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ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of self-propelled unit for wet-land rotary weeders(JNKVV, 2016) Kanth, Bodasingi Krishna; Shrivastava, Atul KumarThesisItem Open Access Study the biology of rice weevil on LOK-1 wheat and its incidence in different varieties of stored wheat(JNKVV, 2016) Tiwari, Nikeeta; Bhomick, A.K.ABSTRACT Present studies were under taken on studies on biology of Rice weevil on LOK – 1 wheat and its incidence in different varieties of stored wheat. The results were obtained are presented here with. The results to study the biology of Rice weevil S. oryzae (L.) on LOK-1 wheat and revealed that in stored wheat grain (LOK-1) variety S. oryzae has taken an average egg period of 4.33 days, larval and pupal period of 26.66 days and 8.33 days, respectively at room temperature. The total life cycle was completed in 39.33 days from egg to adult and the adult longevity in absences of food in male 5.66 days and in female 9.33 days. Twelve varieties of wheat were taken against the pest S.oryzae for orientation preference, total developmental period (egg to adult) and losses caused by this pest. Reaction of wheat varieties on orientation, development and survival of Rice weevil, S. oryaze (L.) was studied at room temperature. Variety Sujata was found tolerant on which lowest orientation, lowest adults’ emergence, per cent grain damage and percent loss in grain weight. However, development (eggs to adults) of S.oryzae took only 35 days. The other promising Varieties with regard to reaction against S. oryzae were JW–17, GW–3211, HD-2932 and HI–8498 (Malva Shakti). GW– 322, GW–173, MP–3020, GW–366, were existed under moderately susceptible. Variety LOK-1 was found most susceptible on the basis of above parameter. Rice weevil, S. oryzae (L.) was first seen breeding on rice and hence named as rice weevil as far back as 1763. India is considered to be the native land of this weevil (Fletcher 1911, Newman, 1927; Zacher 1937) The two sexes of S. oryzae look apparently alike but when carefully examined, the male can be distinguished from female by the form of rostrum; in male rostrum relatively short and wide, punctures along rostrum inlarge and irregular, not in rows and often touching each other. In female rostrum relatively long and narrow, punctures along rostrum in regular rows and not touching each other. Well developed hind wings are present beneath elytra punctures on pronotum rounded; the dorsal surface is much more closely punctured in male than female. Wheat varieties did not influence the development al period of S.oryzae which ranged from 32.33 days (MP-3020) to 38.00 days (LOK-1). Minimum number of adults (8.0) was emerged in followed by JW-3288, HD-2932, HI-8498 (Malva Shakti), JW-3173 and JW-17. The adult emergence in LOK-1 was two folds in comparison to Sujata. Incidence of Rice weevil, S. oryzae (L.) on different varieties of stored wheat, the wide variability against the pest and testing the promising, i.e. comparatively resistant varieties, under differ ent storage conditions and study the biology of S. oryzae on different moisture level and R. H. are recommended for further work. The present studies were carried out with following objectives. Objectives:- 1. To study the biology of Rice weevil S. oryzae (L.) on LOK-1 wheat. 2. To study the total developmental period and losses caused by Sitophilus oryzae on different varieties of stored wheat.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of extruder operating parameter for production of 'phalahari' extrudates(JNKVV, 2015) Yadav, Sandeep Singh; Abroal, C.M.ThesisItem Open Access Design, develop and evaluation of sweep type t-inverted furrow opener for tractor drawn seed drill under vertisol(JNKVV, 2015) Deshbhratar, Rupak Kumar; Tiwari, K.B.ThesisItem Open Access Development of inclined plate metering device for manually operated onion bulb planter(JNKVV, 2015) Singh, Vijay; Nilatkar, D.K.ABSRTRACT India is the second largest producer of onion in the world next after China. Mechanization of farming is increasing day by day to produce yield of crop for gaining the profit. Mechanizination not only increases the production and productivity, but also reduces the labour cost and drudgery. As a result it produced more within the shortest possible period of time by using minimum manpower and improved cultural practices. This present study is related to the development of an inclined plate metering device for planting onion bulb for the seed purpose and this metering device is applicable to meter a small onion bulb usually less than an inch in diameter which is used for propagation. The main concept of design and development of onion bulb planter is metering device which is simple in their structure and easy to manufacture. In this study,three differentinclination angles of 500, 600 and 700evaluated for elevating error, cell fill and bulb damage at different peripheral speed and also evaluated the seed uniformity was describe by using the actual planting distance, mean plating distance, planting error and the quality of feed index at different travel speed under the laboratory and the precision in addition to the means and standard deviations of the sample method. The result indicated that the elevating error was minimum at the inclination angle of 500 is 2.27 % at the peripheral speed of 7.6 m/min and maximum 10.82 % at the peripheral speed of 45.59 as compare to 600 and 700i.e. 2.28 to 11.63 and 4.95 to 13.77% at different peripheral speeds (7.6 to 45.59 m/min) it also indicate the peripheral speed increased the elevating error is also increase.ThesisItem Open Access Drought assessment and characterization in Shipra river Basin of Madhya Pradesh(JNKVV, 2015) Baghel, Nidhi; Mishra, K.L.ABSTRACT Drought is defined as a water shortage caused by the imbalance between water supply and demand. The occurrence of drought leads to reduction in stream-flow, and consequent reduction in reservoir and tank levels and depletion of soil moisture and groundwater. Thus there is a need to develop suitable criteria for planning of water resource management in drought prone region. The present study is aimed to study hydrological and meterological aspects of drought in Shipra River basin as the recurrence of drought in these parts of the country in recent years have caused unprecedented economic losses and great suffering to the affected areas. The study is based on the analysis of rainfall and low flow using departure analysis, probability of exceedence and flow duration curve. The attempt has been made to quantify droughts using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for various time scales. The mean annual rainfall of Shipra basin is estimated as 931 mm. The analysis indicated that the year 1972, 2000 and 2001 were most severely affected drought years in the basin as most of the area of the basin was under drought and the runoff deficit years were 2001 and 2005 at Ujjain. Shipra basin experiences drought year after every 3-4 years and almost all the basin can be categorized as drought prone area. The hydrological drought may have significant impact on water availability as Shipra river experiences on an average 1 low flow situation every year ranging from 11 to 162 days. Drought severity in the basin has been quantified using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which indicate drought severity in multi time scales and classified the severity in to different events according to their magnitude. In Badnagar, Mahidpur and Dewas moderate dry to extreme dry events were commonly found so these stations require immediate attention for water resource planning and management. From other drought indices Standardized Precipitation Index is proved to be much easy and less complex index as it required only precipitation data.ThesisItem Open Access Planning and design of surface drainage system of jnkvv farm(JNKVV, 2015) Seetpal, Mukesh Kumar; Patel, R.K.ABSTRACT Most of the farms of JNKVV, suffered from water logging problem due to absence of adequate drainage system. The sustainability of farm operations was highly vulnerable due to fluctuations in rainfall. Thus, estimation of drainage design layout and identification of vulnerable area for water logging was most vital operation for achieving maximum yield of paddy in land. In this study, empirical formula’s used for estimating discharge of each plot. By using empirical formula’s for most economical trapezoidal section, sizes of field laterals, sub main and main drain were designed that provides assistance in making appropriate plan for removal of excess water from area. Main advantage of this research investigation to achieve an optimum level of soil moisture in the area so that yield of crops could be increased. The yield of paddy declined up to 70% in most of water logged plots of different farms. Yield of paddy variety MTU-1010 declined up to 65% in study area compared to normal yield. Yield of paddy variety IR-64 declined up to 69.42% in study area compared to normal yield. Yield of paddy variety Kranti reduced up to 69.39% from normal yield due to water logging. 24 hour rainfall for 5 years recurrence interval was estimated as 230mm. Soil of study area was mainly clay loam. Soil was collected from three different locations. Percentage of clay varied form 29.3-29.8%, Silt 31.1-33.5% and Sand 37.2- 39.1%. The elevation of the study area varies from 389.5 m to 397m. Mean infiltration rate of study area was found 0.55cm/hr. Weighted curve number estimated for non paddy area was 89 and for paddy area 95.Runoff calculated by HCS method for paddy area and non paddy area were 47.2 and 109.4mm respectively. Drainage coefficient for paddy area and non paddy area were estimated as 0.559 and 1.019. Average bulk density of study area was found 1.51 g/cc. Soil of study area was clay loam so slope of drainage channel kept 0.2% and side slope 1:1.5, permissible velocity was 0.9m/s and design of main, sub main and field laterals are designed for drain excess water from study area . Based on planning and designing surface drainage system, it was found that study area has slope on either side of the centre line of area, so area contributes runoff on both sides of centre line. Hence, two main drains comprising of six sub main contribute their discharge and all field laterals contribute to these six sub mains. The following conclusions were drawn based on the above study:- The yield of paddy affected by water logging on the study area more so these farm needed a proper designed surface drainage system. 90% area in kharif season was in under paddy crop. 3-D surface map shows impounding of water was taking place at many locations that created water logging condition in the study area and lower the yield of paddy. The soil of study area was clay loam and infiltration rate was also low in the area. Total area was not contributing excess water to one main drain; two main drains needed to remove excess water from study area. Six sub main drains were needed to remove excess water from the plots.ThesisItem Open Access System memory based rainfall-runoff models for the shakkar river watershed of narmada basin(JNKVV, 2015) Dwivedi, Neha; Pyasi, S.K.ABSTRACT The principle objective of this study was to develop and verify the system memory based runoff prediction models on sequential and integrated time scale basis as per the hypothesis, for Shakkar river watershed, comprising an area of 2223 sq. km, of the Narmada basin, M.P., India. The watershed has maximum and minimum elevations respectively 314 m and 1154 m above MSL (mean sea level). The average annual rainfall is about 1245 mm. The daily rainfall data was collected from Land Record Department, Collectorate, Narsinghpur and Land Record Department, Collectorate, Chhindwara for the years 1994 to 2014. The daily runoff data was collected from Central Water Commission, Narmada Division, Paryavas Bhawan, Bhopal. The runoff data were converted into millimeter before subjected to analysis. The dynamic models based on rainfall-runoff processes of a watershed fluvial system was developed in the present study on sequential and integrated (weekly) time scale basis. The qualitative performances of models were ascertained by estimating the values of absolute prediction error (APE), integral square error (ISE) and the coefficient of efficiency (CE). In the present study the permissible limits for APE, ISE and CE were taken respectively as 30%, 10% and 60%, that is the prediction should satisfy the criteria of the APE less than 30%, ISE less than 10% and CE more than 60%. The runoff prediction models developed on daily and weekly basis for the study area can be summarized as, Two types of memory based runoff prediction models viz., linear and non-linear were developed by using the daily data series of three consecutive years from 1994 to 1996 of active period (June to September) only. Both the models consider the present rainfall, antecedent precipitation index (API), antecedent runoff index (AQI) as input. The values of coefficient of multiple determination (R2) for the linear and non-linear models were found equal to 0.67 and 0.86 respectively, on the basis of R2 value and prediction performance, the non-linear memory based model was found considered more appropriate than the linear model for the study area. Memory based linear and non-linear weekly runoff prediction models were developed by using only active weeks’ (23rd-39th meteorological weeks) data series of three years, ranging from 1994-1996. The coefficients of multiple determination (R2) values were found equal to 0.86 and 0.96 respectively. The values of APE, ISE and CE for different year used for verification under study, reveals that the weekly non-linear runoff prediction model is better than the linear model. The following are the salient conclusions obtained from the present study, 1. The fluvial system of Shakkar river watershed exhibits a strong memory on both the sequential and integrated time scale basis, and only past three successive events were found to influence the present event. 2. The first event, immediately preceding the current event was found to have more impact on it, in comparison to other preceding event, and the weights determined for the three successive antecedent events affecting the current event were 44.84%, 32.13% and 23.03% respectively. 3. The non-linear memory based daily runoff prediction model was found more appropriate than the linear model for the Shakkar river watershed of Narmada basin on the basis of coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) and prediction performance. 4. The memory based weekly rainfall-runoff non-linear model was found more appropriate than the weekly linear model for prediction of daily runoff volume for the study area, the inclusion of variable NORW (number of rainy days in a week) was not found to show any significant impact on the value of coefficient of multiple determination (R2) and thereby on the performance of the model.ThesisItem Open Access Remote sensing and GIS approach for estimation of runoff of bamhani watershed(JNKVV, 2015) Bangar, Bhaginath Abhijeet; Sharma, S.K.