharif, 2008 and 2009 at entomological research block of crop research centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.) 250110. In extensive study, ten species of insects belonging to 6 orders were observed to be associated with the maize at experimentation location during the period of study. Among them, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) was found as major pest. Maize aphid and leaf hopper were also found moderately damaging the crop. The other insect-pests recorded on the crop were of less importance and extent of their damage was found without much economic loss. Among all the treatments, indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 500 ml/ha was found best with minimum infestation of Chilo partellus 9.99 per cent (25 DAS) and 11.75 per cent (40 DAS) followed by endosulfan 35 EC @ 1.5 lit/ha. The maximum infestation of 36.23 per cent (25 DAS) and 38.29 per cent (40 DAS) was recorded with untreated control. The minimum leaf injury of 1.15 (25 DAS) and 1.30 (40DAS) was recorded in plot treated with indoxacarb followed by endosulfan and imidacloprid. The minimum number of dead hearts 2.69 (20 DAS) and 4.00 (40 DAS) were found with treatment of indoxacarb and next in order were the treatments of maize+cowpea (intercropping) and imidacloprid. The experimental crop treated with Indoxacarb was found best with minimum dead heart of 6.65 per cent and followed by maize+cowpea (intercropping) with 8.50 per cent dead heart. The minimum pooled tunnel length (1.37 cm) was found in indoxacarb and followed by endosulfan with stem tunneling of 3.53 cm. All the treatments except maize+cowpea (intercropping) and T. chilonis were significantly superior in reducing the aphid and leaf hopper population. The minimum aphid population of 3.41, 5.05, and 6.15 at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively was recorded in the treatment of indoxacarb and followed by endosulfan. Like wise Indoxacarb was also found best treatment with minimum population of 2.91, 3.72 and 5.08 at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively. The second best treatment in reducing leaf hopper population was endosulfan. The minimum population of coccinellids of 3.03, 2.33 and 2.33 at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively was recorded in the treatment of indoxacarb. The maximum population of 11.00, 14.28 and 16.05 at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively was recorded in untreated control and followed by maize+cowpea (intercropping) and T. chilonis which were highly safe to coccinellids population and were at par with untreated control. In case of spider population, the maximum population 5.21 (30 DAS), 7.21 (45 DAS) and 9.66 (60 DAS) was recorded in untreated control and was followed by maize+cowpea (intercropping) and T. chilonis. The minimum population 1.14 (30 DAS), 1.50 (45 DAS) and 2.85 (60 DAS) of spiders was found in treatment indoxacarb and followed by endosulfan respectively. The maximum grain yield of 48.21 q/ha obtained from the Indoxacarb followed by endosulfan with the grain yield of 40.39 q/ha and imidacloprid with 38.08 q/ha. The minimum grain yield of 21.16 q/ha was reported in untreated control. The maximum increase in grain yield of 27.05 q/ha over control and highest cost benefit ratio of 10.79 was recorded with the treatment of indoxacarb and was followed by endosulfan, imidacloprid 17.8 SL (7 ml/kg seed), maize+cowpea (intercropping), and meemarin respectively. The maximum net profit of Rs. 21038.25/ha was obtained from the plots treated with indoxacarb followed by endosulfan, imidacloprid, maize+cowpea (intercropping) and neemarin with the net profit of 14953.50, 13041.75, 11011.25 and 9836.50 rupees/ha, respectively, while, the minimum net profit (Rs. 4214.50.00/ha) was estimated from the treatment of T. chilonis.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular Marker Based Genetic Diversity Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2012) Singh, Neha; Ravindra Kumar; (Akash Tomar, Purushottam,Jitender SinghThe genetic variation and relationships among 32 rice genotypes were evaluated using 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Among 19 SSRs, 17 showed polymorphism. 100% polymorphism was observed with these 17 SSR markers. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 10 with the average value of 4.37 per locus. Three markers generated a total of 5 rare alleles. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the markers ranged from 0.79 (RM 167) to 0.99 (RM 47) with an average of 0.84 per marker. Cluster analysis based on SSR banding pattern grouped the rice genotypes into 2 major clusters with additional sub-clusters. SSR analysis revealed that genotype AUS287 was distantly related to Kalonchi with Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of 0.64. SSR analysis resulted in a more definitive separation of clusters of genotypes, indicating a higher level of efficiency of SSR markers for the accurate determination of relationship between genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN FORAGE SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2009) Kumar, Navneet; S. K. Singh; S. A. Kerkhi, Pooran Chand,Anil SirohiA line x tester analysis involving 15 lines and 3 testers were carried out for 13 quantitative characters in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Analysis of varience revealed substantial amount of variability for all the characters, indicating wide spectrum of variation among the genotypes. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for green fodder yield, stem girth, leaf stem ratio, leaf area and total soluble solids showing the influence of additive gene action on these traits hence, may be useful for effective selection. Higher magnitude of genotypic correlations than the corresponding phnotypic ones, indicating the inherent association the variou traits. Green fodder yield was found to be positive and significantly correlated with leaf breadth, leaves per plant and leaf area. Thus any selection based on these characters will enhance performance and improvement in forage sorghum. Path coefficient analysis exhibited that leaf length, leaf bredth, leaves per plant and leaf area were the most important traits, controlling directly to green fodder yield. Among the lines HC-171, S-199, G-84, Pant chari-3, PC-6, Pant chari-4, ICSV-700, HC-136, S-512 and U.P Chari-2 were appeared as best general combiner for most of the yield contributing characters. Wheras among the testers HC-308 was good general combiners for most of the yield contributing traits. Specific combining ability effect estimates showed a very wide range of variation for most of the characters. Maximum SCA effect in disirable direction for green fodder yield, leaf length, leaves per plant, leaf area, stem girth and total soluble solids by the crosses HC-171 x HC-308, U.P chari-2 x HC-260, G-84 x CPVI-1724, HC-136 x HC-308, Pant chari-4 x HC-260, SPV-1725 x HC-260, S-512 x HC-308, PC-6 x CPVI-1724, Pant chari-4 x CPVI-1724, Pant chari-3 x HC-308, S-199 x HC-260, JHV-14 x HC-308, U.P chari-2 x CPVI-1724, Pant chari-5 x HC-308 and PC-6 x HC-260 respectivly. The crosses SPV-715 x CPVI-1724, SPV-815 x HC-260, CSV-15 x CPVI-1724 and UP chari-2 x HC-260 expressed maximum heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis in desirable direction for forage yield. For most of the majour traits including fodder yield both additive and non additive gene action were of prime importance.ThesisItem Open Access A study on technological gap and constraints in adoption of mango production technologies among orchardists of Bulandshar district(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) Raja, . Mohammad Mosif; R.N.Yadav; D.K.Singh, Dan Singh,Y.P. RajbharThe present investigation entitled “A study on technological gap and constraints in adoption of mango production technology among orchardists of Bulanshahr district” with the help of the followingobjectives, Socio-economic status of mango orchardists, knowledge level of mango orchardists regarding mango production technology, adoption level of mango orchardists regarding mango production technology, constraints in adoption of mango production technology and suitable extension strategies for promotion of quality mango. The results of the study depicted that the majority of the mango orchardists were found in various socio-economic profile characters like, age, middle age category group of 46-60 years 39.00 percent, general cast 54.00 percent, literate 98.00, families size of medium category 5-8 members, 51.00 percent, the large orchardists with a land holding above 10 hectare 26.00 percent respectively. Agriculture was observed as main occupation by 93.00 percent orchardists. About 30.00 percent respondents were found earning annual income of Rs. 75001/-to Rs. 150000/-.The maximum number of orchardists was found in medium level of scientific orientation, economic motivation, and risk orientation with 56.00 percent, 77.00 percent and 66.00 percent respectively. The knowledge level and adoption level of the most of mango orchardists regarding mango cultivation practices were having at medium level and regarding plant protection practices were having at low level.The mango orchardistsfaced the constraints in adoption of mango production technology i.e. maximum orchardists were related to lack of knowledge about plant protection measures 73.00 percent, high cost of fertilizer 61.00 percent, poor contact with information centres 60.00 percent, less number of production technology centres 54.00 percent and the minimum mango orchardist were related to poor road and transportation facilities 10.00 percent and old traditional method of packaging mangoes 09.00 percent in the study areaThesisItem Open Access Determination of nutritional status of dairy cattle with the help of milk urea nitrogen under field and farm condition(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2013) Ansari, Arif; D.S.Sahu; D.S. Sahu, S.K. Verma, Nazim Ali, S.P. Yadav,Rajbir SinghThe present study was conducted to study the milk urea nitrogen concentration at different farms and asses nutritional status of their animals through milk urea nitrogen and to study the feeding cost of milk production. The study was carried out on three different farms viz. Military Dairy Farm, Meerut Cantt (MF); Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya (PF) and Livestock Research Centre (LRC) of SVP Uni. of Ag. & Tech.Meerut. From each farm 10 adult milking cows were selected randomly. At MF cows belonged to Frieswal breed. At PF, the cows were crossbred while at LRC the cows were of Sahiwal breed. The wheat straw/ oat straw (4 kg to each cows) was offered in the morning hours at around 10:00 AM and half of the wheat straw/ oat straw (4 kg to each cows) was offered in the evening hours at around 4:00 PM. The samples of feed materials fed at different farms were collected at weekly interval. At Military Farm, Meerut, the DM, CP, CF, EE, Total Ash and AIA content of green maize varied from 20.07 to 25.16%, 6.22 to 10.42%, 28.56 to 32.90%, 1.98 to 2.17%, 7.15 to 11.59% and 3.40 to 4.66% respectively during different weeks. The DM, CP, CF, EE, total Ash and AIA content in wheat straw ranged from 95.40 to 96.00%, 4.90%, 41.62 to 47.05%, 1.70 to 1.93%, 5.22 to 7.48% and 3.16 to 5.50% respectively. The DM, CP, CF, EE, total Ash and AIA content in concentrate feed ranged from 92.00 to 92.60%, 13.57 to 13.74%, 4.92 to 6.66%, 2.10 to 2.27%, 7.12 to 7.86% and 1.77 to 2.43% respectively. The dry matter intake (kg/day) of experimental lactating cows at LRC, SVPUA&T Meerut was significantly lower (p<0.01) than Military Farm, Meerut and Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya, Meerut where the dry matter intake was highest. The experimental lactating cows were fed on the basis of their milk production therefore the cows at Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya Meerut were getting maximum quantity of concentrate than the cows at other farms. The crude protein intake of the experimental lactating cows at LRC, SVPUA&T, Meerut was significantly lower (p<0.01) than the crude protein intake of the experimental lactating cows at Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya and Military Farm, Meerut. Milk urea nitrogen content in the milk of experimental lactating cows at Private Dairy Farm, Shivaya was significantly higher (p<0.01) than the milk urea nitrogen content in the milk of experimental lactating cows at Military Farm, Meerut and LRC, SVPUA&T, Meerut. The average feeding cost of milk production was recorded as 8.61±0.29 Rs./kg which was significantly lower (p<0.01) than average cost of milk production at Military Farm, Meerut and LRC, SVPUA&T, Meerut. It was concluded that the high level of milk urea nitrogen is detrimental to animal health therefore it must be brought down either by lowering down the crude protein content in the diet of the cow or by increasing energy content of the ration being fed to the cows so that the ingested protein could be used perfectly by the animal.ThesisItem Open Access THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS SUPPLEMENTED WITH VITAMIN E, Zn, AND Cr(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) SAHAK, MOHAMMAD AKRAM; Nazim Ali; J. Yadav, Raj Kumar,D.S. SahuThe present investigation entitled “the growth performance, haemato-biochemical and carcass quality of broiler chickens supplemented with vitamin E, Zn, and Cr” was conducted at the Poultry Research and Training Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) for a total of 6 week, to study the effects of different inclusion levels of supplementary Vitamin E, Zn and Cr either individually or in combination on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical characteristics and carcass quality of broiler chickens. 240 day old chicks of Cobb 400 breed were used in this experiment. The chicks were divided into 8 groups of 30 chicks each, with 3 replicates of 10 chicks in each group. The chicks were wing banded, weighed and then randomly distributed in dietary treatment into eight groups consisting of 30 chicks in each group. The chicks were reared under deep litter production system of management. These chicks were provided with broilers starter and finisher feeds formulated to provide 22% CP and 20% CP respectively. T1, fed mixed ration only, served as control. T2 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 250 mg/kg vit. E, T3 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 50 mg/kg Zn, T4 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 0.7 mg/kg Cr., T5 was feed mixed ration supplemented with 250 mg/kg vit. E + 50 mg/kg Zn. , T6 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 250 mg/kg vit. E + 0.7 mg/kg Cr. , T7 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 50 mg/kg Zn. + 0.7 mg/kg Cr. , T8 was fed mixed ration supplemented with 250 mg/kg vit. E + 50 mg/kg Zn. +0.7 mg/kg Cr. Growth performance, carcass quality and hemato-biochemical parameters were investigated. The average body weight of six week of broiler chicks were 1576.58 ± 2.45, 1701.90 ± 2.45, 1673.80 ± 2.45, 1631.63 ± 2.45, 1799.50 ± 2.45, 1770.00 ± 2.45, 1738.90 ± 2.45 and 1862.40 ± 2.45 gm in group T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively. The 6th week body weight differences among the treatment groups were statistically significant (p<0.05).The average total feed consumption from 1-6 weeks were 3500.01 ± 1.16, 3522.93 ± 1.73, 3514.98 ± 2.31, 3508.00 ± 3.46, 3545.02 ± 3.46, 3540.00 ± 2.89, 3529.97 ± 3.46 and 3549.96 ± 4.04 gm for the group T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively. The total feed consumption from1-6 weeks among the treatment groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). The average total feed conversion ratio for the period 1-6 week were 2.29 ± 0.005, 2.11 ± 0.003, 2.14 ± 0.003, 2.22 ± 0.005,2.03 ± 0.005, 2.06 ± 0.005, 2.09 ± 0.005 and 1.96 ± 0.005 for group T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively The average total cholesterol in mg per dl were 183.07±0.44, 162.00±0.44, 166.33±0.50, 171.33±0.59, 141.00±0.54, 148.00±0.69, 150.33±0.45 and 135.33±0.63 for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively. The average dressed carcass percent for the different treatment groups were 69.40±0.42, 71.06±0.57, 70.40±0.34, 69.80±0.23, 72.90±0.21, 72.50±0.15, 71.80±0.31and 73.50±0.10 for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 , T7, and T8 respectively. The average thigh weight percent for the different treatment groups 30.50 ± 0.08, 32.40 ± 0.05, 31.90 ± 0.03, 31.30 ± 0.06, 33.30 ± 0.03, 33.10 ± 0.05, 32.80 ± 0.08, 33.80 ± 0.06 for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8 respectively. Weekly feed consumption, weekly body weight and weekly body weight gain were significantly higher in supplemented treatment groups with combined elements than individual elements and lowest in control group. Dressing %, Eviscerated Weight % , Thigh weight % , Liver wt %, Heart wt%, Spleen wt %, Gizzard wt % were higher in supplemented groups and lowest in control group. The highest % of carcass characteristics was observed in T8. Hemato-biochemical characteristics were significantly higher in supplemented groups than control except for cholesterol which was higher in control groups as compared to supplemented groups. Total and weekly feed consumption was not significantly differ in 0-3 weeks’ period but showed a significant difference among treatment groups from 4-6 weeks of the experiment. T8 showed a preferentially high total and weekly feed consumption. The present investigation showed an improvement in growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics among treatment groups supplemented with vitamin E, zinc, chromium either individually or in combination as compared to control groups. The effects were higher when the elements supplemented were combined due to their synergistic effects. It is therefore concluded that supplementation of combined vitamin E, chromium and zinc has a preferential effect on growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens as compared to supplementing individual elements or control in broiler production.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Occurrence and Biopesticidal Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) in Brinjal(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) Singh, Mohit; S.K. Sachan; Gaje Singh, D.V. Singh,Gopal SinghAn investigation was carried out to study the occurrence and biopesticidal management of shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) in brinjal during kharif 2014 at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut. Eight different insecticides were tested in a randomized block design with three replications. During the crop season, ten insect species were found attacking the brinjal crop at different crop growth stages. Of these, shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) were recorded as major pests. The jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) and aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover) were found to damage the crop moderately. The other insect pests recorded on the crop were of less importance. The incidence of shoot and fruit borer recorded first on second fortnight of July and reached to its peak during middle of October. The population of L. orbonalis showed positive correlation with the maximum and minimum temperature, while, relative humidity and rainfall had negative correlation. Efficacy of different treatments viz, spinosad 45SC @ 200ml/ha, Beauveria bassiana 1X108 spore/gm @ 2500gm/ha, chlorpyrifos 20EC @ 1lit/ha, neemarin 35% W/W @ 3lit/ha, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurtsaki 54% 500gm/ha, neemarin-Bt- Bb and Bt - Bb – Bt against L. orbonalis revealed that all the treatments were found significantly effective in reducing the infestation of shoot and fruit borer and thus increasing the yield as compared to control. The most effective treatment was spinosad 45SC @ 200ml/ha followed by chlorpyrifos 20EC @ 1lit/ha. The higher yield (169.13q/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1: 10.62) were also obtained from spinosad 45SC.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) UNDER WESTERN U.P. CONDITIONS(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2007) Kumar, Mohit; Satya Prakash; P.L.Saroj, Manoj Kumar SinghAn attempt has been made during the year 2006-07 at Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut-250 110 to study the effect of time and method of vegetative propagation, namely, patch budding and wedge grafting on bud/graft success and quality parameters with a view to determine the appropriate time and suitable method of vegetative propagation in guava under Western U.P. conditions. Patch budded plants took minimum time to sprout and showed maximum sprouting when it was performed in May followed by June. The same technique was also found to be significantly superior to wedge grafting on account of higher success. Based on results obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that patch budding performed during May was found to be the most appropriate propagation technique in guava on account of higher success under sub-tropical conditions of Western Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, the patch budding can be adopted with great success in guava for propagating plants on commercial scale in Western Uttar Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES, TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT ON WEED DYNAMICS AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN WHEAT UNDER RICE-WHEAT SYSTEM(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) CHOUDHARY, MEENA; Vivek; Raghuvir Singh, B.P. Dhyani,Vivak Kumar,P.C. SharmaRice–wheat cropping system provides the staple grain supply for a large portion of the world’s population and is critically important for global food security. In south Asia, this system produces more than 30% of the rice and 42% of wheat and covers around 13.5 million hectare of cultivated land. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown and consumed food crop and is the staple food for 35% of the world population. In India, wheat is not only constitutes the basic component of human diet and staple food but also contributes 14.4 % of the value added agriculture and 3.1 % to GDP. Tillage Practices, late sowing, poor crop establishment, lodging, water management and weed are some common factors behind yield stagnation. Wheat is generally has problem of both, grassy weed and broad leaves weeds. These weeds are responsible for low productivity of wheat by sharing a greater part of nutrients, moisture, space and light with the crop. Keeping above facts in view, the present investigation was conducted for one year (2013-14) at Crop Research Centre, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana) during rabi season to work out weed dynamics and crop productivity in wheat under different tillage with or without residue management and planting dates. The field experiment consisting 12 treatment combinations (4 tillage and residue management practices viz.; conventional tillage, zero tillage, zero tillage with anchored residue and zero tillage with full residue; and 3 planting dates viz.; 25-October, 5-November and 15-November) laid out in Split Plot Design with four replications. Zero tillage with full residue recorded significantly better growth parameters (except plant height and number of tillers) at all the growth stages, yield attributes, yield (Grain yield 5.08 t ha-1) and (Straw yield 7.05 t ha-1) and economic returns of wheat over rest of the tillage management practices. In case of weed dynamics zero tillage with full residue recorded minimum weed density and biomass at all the growth stages over rest of the treatments while maximum was recorded under conventional tillage. Zero tillage with full residue significantly improved available phosphorous and potassium over rest of the treatments while, failed to affect available N and organic carbon in soil after harvest of the crop. Among the planting dates 25-October sowing of wheat recorded maximum and significantly higher growth parameters (except total number of tillers), yield attributes, yield (Grain yield 4.91 t ha-1) and (Straw yield 7.17 t ha-1) and economic returns over 15-November sowing. Early planting wheat recorded minimum weed density and biomass at all the growth stages compared to late planting. 25-October sowing of wheat also improved available phosphorous and potassium over rest of the planting dates while, failed to affect available N and organic carbon. Therefore, a combination of Zero tillage with full residue and early planting of wheat (25-October), may be recommended for better weed management, higher yield, higher productivity and net returns.