Loading...
Thesis
Browse
142 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access CLONING OF ENDOCHITINASE AND ENDOGLUCANASE GENES FROM NATIVE ISOLATES Trichoderma(University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2009-06) MANJUNATH SWAMY J. K.; Dr. SUMANGALA BHATEighty six Trichoderma isolates previously isolated and maintained in the Department of Biotechnology, were screened against Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum capsici through dual plate assay. Based on growth inhibition, they were grouped into efficient, moderate and poor isolates. Further, endochtinase (ech42) and endoglucanase (, 1-6 endoglucanase) genes were cloned from efficient, moderate and poor isolates of T. harzianum using specific primers. Differences were not observed in the amino acid sequences of ech42 cloned from efficient, moderate and poor isolates of same species (T. harzianum). However, ech42 cloned from most efficient isolates of T. virens showed differences at amino acid level in 15 positions compared to ech42 cloned from T. harzianum. Further, the , 1-6 glucanase gene cloned from efficient, moderate and poor isolates showed differences at amino acid level. The gene cloned from efficient (IABT 1041) T. harzianum isolates differed from other two cloned from moderate and poor isolates (IABT 1046 and IABT 1054) in 10 amino acid positions and the , 1-6 glucanase cloned from IABT 1046 and IABT 1054 differed at 2 amino acid positions. The cloned genes can be further subjected for expression and bioassay studies to know their utility in development of transgenic plants.ThesisItem Open Access Business efficiency in rice mills-A comparative analysis of conventional and modern rice mills in davanagere District(UAS, Dharwad, 2009) Shwetha.M.K.; S.B.MahajanshettiIndia ranks second in production of rice next only to China. Rice milling is the oldest and the largest agro-processing industry of the country. The present study had made an attempt to document investment pattern and financial feasibility, inventory management, processing and marketing management, cost and returns in both conventional and modern rice mills. Primary and secondary data were collected to evaluate the objectives of the study. Ineffective management on the part of the processors has led to the failure or poor performance of many rice milling units. Therefore the study focuses on the management aspects and its managerial lapses in order to evolve appropriate policies for improving the efficiency of the rice mills. Totally six rice mills in were selected in Davanagere district of Karnataka. Further, they were categorized into conventional rice milling units and modern rice milling units based on the technology adopted. The results showed that the total investment on modern rice mills was ten times higher (Rs.379.25 lakhs) as compared to conventional rice mills (Rs.36.97 lakhs). The Net Present Value for modern unit and conventional unit was Rs.408.35 and Rs.27.55, respectively. The capacity utilization was higher (68%) in modern units in comparison with conventional units (44%). The total returns obtained from both rice milling and poha making process were higher in modern rice units (Rs.1478) as compared to conventional units (Rs.1381). This showed that the modern rice mills were more efficient than the conventional rice mills. Procurement costs were lower when paddy was purchased directly from farmers instead of purchasing commission agents. Thus, mills would benefit from strong contractual arrangements with paddy growers.ThesisItem Open Access Genome-wide molecular mapping, introgression of stable QTLs and expressional quantitation of transcription factor genes in charcoal rot manifestation in sorghum bicolour (L) Moench(UAS, Dharwad, 2009) Ayyanagouda.M.Patil; B.FakrudinRecombinant inbred lines derived from the cross IS22380 (susceptible) and E36-1 (resistant) were characterized for the morphological and biochemical components of charcoal rot resistance and yield related traits at three locations over four rabi seasons revealed significant differences among RILs and GxE interactions. A significant association among relevant traits was noticed at phenotypic and genotypic level with high heritability estimates. A total of 141 polymorphic DNA markers (48/275 SSRs, 65/533 EST-SSRs, 28/410 RAPD) were genotyped to construct a genetic linkage map spanning 2905 cM and used for Composite Interval Mapping of QTLs. Stable QTLs were detected lodging percent (xtxp176– xtxp312 (CR1) number of internodes crossed by the fungus (xtxp297-xiabt273 (CR2) and length of infection (xtxp275-xtxp241(CR3): the additive effect at all these loci was contributed by E36-1. Two major QTLs of plant height and three QTLs of plant yield accounted for 38% and 41% phenotypic variance respectively. On LG-I, the genomic region flanked by xtxp274–xiabt29 harbored a common QTL. Three stable QTLs, CR1, CR2 and CR3 collectively contributing 43% of phenotypic variation were introgressed into M35-1 and SPV86 backgrounds: at BC1F1 with 2285 and 2033 marker and at BC2F1 5989 and 6002 marker points in M35-1 and SPV86 backgrounds were screened to identify progenies harboring all the three QTLs. Expressional quantitation of 185 transcription factor genes was done in charcoal rot challenged and control tissue of E36-1 and SPV86 genotypes at 75 DAS and 90 DAS where 142 genes up regulated in both genotypes while eight genes of five family viz., AP2 (PTSb00019.1, PTSb00022.1, PTSb00024.1 WRKY (PTSb00331.1), HMG (PTSb00179.1, PTSb00185.1) ARF (PTSb00033.1) and bHLH (PTSb00349.1) were up regulated in pathogen challenged tissues. Two genes of WRKY family (PTSb00328.1 and PTSb00331.1) were significantly up regulated in resistant genotype alone: these understandings would help in developing strategies for resistance breeding in sorghum.ThesisItem Open Access Exploitation micromus igorotus Banks and micromus timidus Hagen (Hemerobliidae: Neuroptera) in the management of aphids in cotton and tobacco(UAS, Dharwad, 2009) S.S.Navi; S.LingappaMicromus timidus accepted nine aphid species and a psyllid as host. Leaves, open bolls and cotton thread served as oviposition substrates. Full grown larva pupated in double layered cocoon in counseled places. Aphis gossypii and Melanaphis sacchari found to be most suitable hosts as growth, development reproductive traits and feeding potential were in favour. Egg to adult and egg to egg duration was shortest on A. craccivora followed by M. sacchari. Both larva and adult of M. timidus consumed higher number of A. gossypii and M. sacchari as most palatable food sources. Morphometry of mouth and body parts were also recorded. Rearing of Micromus igorotus on A. gossypii and C. lanigera for five generations did lower fecundity slightly but not other traits. Reduction in survivability of egg, larva and adult was evident. Micromus igorotus @ 1,000 adults/ha outperformed in reducing cotton aphid population. Five pairs of M. timidus adults/plant reduced the cotton aphid population. Five pairs of M. timidus adults/plant reduced the cotton aphid population effectively with higher predatory recovery. On tobacco, 20,000 to 25,000 M. igorotus adults/ha reduced aphid population and increased yield by 46.6 and 56.8 per cent. Release of five pairs of M. timidus adults/plant was also effective. Emamectin benzoate was highly toxic to all stages of M. igorotus and M. timidus and thiodicarb was least toxic to eggs and larva. Profenophos at recommended field concentration persisted at greater level to inflect above 90 per cent mortality to grubs up to 7 days and retained toxicity for 30 days. The order of persistent toxicity was profenophos>thiomethoxam >methomyl>imidacloprid>novaluron>thiodicarb>emamectinbenzoate>spinosad> indoxacarb. Micromus igorotus eggs were devoured by C. carnea grubs, C. sexmaculata grubs and adults and syrphid maggots under free choice in the presence of aphid. While, M. igorotus did not feed on any stage of these predators.ThesisItem Open Access Documentation of traditional convenience foods of north karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2009) Savita Ishwarappa; Bharati V.ChimmadDocumentation of traditional convenience foods of North Karnataka was conducted across hilly, transitional, coastal and dry zones (urban and rural) during 2008-09, methods, modification, seasonality and factors influencing of traditional convenience foods preparations were collected through personnel interview and participatory rural appraisal techniques from middle income families (240). Market survey of food shops of Dharwad was carried out to document the traditional convenience foods, purchase preference among different populations. Nutrient composition of selected traditional convenience foods available in Dharwad market was undertaken using Annapurna software. The study revealed that 162 traditional convenience foods (106 ready-to-eat and 56 ready-to-use) documented across the regions more among urbanites (134) compared to rural group (81). Cereal based foods dominated (60) the category (ready-to-eat 32, ready-to-use 28). It was observed that the traditional conveience foods actually prepared (rural 81 and urban 64) were less than the documented (rural 131, urban 134). It was evident that high school attended respondents, housewives not employed generally prepared more convenience foods. Family size, type and number of generations living together negatively influenced the preparation of traditional convenience foods. There were 70 traditional convenience foods in the market. Nutrient computation revealed that Shenga laddu provided highest calories (189 Kcal) coasted groundnut highest protein and foat (6.87 g and 13.35 g) ragi laddu highest calcium (89.35 mg) and rice flakes chivda highest iron contents (10.15 mg) per serving. Modifications interms of ingredients, methods of preparation were observed for sensory quality, convenience, economy and variety. Thus the study documented a vast range of traditional convenience foods across the different zone of North Karnataka. Some of which are available in the market. There is a scope for introducing various traditional convenience foods into the market for various reasons.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative Studies On the Performance Of Yellow and Black Colour Morphs Of Apis cerena indica F. At Sirsi, Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2009) Ningappa Banakar; S.T.PrabhuA. cerana population in Karnataka is composed of two distinct colour morphs: the yellow morph and the black morph. The two populations are called as ‘hill morph’ which are black in colour and restricted to higher elevations and seen in Western Ghats ecosystem, and the other as ‘plain morph’ which are yellow in colour and restricted to plain areas of lower elevation. The results of comparison study showed that the black hill morph and yellow morph performed on par with each other with respect to all parameters of foraging activities and brood rearing activities. There was no significant difference between both colour morphs when statistically analysed for number of outgoing bees, number of pollen gatherers and number of nectar gatherers activity. The brood rearing activity of both colour morphs was on par. Brood rearing parameters like pollen area and nectar area exhibited no significant difference between two colour morphs. The bee plants identified in Sirsi include Aporosa lindleyana, Ailanthus triphysa, Cocos nucifera, Careya arborea, Flacourtia Montana, Peltoforum ferrugenium, Sapindus emerginatus, Syzygium caryophyllaeum, Syzygium cumini, Tridax procumbens and Terminalia tomentosa among 77 tree species, 10 shrubs and herbs. There were 19 species of plants which served as only pollen sources. The number of plants identified as only nectar source was 30 tree species and 27 number of plants was identified as both nectar and pollen source. Majority of bee plants identified had the flowering period from January to May. Among the 10 shrubs and herbs 2 are nectar yielders and 8 species are both pollen and nectar yielders. On par performance of yellow colour morph with local black colour morph at Sirsi indicated that yellow colour morph can be successfully introduced to hill conditions in Western Ghat region of Uttara Kannada, where there are assured flora sources for pollen and nectar.ThesisItem Open Access Export competitiveness and direction of trade for Indian cashew: An econometric approach(UAS, Dharwad, 2009) P.S.Gireesh.; R.A.YeledhalliCashewnut occupies a prime place in the Indian economy, accounting for 16.95 per cent of the total area under plantation crops, which stood second position after coconut, and production of cashewnut accounts to 18.14 per cent of total production of selected plantation crops in India during 2007-08. The secondary data was collected on spot prices and volume of trade in exchanges from the official web site of Forward Market Commission (FMC), Mumbai and respective web sites of the National Level Commodity Exchanges in India. The growth of cashew kernel export between pre and post- liberalisation and overall periods in terms of quantity, value and unit value shows the increasing trend, but highest growth was observed in pre-liberalisation (12%) as well as overall periods (14.60%) in terms of value. This was mainly due to increase in unit value realization. The export earnings will be expected to increase to Rs. 3866.97 crores in 2008 and Rs. 7651.63 crores in 2015. The export projections using the Markov chain model put the revenue from cashew kernel exports at a modest level of Rs.1804.43 crores by 2008. The nominal protection coefficient was less than unity (0.98) indicating that cashew kernels was competitive for its export to other countries from India, while NPC of raw cashewnut imports by India from abroad (East and West African countries) was also less than unity (0.88) reveals that raw cashewnut was a efficient import substitute. USA, Australia and Netherlands were found to be highly loyal markets for Indian cashew kernel as indicated by the retention of their previous shares of cashew kernel exports from India by more than 70, 50 and 30 per cents, respectively. In case of cashew nut shell liquid, USA, Japan and Korea Rep. were found to be most loyal markets.ThesisItem Open Access Production and export competitiveness of jaggery in Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2009) K.C.Sandesh; Basavaraj BanakarKarnataka is the major sugarcane growing state, with an area of 3.04 lakh hectares and 182.67 lakh tonnes of production. More than 50% of the sugarcane produced is processed into sugar, in recent years the sugar industry is facing problems such as high stocks, financial crunch. This has resulted in delayed and low payments to the farmers. In such a situation, diversion of sugarcane to jaggery making is an alternative option. The study was undertaken in Mandya and Bagalkot district of Karnataka. Data was collected from 60 processors in Mandya and Mahalingapur market hinterland. The total cost of jaggery production per ton in Mandya was Rs.10001.57 of which, the raw material cost accounted for 72.76%. The return from jaggery production per ton was Rs.11125.30 with a net margin of Rs.890.12. Similarly, the total cost of jaggery production per ton in Mahalingapur was Rs. 10257.13 of which, the raw material cost accounted for 73.60%. The return from jaggery production per ton was Rs.11610.00 with a net margin of Rs.1140.52. In all the cases, the B:C ratio is found to be more than one which implies it is profitable to the investment in jaggery processing activities. The trends in the arrivals of jaggery over the years in both Mandya and Mahalingapur markets found to be negative. Similarly, seasonal indices in arrivals were indicated that in Mahalingapur market increased during April and reaches peak during September month (133.36) and fall in arrivals in October to February. In Mandya, the arrivals, increased during July and reaches peak during August month (202.80). Similarly, incase of prices in Mahalingapur, the prices were high from April and reached a peak during the month of October (117.04) and started decreasing. Incase of Mandya, the prices were started increasing from June and reached a peak during the month of October (113.78). The correlation coefficient between arrivals and prices of seasonal indices were found out to be 0.29 and 0.83 in Mahalingapur and Mandya markets respectively. Cyclical variation is arrivals and prices were analyzed. In case of arrivals in Mahalingapur and Mandya market, it can be observed that 2 years and 3 years cycles and for prices it is 5 years and 3 years cycles were observed respectively. The Nominal Protection Coefficient was found to be less than unity (0.57), which implies that jaggery is a good exportable product.ThesisItem Open Access Spatial and temporal behaviour of arrivals and prices of groundnut in Karnataka an econometric analysis(UAS, Dharwad, 2009) S.K.Chandrakala; B.K.NaikThe prices of most agricultural commodities are inherently susceptible to violent fluctuations, the economic consequences of which are dire. The fluctuating characteristic of agricultural prices leads to instability. Since prices enter directly in the decision- frame of farmers; both in production and marketing decisions, fluctuation or instability in prices is the greatest source of risk, next only to weather. The present study was devoted to an analysis of the temporal and spatial fluctuations in the arrivals and prices of Groundnut in five different markets of Karnataka viz, Challakere, Chitradurga, Bellary, Yadgir, and Davangere. Secondary data was utilized to fulfill the objectives. A multiplicative model of time series was used to analyze arrivals and prices for markets. Chitradurga and Yadgir markets showed increasing trend both in arrivals and prices. Whereas, Challakere, Bellary and Davangere markets showed a decreasing trend in arrivals and increasing trend in prices. Seasonal indices of arrivals and prices of groundnut in selected markets revealed that the arrivals were at its peak during October-December. The highest arrival index was noticed in Bellary market in the month of December (392.50). Whereas lowest arrival index was noticed in Davangere market in September month (2.43). The cyclical trend in selected markets showed that there were no constant period between cycles in both arrivals and prices. In long run, Challakere market showed highest coefficient of multiple determination (R²) value of 0.69. Whereas, lowest coefficient of multiple determination (R²) value of 0.05 was observed in Chitradurga market. ARIMA model was employed to forecast the prices of groundnut in selected markets. Among five markets, the price forecast model for Bellary market (2,1,1), (1,1,1) was found to be best models. There existed high market integration between the Davangere, Bellary and Challakere markets. Whereas, low integration was found between Chitradurga and Bellary markets.