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ThesisItem Open Access Physical and Psychological Wellbeing of Urban and Rural Elderly: Correlates and Intervention(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-01) Badami, Sumangala; Yenagi, Ganga V.The study was carried out on randomly selected 540 Rural and Urban male and female elderly from Dharwad Taluka under the age group of 60-74, 75-84 and 85 & above. Data was collected through exploratory and personal interview methods.The results revealed that, majority of the elderly had no health problems and very few of them reported severe health problems. Health status was significantly associated with age, gender, marital status and occupation in case of rural elderly. Majority of the 60-74 yrs age group Rural and Urban elderly had good health status (66.7%) and (78.9%). Significant and positive relationship was found between health status and functional abilities among the elderly. Involvement of rural and urban elderly in leisure time activities was significantly associated with gender and occupation. It had also positive and significant relationship with functional abilities. Majority of the sample were able to perform the daily activities independently. Age, gender, caste, locality, education, family type, family size, marital status, occupation, socio-economic status and overall adjustment had significant influence on levels of functioning such as physical, psycho-motor and sensory, socio emotional, cognitive and overall functional ability of the elderly. Urban elderly showed better functional abilities than their rural counterparts. Caste and marital status had significant influence on family members attitude towards their elderly in rural area. Majority of the elderly showed good adjustment in the areas like social, home, emotional and overall adjustment. Age, gender, locality, education, family type, family size, marital status, occupation, socio-economic status had significant influence on adjustment. On the basis of the results elderly with physical, psychological and adjustment problems, an intervention programme was delivered for 15 weeks with two sessions / week and each session was for two hours, in two villages of Dharwad Taluka on the experimental group with a designed educational training program. Intervention programme had significant and positive impact on the physical, psychological health status and adjustment pattern of the rural elderly.ThesisItem Open Access Life Skills and Social Networking Among Emerging Adults(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-01) Hundekar, Parwatemma; Yadav, V. S.The study on Life skills and social networking among emerging adults was conducted during the year 2015-16 with objective to identify the level of life skills and to assess how the social networking (SN) influencing life skills. The study comprised 1024 emerging adults with the age range of 18-30 years and data were collected through online and offline survey. Results revealed that the developed scale is standardized. On life skills, 81 to 88 per cent of emerging adults were highly dominant in decision making, effective communication and coping with stress. Correspondingly, 72% to 78% of emerging adults were more prone to self awareness, interpersonal relationship, creative thinking and empathy, Similarly 46% to 59% of emerging adults were predominant in problem solving, critical thinking and coping with emotion. On social networking, majority of the emerging adults had more online friends and round 98.5 percent of the respondents were possessed the mobile phone and they preferred mobile phones (97.0%) for communication and 100 per cent of them connect to the internet through mobiles. On an average, the respondents spent 2 hour 30 minutes in internet per week and 1 hour 7 minutes in social networking sites daily. Around 98 percent of the respondents were quoted the reasons for using SN is to make new friends and they were connecting and sharing their personal details only to those very close to them (79.1%). Around 87 per cent were to create the account with their original name to form their own identity in the online forum and they trusted the online because of immediate response (95.0%) as well use used privacy settings (73.6%) as safety measures. About 84 per cent experienced cyber bullying and perceived that the bullies did the bullying due to take revenge, fun and entertainment (87.0%) and felt frustrated (93.0%), hurt (83.4%) and scared (83.4%). Hence they countered the cyber bullying by discussing with their friends (92.0%). Social networking properties namely, activities do in the SN sites, alternatives using to maintain privacy, identity, trust and safety measures, types of cyber bullying the respondents experienced, their feelings and methods to counter the cyber bullying showed negative relationship with life skills such as problem solving, decision making, critical thinking, effective communication, interpersonal relationship, empathy, coping with emotions and stress. Social networking properties showed positive relationship with self awareness and there was no relationship between social networking properties and creative thinking skills.ThesisItem Open Access Moral Development of Children: Correlates and Intervention(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-08) Priya Kumari; Khadi, Pushpa B.Moral development of children (6 to 15 years) studied on a sample of 480 from Government and Private schools of Dharwad taluk, Karnataka and Kudra taluk, Bihar revealed that, higher proportion of children (6 to 12 years) from both regions fell in high level of moral values. A higher percentage of children of Dharwad (44%) and only 19 percent from Kudra were in very high category. Only six and thirteen percent from Dharwad and Kudra respectively fell in medium level. None of the children were in low and very low level. On moral judgment among 13 to 15 years, majority from both regions were in moderate level, while 13.9 and 16.7 percent of Dharwad and Kudra respectively were in high level. None of the children were in low level. As majority of high school children in comparison to primary school children of both regions were in moderate level and few were in high level of moral judgment, correlates of moral judgment viz., spiritual, emotional and general intelligence, parenting and family environment of 72 children of Dharwad was studied. Moral judgment was significantly and positively related to emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and parenting, but not with general intelligence. Few dimensions of family environment were significantly related with moral judgment. The intervention programme consisted of moral dilemmas, poems and stories facilitating character building and manners given in 20 sessions of 2 hours each with 5 session/week to 74 children in both regions. Intervention proved to be effective as the scores of moral judgment was significantly higher at post test, score on immanent justice, moral realism was significantly higher in Dharwad children while score on efficacy of severe punishment was higher in children of Kudra. There was also a shift from pre-conventional to conventional and post conventional stage of moral development among 58 percent of children.ThesisItem Open Access Couple Satisfaction and Stress of Young Married Couples in Rural and Urban Dharwad(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-08) Hiremath, Pratibha G.; Itagi, SunandaCouple satisfaction and stress of young married couples in rural and urban Dharwad studied on 120 couples who were randomly selected from 29 kalyan mantaps from urban and rural area. Couple satisfaction index developed by Funk and Rogge (2007), social readjustment rating scale by Holmez and Rahe (1967), marriage stress test by Oz (2010) and socio-economic status scale by Agarwal et al. (2005) along with self structured questionnaire were used for data collection. The study revealed that 68.3 per cent of rural couples had medium level of couple satisfaction while 25 per cent had high and 6.7 per cent were in low couple satisfaction. 78.3 per cent of urban couples had high level of couple satisfaction while 20 per cent medium and 1.7 per cent low couple satisfaction. In case of life event stress, it was noted that 78.3 per cent of rural couples had medium level of stress, while 11.7 per cent had low and 10 per cent had high level of stress. 68.3 per cent of urban couples had low level of life event stress while 26.7 per cent had medium and 5 per cent had high level of stress. 53.3 per cent of rural couples had low level of emotional and physical health stress and 46.7 per cent had high level. 78.3 per cent had low level and 21.7 per cent had high level of emotional and physical health stress among urban couples. However there was highly significant difference found between rural and urban couples with respect to couple satisfaction, life event stress and emotional and physical health stress. This study revealed that duration of marriage, economic status of the couples and number of children did not correlate with couple satisfaction. Husbands of rural area experiencing more stress than their wives. While it was not seen in case of urban group.ThesisItem Open Access DYSLEXIA IN HIGHER PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN: IDENTIFICATION, PREVALENCE AND EFFECT ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS(University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) HEERASHREE PATIL; Dr. MANJULA PATILIdentification of dyslexia in higher primary school children and its prevalence was conducted in four schools of Dharwad taluk. Out of 380 children studying in 5th, 6th and 7th standard 108 children were low in general intelligence who were screened by standard Raven’s progressive matrices. The rest 267 children were screened using junior (6.6–11.5 yrs)/senior (11.6–16.5 yrs) dyslexia tool which consists of 13 subtests viz, rapid naming, bead threading, one minute reading, postural stability, phonemic segmentation, rhymes (DST-J)/spoonerisms (DST-S), two minute spelling, backwards digit span, nonsense passage reading, one minute writing, verbal fluency, semantic fluency and non verbal reasoning. The behavioural problems of children were assessed using teacher report form of Achenbach’s child behavioural checklist (2001). Results revealed that about 66.66 per cent of children were at high risk of dyslexia, and 14.6 per cent of children fell under mild risk category. Further Bender Gestalt test was administered on a sub sample to check for cerebral dysfunction, among them 55 per cent children showed signs of poor motor coordination and poor memory indicating cerebral dysfunction. Further investigation is necessary to examine the environmental causes of risk of dyslexia. Gender and locality was significantly related with risk of dyslexia where in the male to female ratio of risk of dyslexia was 1.5:1. Mother’s education was significantly (r=0.183**) related with child’s risk of dyslexia indicating higher the education of mother higher was the risk of dyslexia, but socio economic status of the children was not related to the risk of dyslexia. The academic achievement of children was negatively associated with risk of dyslexia (r=-0.635**) indicating that children with risk of dyslexia had lower academic achievement. Risk of dyslexia was significantly related to the internalizing (r=0.240*) and externalizing (r=0.236*) behavioural problems of the children.ThesisItem Open Access EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN(University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) REKHA N. CHIKKANAGOUDAR; Dr. SARASWATI C. HUNSHALThe study was undertaken during 2014-2015 in Dharwad taluk of Karnataka. Emotional intelligence and family environment of high and low achievers was studied in a sample of 240 children in age of 12-15 years who were studying in 7th to 9th standards. These children were selected from two schools respectively from Dharwad city and rural areas of Dharwad taluk. From each standard five high and five low achieving students with a total of 120 from urban and 120 from rural areas were selected randomly for the study. The results revealed that higher proportion of urban children were in high level while rural children were in medium level of emotional intelligence. Significant association was observed between academic achievement and emotional intelligence of children wherein high proportion of high achievers had high level of emotional intelligence compared to their counterparts. Similarly, high achievers were found significantly better in all dimensions of emotional intelligence. Significant difference was observed in some of the dimension of family environment of high and low achievers viz. cohesion, expressiveness, acceptance and caring and organization. Further, family environment dimensions such as cohesion, expressiveness, acceptance and caring, active recreational orientation and organization dimension had significant influence on total emotional quotient of children. Age, gender, parent’s educational level, type of family, family income, family size and socioeconomic status of family had significant influence on emotional intelligence of children. Bar On Emotional Quotient Inventory (2000), Bhatia and Chadha Family Environment scale (1993) and Agarwal et al. (2005) Socio Economic Status tools were used to assess emotional intelligence, family environment and socio economic status respectively.ThesisItem Open Access EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND OCCUPATIONAL STRESS OF MEN AND WOMEN POLICE(University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) DANESHWARI ONKARI; Dr. SUNANDA K. ITAGIThe emotional intelligence and occupational stress of men and women police studied on 120 police constables who were randomly selected from 22 police stations of Dharwad taluk, revealed that 50 per cent had average level of emotional intelligence while 4.2 percent had high and 45.8 per cent were in low levels. Majority (56.67%) of women had average level of emotional intelligence while 41.67 per cent had low and only 1.67 were in high level where as majority (50%) of men had low level of emotional intelligence while 43.3 per cent were in average and 6.67 per cent had high level. It was noted that 58.33 per cent of police had moderate level of occupational stress while 35 per cent had high and only 6.67 per cent had low level. 60 per cent of men and 56.67 per cent of women had moderate level where as 33.3 per cent of men and 36.67 per cent of women were in high and only 10 per cent of men and 3.33 per cent of women were in low level. Occupational stress was significantly and positive related to duty period and distance from residence pointing out that higher the duty period and greater the distance from residence higher was the occupational stress. There was significant and negative relationship between family size and occupational stress indicating that increase in family size decreased the stress. Emotional intelligence and occupational stress were negatively related indicating higher the emotional intelligence lesser was the occupational stress. Emotional intelligence questionnaire by Dulewicz and Higgs, 2001, occupational stress scale by Srivastav and Sing, 1984, socio-economic status scale by Agarwal et al., 2005 and self structured questionnaire to collect auxiliary information were used for data collection.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY HABITS, APTITUDE AND VOCATIONAL INTEREST OF RESIDENTIAL AND NON-RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL CHILDREN(University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) MADHU ASHOK GARAG; Dr. LATA PUJARA study on “Study habits, aptitude and vocational interest of residential and non residential school children” was carried out during 2014-2015 in Dharwad taluk. A total sample comprised of 240 children of whom 120 were from residential school and 120 were from non-residential school. Study habits scale (Mathur, 2002), aptitude inventory (Bennet et al., 1993), vocational interest record (Kulshrestha, 2011) and socio economic status scale (Aggarwal et al., 2005) were used for data collection. The results revealed that majority of children had good (61.7%) and average (37.5%) study habits among residential and non-residential school. There was significant difference between ordinal position and study habits of residential and non-residential children. In case of aptitude, residential school children performed better in dimensions viz. numerical ability, sentences, scholastic aptitude, abstract, mechanical and verbal reasoning than non-residential school children. Gender wise comparison indicated that boys performed better in mechanical reasoning than girls. Ordinal position and family income had significant relationship with the numerical ability of aptitude whereas, socio-economic status, father’s education and occupation had significant relationship with the abstract reasoning, numerical ability and scholastic aptitude of children. With regard to vocational interest, majority of the residential and non-residential children had low level of vocational interest in all the areas of vocations. Higher the age of children better the choice of vocation among residential and non-residential children. Parent’s education, father’s occupation and family income had positive significant association with vocational interest of residential children. There was highly significant relationship between study habits and vocational interest of residential and non-residential children. Among residential children, study habit was positively and significantly correlated with aptitude areas viz. abstract reasoning, numerical ability and sentences. Among non-residential children, study habit was positively and significantly correlated with clerical speed and accuracy. There was positive and significant correlation between vocational interest and aptitude areas viz. verbal reasoning and scholastic aptitude.ThesisItem Open Access MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG RESIDENTIAL AND NON-RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL AGE GIRLS(University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) KRUTIKA CHANDA; DR. SUNANDA ITAGIKnowledge on menstrual hygiene of girls was assessed by drawing a sample of 60 each residential and non-residential school from rural and urban areas of Dharwad taluk. The results revealed that higher percentage of the girls from non-residential (63.33 %) as against 55 per cent of girls from residential school had high knowledge on menstrual hygiene, while 45 per cent of residential and 36.67 per cent of non-residential school girls had medium knowledge on menstrual hygiene. None of the girls had low knowledge. Higher percentage (65 %) of residential girls used sanitary pads and followed the right practices of disposal. However there were still some myths and taboos observed by the girls. On statistical analysis the association between knowledge on menstrual hygiene and type of school was significant SES was positively correlated with knowledge on menstrual hygiene only among girls of residential school indicating that higher the SES better was the knowledge on menstrual hygiene. But this trend was not observed in case of non-residential group which implies that adult played a role. Knowledge on menstrual hygiene was positive correlated with health status of girls among residential schools in rural area. All the girls from residential and non-residential school girls were aware of menarche before attainment, where in mother was the major informant. It is recommended that adolescent girls from lower SES and urban residential school need to be educated regarding menstrual hygiene to improve their health. The two residential and non-residential schools from rural and urban areas were selected randomly. A self- structured questionnaire tested for reliability and validity (0.97) was used to assess the knowledge and practices regarding menstrual hygiene. PGI Health Questionnaire, N-1 developed Verma et al. (2005) for assessing physical and mental health. WHO Classification (2007) for categorizing the BMI and Agarwal et al. (2005) Socio- Economic Scale were used.