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ThesisItem Open Access Rubber Economy in India- A Management Appraisal with Respect to Karnataka and Kerala States(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) Nithin K.N.; Mahajanashetti, S.B.ThesisItem Open Access Agribusiness in Karnataka – A Sectoral Analysis(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) Patil, Nethravathi Ashok; Yeledhalli, R.A.ThesisItem Open Access Market Competitiveness and Export Performance of Onion and Garlic From India - an Agribusiness Approach(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-01) Patil, Somanagouda I.; Kerur, N.M.ThesisItem Open Access Management of Pepper Economy in India - an Agribusiness Approach(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-07) Patted, Nataraj B.; Yeledhalli, R.A.Black pepper (Piper nigrum), the ‘king of spices’ has been an important agricultural commodity in India. It is mainly used as spice and its consumption is also known for health benefits. The study is an empirical investigation on growth in area, production, productivity, trends in prices, forecasting the prices and projection of exports. Kerala and Karnataka states have been selected for the study as they stand in first and second position among states growing black pepper. Primary data was collected from Kodagu and Hassan growers. The secondary data used for the study was from (2006-07 to 2015-16). Analytical techniques used for the study were growth rate, trend analysis, budgeting techniques, ARIMA, nominal protection coefficient, markow chain model and co integration technique. Negative growth rate was observed for area and production in India and Kerala while in Karnataka there was a positive growth rate with 11.98 per cent in area and 15.97 per cent in production. Spices Board is actively working on promotional activities in order to increase the area of black pepper in traditional and nontraditional areas. Financial feasibility of black pepper revealed NPV to be 8,21,018, B:C ratio 1.53 and payback period of 5.97 years . Increase in arrivals and prices of black pepper are observed in the major markets of Kerala and Karnataka. ARIMA expressed prices of black pepper are going to increase in the coming months. Export analysis signified United States of America is having much demand on Indian black pepper. Black pepper showed less than unity and found to be competitive in the International market. Kochi market prices are well integrated with the New York market prices. Research and extension efforts for cultivation of black pepper are to be initiated by Government for enhancing productivity by evolving high yielding varieties and diversified usage of black pepper.ThesisItem Open Access Temporal and Spatial Market Variations in Agricultural Commodities Across Major Markets in Karnataka(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Ndlovu, Charles C.; Naik, Balachandra K.Agriculture continues to play a critical role in India and getting agricultural markets right is still one of the priorities of the Government of India particularly in view of agricultural price fluctuations. As such the study was conducted to examine the temporal and spatial variations of prices and arrivals of agricultural commodities in Karnataka state. Nine agricultural commodities were purposively selected; paddy, maize, bengalgram, tur, groundnut, sunflower, cotton, potato and onion. Secondary data were collected from 45 Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees. The analytical techniques employed include descriptive statistics, trend analysis, VAR model, Nerlovian adjustment function, cointegration and ARIMA. The results indicated that prices of all selected commodities increased by 53.54 to 463.61 /q/annum. Annual increment in arrivals was higher, varying from 343 to 1,58,857 q/annum than annual decrement (80 to 20,999 q/annum). Moderate seasonal variation was observed in prices (78.32 to 120.33 %) compared to arrivals (76 to 550.84 %). There was significant association between current and lagged values of arrivals and prices. Positive correlation existed between current arrivals and current prices (r of 0.125 to 0.487) except for sunflower (r of -0.312). Lagged prices, current production and lagged arrivals were significant determinants of market arrivals. Short-run elasticities ranged from 0.155 to 0.705 while long-run elasticities ranged from 0.246 to 1.045. Pairwise cointegration revealed that some market pairs such Bengaluru and Malur markets were not integrated in case of potato. Majority of the markets were segmented as Granger causality was ascertained in 45 per cent of the market pairs. Vijayapura market led in formation and transmission of cotton prices. Speed of adjustment was slow across the markets, with majority of the markets adjusting less than 50 per cent within a month. The forecast prices indicated that upward and downward trends would be expected across the markets of all commodities.ThesisItem Open Access Value Chain Management in Major Fruit Crops in North Karnataka(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-02) Shwetha M. K.; Naik, Balachandra K.The focus of the present study was on value chain analysis of major fruits of North Karnataka. Based on highest area and production under the fruit crops and also based on the concentration of processing units, five major fruits i.e. mango, banana, sapota, grapes and pomegranates were selected. A total size of 440 value chain players and 74 different value addition units of these five fruits were selected using multistage random sampling method. Primary data were elicited for the agriculture year 2012-13 through personal interview method. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of the selected fruit crops were collected from Directorate of Horticulture and various published sources. For analyzing the data, tabular analysis, forecasting techniques like ARIMA model, growth rate analysis and Garrett ranking technique were used. Grading, cleaning, ripening, drying, storage, processing, packing, advertising and transportation were the different value addition processes which were found common in all the five fruit crops. The exploitation by wholesaler cum commission agents, retailers and other middlemen in the value chain and marketing of fruits was too much evident by the smaller portion of processor’s share in consumer rupee. So, processors can go for pre contract agreement with the farmers in order to avoid higher commission charges and higher processing costs which will increase the efficiency of value addition process in these fruits. Since, the cost of packing material was found the maximum; there is a need to think economically by using flexible packages like sachets, pouches, blisters, skin wraps aseptic, modified atmosphere packaging materials. Non-availability of infrastructure facilities like cold storage, grading and processing were the major factors contributing to lower returns to the processors from the value added products of these fruits. Therefore, suitable infrastructure facilities are essential to stabilize the returns of fruit value chain players by creating the form utility and increasing the storage life of the fruit.ThesisItem Open Access Priority Sector Financing by Public, Private and Co-Operative Banks in Karnataka –A Comparative Analysis(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-01) Kumar S.; Sonnad, J. S.Finance is the key element which almost all activities revolve around. A sound financial system is a symbol of sound economy. It performs the role of intermediary between savers and investors. Priority Sector Lending (PSL) is a scheme which is intended to give loans to the important priority sectors of the economy. For the present study, three districts Belagavi, Davanagere and Kalaburgi were selected. In order to analyze the data, tools such as Compound Growth Rate, ANNOVA, Markow Chain were employed. Priority sector financing in all the three districts from all the three different category of banks namely public, private and cooperative registered a positive growth in lending. In activity wise performance, ANNOVA analysis inferred that there was no relationship between the banks in lending towards different priority sectors. Through Markow Chain Analysis, it was observed that among the priority sectors, agriculture sector was given a prime importance which retained a major share in all the selected banks. Non-Performing Asset (NPA) Level indicated low growth rate for agriculture sector in Public sector, followed by Private and Cooperative sector banks. In case of short falls in priority sector lending, cooperative banks were the only banks which failed to achieve the targets in majority of all the sectors in all the three districts. In Public and Cooperative sector banks, the borrowers faced problem of cumbersome procedures in lending loans and delay in sanctioning of the loans. Bank officials were faced the problem of identification of right beneficiaries in all categories of banks in all the selected districts.ThesisItem Open Access Management of Sugar Factories in Karnataka – an Economic Analysis(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-06) Patil, Ganeshagouda I.; Mahajanashetti, S.B.Karnataka state is the fourth largest producer of sugarcane and third largest producer of sugar in the country acting as a major livelihood provider in rural areas. In recent years, Karnataka state witnessed considerable fluctuations in area and production of sugarcane, sugar output and sugar prices. Hence, present study was undertaken to understand the performance of sugar industry in Karnataka. The industry in the state was compared with that in other major sugar producing states. Further, the study investigated several dimensions of sugar factories in the state such as procurement, production and pricing of sugar and their financial strength and the problems faced by the factories and farmers to understand how sugar industry can be made more viable. Ten sugar factories were selected for the study with four each from private and co-operative and two from public sector. Farmers were also interviewed. The results indicated that Karnataka ranked first in capacity utilization, second in sugarcane yield and third in sugarcane area, number of sugar factories, crushing duration, sugar production and recovery percent. The analysis showed increasing trend in sugarcane price, sugarcane supplied to factories, sugar price and sugarcane production with growth rate of 8.39, 6.29, 5.48 and 2.10 percent respectively. For fixation of cane prices, all the factories took FRP as the base, while also considering sugar recovery percent, profits etc. With respect to procurement, production and financial management, all four private and two cooperative factories showed better progress compared to two below average co-operative and two public sector factories. Two major problems faced by the cane growers were unsatisfactory price paid by sugar factories and long waiting at the factory gate. The major problems of the factories were convincing the farmers for appropriate staggering planting of sugarcane, inadequate or excess cane supply and high cost of production of sugar.ThesisItem Open Access DYNAMICS OF COTTON MARKETING AND EXPORT- AN AGRIBUSINESS APPROACH(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2015-05) CHADACHAL, SHREEDEVI B.; KULKARNI, VILASCotton is an important agricultural commodity, heavily traded in more than 150 countries. The present investigation was conducted on export dynamics, economics of value addition and efficiency of each stake holder in value chain of cotton. The primary data were collected from cotton growers (120) and cotton processors (20) to analyze the economics of production, marketing and value chain of cotton from selected districts for the year 2014-15. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of different types of cotton were collected from Cotton Corporation of India and various published resources from the year 1994 to 2013. Co-integration, ARIMA, CAGR, NPC and Markov chain techniques were employed for the study. The results revealed that, the area, production and productivity of cotton in India were growing at the rate of 1.70, 7.53 and 5.72 per cents per annum respectively. The results of functional analysis indicated increasing returns to scale for cotton in both Haveri and Dharwad districts. The ginning, spinning, weaving and dyeing processes could add substantial amount ( 2,873.02/qtl) of value to the cotton. Hence, the cotton growers can take advantage by establishing processing units of their own on co-operative basis. The NPC technique indicated that among five destinations China was the most remunerative market for cotton export. Since cotton exports have significantly increased and exports of cotton could be encouraged by reducing government regulations on export quota allocations and by improving productivity in order to maintain India’s position in the world cotton exports. Transitional probability matrix inferred China was the most loyal importer although it is major producer which imports good quality medium and long staple cotton from India. Markov chain analysis indicated concentration of cotton exports to China and Pakistan which would increase the trade risk in the long run. Hence, there is need to diversify the geographical concentration.
