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Subject: Plant Breeding and Genetics × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2014 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic analysis for yield and its components in sesame
    (JNKVV, 2014) Tanwar, Ajay; Bisen, Rajani
    ABSTRACT Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), a crop from family Pedaliaceae is the most ancient oilseed crop. The present investigation entitled “Genetic Analysis for Yield and its Components in Sesame” was conducted under Project Coordinating Unit (Sesame and Niger) Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during kharif 2013. This investigation was carried out with sesame (96 + 1 check) germplasm in Randomized Complete Block Design in two replications. Observations were recorded on six randomly selected plants from each replication per treatment. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of capsules/plant, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, capsule length, 1000 seed weight, oil content (%) and seed yield /plant. The objective of this study was to characterize sesame germplasm and estimate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, association analysis, path coefficient analysis, genetic divergence and principal component analysis for yield and yield attributing traits. Sesame germplasm lines were categorized in different groups on the basis of characters such as flower petal color, stem hairiness, leaf size, plant branching pattern, leaf lobes, locule number, leaf serration of margin, leaf axil, seed coat colour, capsule arrangement, capsule shape and flower petal hairiness. Analysis of variance revealed sufficient and desirable amount of variability for most of the characters which indicates that there is enough scope for selection considering these characters. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was significantly higher in magnitude than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters under study. Number of secondary branches/plant recorded the highest PCV and GCV followed by number of capsules/plant and number of primary branches/plant. Low PCV and GCV was recorded for days to maturity. The highest heritability was exhibited by oil content, days to 50% flowering, number of capsules/plant, plant height and 1000 seed weight. Low heritability was recorded for number of secondary branches/plant, number of primary branches/plant, seed yield /plant, capsule length and days to maturity. The highest genetic advance as percentage of mean (at 5% selection intensity) were recorded for number of secondary branches /plant and number of capsule /plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited by number of capsules/plant hence, this trait is governed by additive genes indicating that direct selection would be effective for sesame improvement. The results revealed that the estimates of genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficients. Seed yield/plant showed highly significant positive association with plant height, number of primary branches, number of capsules/plant, 1000 seed weight and oil content whereas, significant negative correlation was exhibited with capsule length. Path coefficient analysis revealed that substantial positive direct effect on seed yield was exerted by oil content, plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of capsules/plant, number of secondary branches/plant and 1000 seed weight, whereas, negative effect was exerted by days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and capsule length. Based on the studies of correlation and path analysis, the characters number of primary branches/plant, number of capsules/plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight and oil content can be considered for formulating high yielding plant ideotype. Tocher’s method resulted in formation of fifteen clusters. Clustering of germplasm was not associated with the geographical distribution and mainly grouped due to their morphological differences. The percentage contribution towards genetic divergence by oil content was maximum while, days to 50% flowering, number of capsules/plant showed moderate contribution to genetic divergence. The highest intra cluster distance was recorded in cluster V followed by cluster IV. The inter cluster distance was highest between the cluster VI and cluster XV followed by cluster VIII and cluster XV indicating that superior hybrids or recombinants can be realized by mating between the lines of the clusters i.e. S-0069, ES-334962 and GRT-83128 in a definite fashion. The lowest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and cluster VI. Crossing between germplam belonging to the same cluster might not be expected to yield desirable segregates. Principal components analysis was performed using phenological and yield components for sesame germplasm. Out of ten, only nine principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 0. 5 eigen value and showed about 95.19% total variability among the characters studied. PC1 showed 20.328% while, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7, PC8 and PC9 exhibited 15.375%, 13.281%, 10.508%, 8.968%, 8.483%, 6.823%, 6.051% and 5.381% variability, respectively among the germplasm for the traits under study. Rotated component matrix revealed that the PC1 accounted for the most physiological and yield contributing traits like plant height, number of capsules/plant, number of primary branches/plant, 1000 seed weight and seed yield/ plant. PC2 was also dominated by yield related traits i.e. number of secondary branches/plant, capsule length and 1000 seed weight. The PC3 was dominated by yield and quality related traits i.e. oil content (%), and days to maturity. W hile, PC4 was more related to physiological traits like days to 50% flowering. An intensive selection procedures can be designed to bring about rapid improvement of dependent traits i.e. yield and oil content in sesame by selecting lines ES-334962, EC-334992-1, NIC-7982, IS-424, S- 0627, S-0069, ES-173, G-19 and GRT-8392 from PC1and PC3 which can be used for further breeding programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization and quantitative analysis in aromatic rice germplasm
    (JNKVV, 2014) Shahnaz, Kumari; Mishra, D.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Characterization and Quantitative Analysis in Aromatic Rice Germplasm” was carried out at Seed Breeding Farm of J.N.K.V.V, Jabalpur with one hundred and forty nine lines in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during Kharif 2013. Morphological observations (as per DUS guideline) viz., basal leaf sheath colour, leaf pubescence of blade surface, leaf auricle, leaf anthocyanin colouration of auricle leaf shape of ligules, leaf ligule colour, flag leaf attitude of blade, stem-anthocyanin colouration of nodes, spikelet colour of stigma, spikelet density of pubescence, sterile lemma colour, spikelet- colour tip of lemma, panicle exsertion, panicle- attitude of branches, panicle- awns, distribution of awns colour of awns were recorded. The quantitative observation were recorded on 10 randomly selected plants e.g. days to fifty percent flowering, plant height, number of tillers plant-1 , number of productive tillers plant-1 , days to maturity, panicle length, average panicle weight per plant, fertile spikelets per panicle, sterile spikelets per panicle, number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility percent, spikelet density, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, panicle index, harvest index, and qualitative observation were grain length, grain width, decorticated grain length, decorticated grain width, hulling percent, milling percent. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic variability for yield and quality traits in aromatic rice genotypes, to study genotypic and phenotypic association among all the traits, to estimates direct and indirect effect of yield and quality attributes on seed yield, to indentify superior aromatic rice genotypes based on yield and quality traits and to validate the reported SSR markers on selected genotypes for yield related traits. Characterization of genotypes concluded that the characters viz., basal leaf sheath color, pubescence of blade surface, auricle, auricle color, shape of ligule, ligule color, flag leaf-attitude of blade, spikelet-color of stigma, stem- anthocyanin coloration of nodes, spikelet-density of pubescence, sterile lemma color, spikelet-color of tip of lemma, panicle exsertion, panicle-attitude of branches, awn, distribution of awns, color of awns had sufficient amount of variability. Analysis of variance indicated that the differences among genotypes were highly significant for all the traits studied. This indicated that the genotypes had sufficient amount of variability. The variability among genotypes ranged from number of spikelet per panicle to decorticated grain width. High GCV and PCV exhibited by unfilled spikelet per panicle followed by spikelet no. per panicle, harvest index, grain yield, panicle weight, fertile spikelet no. per panicle, biological yield, spikelet density, productive tillers per plant, total tillers per plant, decorticated grain length, test weight, culm length, panicle index, plant height, spikelet fertility %, grain length, decorticated grain length, grain width, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, days to maturity, hulling % and smallest for milling %. The characters fertile spikelet per panicle, spikelet per panicle, culm length, biological yield, panicle index, spikelet density and test weight exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. It indicates that the heritability is most likely due to additive gene effect and selection may be effective. Grain yield plant-1 exhibited positive and significant association with panicle weight, Harvest index, Panicle index, Productive tillers per plant, Biological yield per plant, Total tillers per plant, Spikelet fertility %, Fertile spikelet per panicle, test weight, Grain length, Panicle length and Spikelet number per panicle. The highest positive direct effect on seed yield plant-1 was observed for Plant height, spikelet density, harvest index, milling %, biological yield, panicle weight, grain width, plant index, total tillers per plant, test weight, and days to 50% flowering had direct positive effect on grain yield. It indicates true relationship between them and direct selection for these traits will be rewarding for yield improvement. At molecular level, all ten markers used were polymorphic. The total number of alleles amplified was 62 with a mean value 6.20. The highest number of allele were nine amplified by markers RM 276 and RM 223. The highest major allele frequency, gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 0.6000 (RM 259 and RM 468), 0.8644 (RM 234), 1.0000 (RM 502 and RM 276) and 0.8499 (RM234), respectively. Unique allele and multiple alleles were amplified by four markers RM256, RM276, RM236 and RM234. The cluster analysis on basis of molecular analysis revealed that the selected fifteen genotypes were divided into two major clusters group. Considering, the morphological characterization, quantitative analysis and molecular level it could be concluded that best genotypes are IR 62873-224-1-6 , SUGANDA MATI , IR 62873-227-2-5 , KRISHNA KAMOD , IET 12601 , MUGAD SUGANDHA , IR 62873-244-2-2 , BASMATI MAHON 381 , IR 62873-244-2-5 , UPR 3375-8-1-1 , IR 60164 - 122- 3-2-1 , PUSA BASMATI 6 , IET 12014 and IR 62871-549-3-6.Thus, genotypes might be further used in breeding programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on character association and selection indices for grain yield and its components in F4 generation of barley (Hordeum vulgare l.)
    (JNKVV, 2014) Mawati, Ramjan Khan; Singh, A.K.
    Abstract The 24 genotypes of barley were studied for variability, correlation, path analysis and selection indices for yield and yield component traits. The experiment was laid out at JNKVV College Farm, College of Agriculture Rewa during rabi 2013-2014.Genotypes were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Observation on days to 50% heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of tillers per plant, spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant were recorded. Analysis of variance showed sufficient amount of variability in the entire gene pool for all traits studied. The comparison of mean performance of F4 population of 24 crosses of barley for 12 traits using least significant differences revealed very high variability in the population. On the result of per se performance the crosses viz., JB284 X PL751, RD2581 X JB1, JB1 X NDB1276, RD2503 X JB58 and K792 X BH674 were identified as best produced highest grain yield per plant and significantly out yielded than the general mean. High phenotypic and genotypic variances were observed for the characters viz., days to 50% heading, plant height, grains per spike and biological yield per plant. Whereas, moderate values for grain yield per plant and remaining traits had the low values of genotypic and phenotypic variances. The higher magnitudes of PCV were recorded for grain yield per plant followed by tillers per plant. While, characters viz., flag leaf area, upper leaf area, grains per spike, biological yield per plant. In general, the higher magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for grain yield per plant and tillers per plant, suggesting sufficient variability and thus offer scope for genetic improvement through selection for these traits. High estimates of heritability was observed for days to maturity, plant height, grains per spike , biological yield per plant, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plant. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was registered for grains per spike, biological yield per plant, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant. At phenotypic level, the grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with spike length, grains per spike, biological yield per plant and 1000 grain weight. Path coefficient analysis at phenotypic level revealed that biological yield per plant registered the maximum positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by harvest index, days to maturity, flag leaf area and plant height. Sequential and simultaneous selection indices revealed that out of twenty four genotypes, 14 genotypes were sorted out for their suitability for higher grain yield based on linear combination of yield components. The result revealed that among the tested genotypes K792 X BH674, JB284 X PL751, JB1 X NDB1276, K792 X NDB1276, RD2668 X K792, RD2581 X JB1 and RD2503 X JB58 had the genetic potential for grain yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of genetic variability in quality rice lines of m.p.
    (JNKVV, 2014) Rathore, Naveen; Perraju, P.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Assessment of Genetic variability in Quality rice lines of Madhya Pradesh .” was carried out with the objectives to estimate mean, range, heritability (%), genetic advance (%), correlation coefficients and path analysis agronomical and quality traits. The experimental material consisted of 60 genotypes and conducted at Experimental farm of College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.) Kharif 2013. Observations were recorded on the basis of five random competitive plants selected from each plot in every replication for morphological traits e.g. days to 50 % heading, plant height, panicle length, no. of panicles/plant and grain yield/plant. Grain quality traits viz., test weight, milling percentage, head rice recovery percentage, kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking, kernel breadth after cooking, elongation ratio and amylose content. The salient findings of the study and conclusion drawn as summarized below: The mean data estimated were subjected to analysis of variance as per the Randomized Block Design. Analysis of data revealed highly significant difference among genotypes for all traits. The coefficients of phenotypic and genotypic variability were comparatively high for L/B ratio, grain yield/plant, no. of panicles/plant, test weight, kernel length, kernel breadth and kernel breadth after cooking. Whereas moderate genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations was observed for head rice recovery, kernel length after cooking, plant height, days to 50 % heading and amylose content. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance indicated predominance of additive gene action for the traits viz., L/B ratio followed by grain yield/plant, test weight, kernel length, kernel breadth after cooking, no. of panicles/plant, head rice recovery, kernel length after cooking, days to 50 % heading, plant height and amylose content. Selections can be effective on the basis of correlation for characters and path analysis like Days to 50 % heading, panicle length, no. of panicles/plant, test weight, kernel length and L/B ratio. These characters should be considered during selection for developing high yielding stable breeding lines. ***
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Estimation of combining ability and heterosis for drought tolerance in upland rice (Oryza sativa l.)
    (JNKVV, 2014) Mishra, Amrendra Kumar; Perraju, P.
    Abstract The present investigation entitled “Estimation of combining ability and heterosis for drought tolerance and in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was undertaken to determine the extent of variability, to assess the GCA effects of parents and SCA effects of crosses, to ascertain the magnitude of exploitable heterosis, to study type of gene action involved for yield, grain quality and other related characters and to study correlations and path coefficients. The experimental material consisted of seven lines viz., REWA-1103-IR, IET-22107, IR-79971-REWA-51, IR-82635-47-1, OM-7938, IR-82639-115-1, IR-826310-67-2 and three testers viz., IR-84898-B-168-39, CRR-451-193-3-B, DANTESWARI and twenty one hybrids were generated in line x testers pattern. The parents and hybrids were raised in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif 2011 at the Research Farm, College of Agriculture Rewa, JNKVV, Jabalpur, (M.P.) India. Observations were recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle, test weight, panicle length, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index. Analysis of variance revealed that variance due to the line x tester was significant for all the characters, this suggested that sufficient variability is available in material used for present study. The mean data were calculated to analysis of variance as per the Randomized Block Design. Analysis of data revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Highest heritability was recorded for grain yield per plant, biological yield and number of tillers per plant, number of panicle per plant and harvest index. 6.2 Conclusion Combining ability analysis revealed the preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the characters studied. among the lines, IR-82639-115-1 showed positive significant GCA effects was best general combiner for all the characters except days to 50 per cent flowering, panicle length and among the lines, IR-826310-67-2 was best general combiner for tiller number per plant, number of grains per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, grain yield per plant, Among the lines REWA-1103-IR, and IR79971-REWA,IR-82635-47-1,IR-826310-67-2 showed positive significant GCA effects was best general combiner for panicle length, harvest index, grain yield per plant, Among the lines, REWA-1103-IR, , IR-82635-47-1, IR-826310—67-2, and IET-22107, showed positive significant GCA effects was best general combiner number of tillers per plant and biological yield. Among the testers, the testers, IR-84898-B-168-39, showed positive significant GCA effects was best general combiner for all the characters except plant height, IR-84898-B-168-39, DANTESWARI and CRR-451-193-3-B was best general combiner for, number of grains per panicle, biological yield, grain yield per panicle, Tester IR-84898-B-168-39 was best general combiner for panicle length, harvest index, grain yield per plant, test weight, DANTESWARI was best general combiner for plant height, number of grains per panicle, harvest index. Hybrid REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B IR-82635-47-1/DANTESWARI for number of tillers per plant; REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B for number of panicles per; hybrid IET-22107/IR-84898-B-168-39 for panicle length per plant; hybrids REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B and IR79971-REWA/IR-84898-B-168-39, IR-82639-115-1/DANTESWARI, IR-826310-67-2/IR-84898-B-168-39 for grain yield per plant number of tiller per plant; REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-39, IR-79971-REWA/IR-84898-B-168, OM-7938/CR-451-193-3-39, IR-82639-115-1/DANTESWARI, IR-826310-67-2/ R-84898-B-168-39 for biological yield; REWA-1103-IR/CRR-451-193-3-B for harvest index; were found as good specific combiners. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher in magnitude than that of genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studied. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for grain yield per plant, harvest index, the moderate estimates genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations were observed for tiller number per plant, panicle per plant, genotypic coefficient of variation of harvest index, phenotypic coefficient of variation for number of grains per plant and plant height. The low estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations were recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, test weight, genotypic coefficient of variation of plant height, panicle length. The highest heritability were recorded for grain yield per plant, biological yield and number of tillers per plant, number of panicle per plant and harvest index. The estimates of relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis were also obtained for different characters under study. A high degree of relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis was observed for all the traits. The highest relative heterosis was exhibited by IR-826310-67-2/IR-84898-B-168-39 followed by IVTE/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B, highest heterobeltiosis was observed for IR-826310-67-2/IR-84898-B-168-39 followed by IET-22107//IR-84898-B-168-39 However, a high degree of heterosis for other traits in desired direction was also observed. Grain yield was positive significantly correlated with the, panicle length, number of tillers per plant, biological yield, harvest index and number of panicles per plant. The study of path analysis of positive direct effects on grain yield showed that harvest index, biological yield, number of grains per plant and number of panicles per plant were most important contributing characters towards the yield, Therefor, the direct selection for harvest index, biological yield, number of grains per plant and number of panicles per plant is likely to be effective in increasing the yield. 6.3 Suggestion for future work Based on the finding of the present investigations, the following suggestions are being made for future work: 1. Lines, IR-82639-115-1 and IR-826310-67-2 were identified as best general combiners for 50 per cent flowering, panicle length and number tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and should further be utilized in developing superior hybrids with other source materials also. 2. Testers IR-84898-B-168, DANTESWARI and CRR-451-193-3-B was best general combiner for number of grains per panicle, biological yield, grain yield per panicle were identified as good general combiners for most of the characters and may be utilized in recombination breeding programme to bring in further improvement in respective traits. 3 Non-additive gene action was predominant for grain yield and related traits, which offers scope for exploitation of heterosis. 4 The present investigation revealed that yield is highly positively correlated with the panicle length, number of tillers per plant, biological yield, harvest index and number of panicles per plant and these characters therefore, should be given importance in further selection. 5 The hybrids REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B, IR-82635-47-1/DANTESWARI, IR-826310-67-2/IR-84898-B-168-39 showed superior performances and high heterosis for grain yield per plant and therefore, may be recommended for commercial exploitation of heterosis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Estimation of combining ability and heterosis for drought tolerance in upland rice (Oryza sativa l.)
    (JNKVV, 2014) Mishra, Amrendra Kumar; Perraju, P.
    Abstract The present investigation entitled “Estimation of combining ability and heterosis for drought tolerance and in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was undertaken to determine the extent of variability, to assess the GCA effects of parents and SCA effects of crosses, to ascertain the magnitude of exploitable heterosis, to study type of gene action involved for yield, grain quality and other related characters and to study correlations and path coefficients. The experimental material consisted of seven lines viz., REWA-1103-IR, IET-22107, IR-79971-REWA-51, IR-82635-47-1, OM-7938, IR-82639-115-1, IR-826310-67-2 and three testers viz., IR-84898-B-168-39, CRR-451-193-3-B, DANTESWARI and twenty one hybrids were generated in line x testers pattern. The parents and hybrids were raised in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif 2011 at the Research Farm, College of Agriculture Rewa, JNKVV, Jabalpur, (M.P.) India. Observations were recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle, test weight, panicle length, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index. Analysis of variance revealed that variance due to the line x tester was significant for all the characters, this suggested that sufficient variability is available in material used for present study. The mean data were calculated to analysis of variance as per the Randomized Block Design. Analysis of data revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Highest heritability was recorded for grain yield per plant, biological yield and number of tillers per plant, number of panicle per plant and harvest index. 6.2 Conclusion Combining ability analysis revealed the preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the characters studied. among the lines, IR-82639-115-1 showed positive significant GCA effects was best general combiner for all the characters except days to 50 per cent flowering, panicle length and among the lines, IR-826310-67-2 was best general combiner for tiller number per plant, number of grains per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, grain yield per plant, Among the lines REWA-1103-IR, and IR79971-REWA,IR-82635-47-1,IR-826310-67-2 showed positive significant GCA effects was best general combiner for panicle length, harvest index, grain yield per plant, Among the lines, REWA-1103-IR, , IR-82635-47-1, IR-826310—67-2, and IET-22107, showed positive significant GCA effects was best general combiner number of tillers per plant and biological yield. Among the testers, the testers, IR-84898-B-168-39, showed positive significant GCA effects was best general combiner for all the characters except plant height, IR-84898-B-168-39, DANTESWARI and CRR-451-193-3-B was best general combiner for, number of grains per panicle, biological yield, grain yield per panicle, Tester IR-84898-B-168-39 was best general combiner for panicle length, harvest index, grain yield per plant, test weight, DANTESWARI was best general combiner for plant height, number of grains per panicle, harvest index. Hybrid REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B IR-82635-47-1/DANTESWARI for number of tillers per plant; REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B for number of panicles per; hybrid IET-22107/IR-84898-B-168-39 for panicle length per plant; hybrids REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B and IR79971-REWA/IR-84898-B-168-39, IR-82639-115-1/DANTESWARI, IR-826310-67-2/IR-84898-B-168-39 for grain yield per plant number of tiller per plant; REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-39, IR-79971-REWA/IR-84898-B-168, OM-7938/CR-451-193-3-39, IR-82639-115-1/DANTESWARI, IR-826310-67-2/ R-84898-B-168-39 for biological yield; REWA-1103-IR/CRR-451-193-3-B for harvest index; were found as good specific combiners. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher in magnitude than that of genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studied. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for grain yield per plant, harvest index, the moderate estimates genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations were observed for tiller number per plant, panicle per plant, genotypic coefficient of variation of harvest index, phenotypic coefficient of variation for number of grains per plant and plant height. The low estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations were recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, test weight, genotypic coefficient of variation of plant height, panicle length. The highest heritability were recorded for grain yield per plant, biological yield and number of tillers per plant, number of panicle per plant and harvest index. The estimates of relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis were also obtained for different characters under study. A high degree of relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis was observed for all the traits. The highest relative heterosis was exhibited by IR-826310-67-2/IR-84898-B-168-39 followed by IVTE/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B, highest heterobeltiosis was observed for IR-826310-67-2/IR-84898-B-168-39 followed by IET-22107//IR-84898-B-168-39 However, a high degree of heterosis for other traits in desired direction was also observed. Grain yield was positive significantly correlated with the, panicle length, number of tillers per plant, biological yield, harvest index and number of panicles per plant. The study of path analysis of positive direct effects on grain yield showed that harvest index, biological yield, number of grains per plant and number of panicles per plant were most important contributing characters towards the yield, Therefor, the direct selection for harvest index, biological yield, number of grains per plant and number of panicles per plant is likely to be effective in increasing the yield. 6.3 Suggestion for future work Based on the finding of the present investigations, the following suggestions are being made for future work: 1. Lines, IR-82639-115-1 and IR-826310-67-2 were identified as best general combiners for 50 per cent flowering, panicle length and number tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and should further be utilized in developing superior hybrids with other source materials also. 2. Testers IR-84898-B-168, DANTESWARI and CRR-451-193-3-B was best general combiner for number of grains per panicle, biological yield, grain yield per panicle were identified as good general combiners for most of the characters and may be utilized in recombination breeding programme to bring in further improvement in respective traits. 3 Non-additive gene action was predominant for grain yield and related traits, which offers scope for exploitation of heterosis. 4 The present investigation revealed that yield is highly positively correlated with the panicle length, number of tillers per plant, biological yield, harvest index and number of panicles per plant and these characters therefore, should be given importance in further selection. 5 The hybrids REWA-1103-IR/DANTESWARI, IET-22107/CRR-451-193-3-B, IR-82635-47-1/DANTESWARI, IR-826310-67-2/IR-84898-B-168-39 showed superior performances and high heterosis for grain yield per plant and therefore, may be recommended for commercial exploitation of heterosis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic analysis of yield and quality traits in single cut oat (Avena sativa l.)
    (JNKVV, 2014) Tiwari, Akansha; Bilaiya, S.K.
    Bengal gram or chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the important pulse crops and is a popular dietary supplement consumed all over the world. Pulses have high protein content and are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Chickpea crop suffers due to the losses caused by various insect pests and diseases. It is attacked by eleven species of insect pests. Among these pests, the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the most serious insect pest in most of the chickpea growing areas of the world. It damages leaves flowers and pods at different stages of growth and yield losses of 50 per cent or even more, have been recorded due to the incidence of this pest. Several control measures, especially chemical insecticides, are applied to control this pest. Chemical means of plant protection causes several adverse effects like environment-pollution, pest resurgence, development of resistance in pests against insecticides, etc. To avoid these problems, non-chemical pest control measures need to be promoted. Development and searching of resistant plant material is one of such methods. The use of resistant genotypes is considered as simple, easy, cheap and ideal method of combating pest problems. From farmers' point of view, this can be the most acceptable form of pest control technique. In the past several scientists have made efforts to screen germplasms / genotypes to find resistant sources. A common limitation is that most of the pest resistant varieties are not high yielding. Breeders are trying to develop high yielding and fusarium wilt resistant lines of chickpea with resistance to pod borer (Lateef et al., 1986). Totally resistant and high yielding genotypes of chickpea to pod borer are not currently ready for farmers' use, but are likely to become available in near future. It is necessary to develop genotypes with stable resistance against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) across the agro-ecological zones of India.Hence, the present experiment entitled, "Screening of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for resistance against gram pod borer, Helicoverma armigera (Hubner)” was planned with following objectives: 1. Screening of different genotypes of chickpea against Helicoverpa armigera. 2. Characterization of different chickpea genotypes and correlation of Helicoverpa incidence with morphological characters. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications and 40 genotypes. Recommended agronomical practices were adopted, to raise good crop. Larval population of Helicoverpa armigera on different genotypes was recorded once in every standard meteorological week (SMW). Sample unit was 0.5 m 2 cropped area and two such sample were observed in each treatment and replication.Observations on total number of pods (healthy and damaged) were recorded on 3 randomly selected plants in every plot. Seed yield from each plot was recorded at harvest. The larval population observed in different genotypes was subjected to analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. . 1. Screening of different genotypes of chickpea against Helicoverpa armigera Chickpea genotypes namely C-410, C-426, C-424 and C-415 registered lowest population (0.10, 0.23, 0.27, and 0.28, larva) of H.armigera followed by genotypes C-409, C-417 and C-416 that registered mean population of 0.32 larva/0.5 m2. However population of remaining 33 genotypes was found to be at par. Highest mean population was recorded in genotypes namely C-306, C-419, C-324, C-321 and JG-14 (between 0.55 to 0.68 larvae/0.5m2). 2. Characterization of different chickpea genotypes and correlation of Helicoverpa incidence with morphological characters. Major plant characters of chickpea genotypes i.e.plant height, days to 50% flowering, pod bearing, pod damage and days to maturity were recorded. Plant height and days to maturity exhibited a significant positive correlation with the incidence level of H.armigera. With every unit increase in plant height(cm) there was an increase of 0.009 larva of H. armigera in chickpea field and every unit increase in day to maturity there was an increase of 0.022 larva of H. armigera in chickpea field.