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Open Access
Effect of occupational stress on family relationship among police personnel of rural and urban areas of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Pooja Rani; Ahuja, Abha
Occupations are a part of everyday life and may even form a part of a person's existence. Occupational stresses have become predominant feature of modern life and it is common to each and every organization. The police organization is no exception to this rather policing is widely recognized as more stressful than any other occupation the nature of work, irregular duty hours and many more factors, which can trigger stress in police personnel. Stress may affect the personnel and professional life of police personnel. Therefore it was felt to study the occupational stress and its relationship with family. The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of occupational stress on police personnel family relation including marital satisfaction and family environment. The study was conducted in the state of Uttarakhand and two districts were selected for this purpose Udham Singh Nagar for urban sector and Pithoragarh for rural sector. From these districts two block were selected, Rudrapur from Udham Singh Nagar and Pithoragarh from Pithoragarh district. Total 140 Police personnel (70 from Rudrapur & 70 from Pithoragarh) were interviewed for this study. Independent variable selected for the study were age, family type, family size, year of job experience and no. of transfer, whereas dependent variable were occupational stress, family environment and marital satisfaction. The data were collected using structured questionnaire for background information, family environment and marital satisfaction and occupational stress index (OSS) by A.K. Srivastav & A.P. Singh (1984). The data obtained was analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t- test, and Chi-square test. The present study revealed that male police personnel had significantly high occupational stress than female police personnel and rural male police personnel had significantly high positive family environment than rural female police personnel whereas urban police personnel had no significant differences in family environment across their gender. Another observation was that male and female police personnel had no significant difference in marital satisfaction. As per the percentage basis, rural sector police personnel had moderate occupational stress, high family environment and high marital satisfaction than urban sector police personnel. Findings also revealed that family environment was not dependent on occupational stress whereas marital satisfaction was depended on occupational stress. The study showed that the police personnel from rural sector were having better family relationship than urban sector police personnel.
Open Access
A comparative study of educational aspirations & achievement motivation of visually impaired & sighted adolescents enrolled under inclusive & exclusive education
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-08) Joshi, Neha; Singh, Ritu
An individual receives impressions of the world through his sense organs. Senses are said to be the gateway to knowledge. More impressions reach the brain through the sense of sight than through all other senses combined. It has been thus, said that “eyes are the windows of the soul”. Thus, lack of sight makes the individual blind and aloof from the physical world. The present study was undertaken to assess the difference, if any, exists in the levels of educational aspirations and achievement motivation of visually impaired and sighted enrolled under inclusive and exclusive education in Uttarakhand. It has been realized that, there is a need to identify whether educational aspirations and motivation in inclusive and exclusive settings of visually impaired adolescent and sighted adolescent does make any differences. The sample for the present study comprised of four groups viz. a) visually impaired adolescents from exclusive educational settings b) visually impaired adolescents from inclusive educational settings c) Sighted adolescents from inclusive educational settings d) Sighted adolescents from exclusive educational settings .50 respondents were randomly selected under each group of sample from the identified locale so as to make a total sample of 200 respondents for the study. Educational aspiration and achievement motivation of the population under study was assessed by employing two tools viz. Level of Educational Aspiration Test (LEAT) developed by Dr. Yashmin Ghani Khan.(1999) and Achievement Motivation Scale (n-Ach) developed by Prof. Pratibha Deo and Dr. Asha Mohan(1985). The present study revealed that Education aspiration was found to be significantly higher in visually impaired adolescents of exclusive education as compared to visually impaired adolescents of inclusive education in all the domains of educational aspiration except reality of aspired goals. In sighted adolescents education aspiration was found to be significantly higher in inclusive education in family support and pupil’s view domain. However for the pupil’s effort and reality of aspired goals domains in sighted adolescents from exclusive education were found to be higher. Achievement motivation was found to be significantly higher in visually impaired adolescents of exclusive education as compared to visually impaired adolescents of inclusive education Socio –demographic and socioeconomic variables also influenced the levels of educational aspiration and achievement motivation. Significant difference was observed in terms of level of educational aspiration across gender in inclusive education of visually impaired adolescents and sighted adolescents of exclusive education, across birth order in inclusive and exclusive education of sighted adolescents, across number of siblings in inclusive and exclusive educational settings of visually impaired adolescents, across visual impairment in exclusive education, across visual impairment onset in inclusive education, across father’s and mother’s education in inclusive and exclusive education of visually impaired adolescents and sighted adolescents. No Significant difference was observed across family income and parent’s occupation. Significant difference was observed in terms of level of achievement motivation of visually impaired adolescents from inclusive education across number of siblings . Across father’s and mother’s education in inclusive and exclusive education of visually impaired adolescents and sighted adolescents, across father’s occupation of visually impaired adolescents under inclusive education, across family income visually impaired adolescents from exclusive education significant difference were found and no significant differences was observed in other variables under level of achievement motivation.
Open Access
Attitude of male college students toward online shopping of apparels and accessories
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Sharma, Ishika; Anita Rani
Technological developments and their adaptation in every field of life are visible all over the world. One such sphere where technology has taken up rampantly is retailing of apparels and accessories. E-retailing has been taken up more by the technology driven males in the society globally. GBPUAT, Pantnagar a premier agriculture university of India has a set of demographic conditions that has led residents involving students in hostel to pick up e-shopping practices. Online shopping holds a great potential for young generation who are the key shoppers and prefer to buy products through online. The study was, therefore, planned, to find out the prevalent practices of online buying of products, to study the factors affecting e-purchase of apparels and accessories among male consumers and to determine the attitude of male buyers towards e-shopping of apparel and accessories. The targeted respondents were the undergraduate and postgraduate students of nine hostels of GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The study was exploratory in nature involving survey through use of 2 set of questionnaires and an attitude scale. The data revealed that more than half of the respondents practiced online shopping. Flipkart was most visited site and they preferred cash-on delivery mode of payment for online purchases. Apparels and accessories was purchased by most of the respondents online and spent approximately in the range of ` 1001-3000 in a month. Most of the respondents were aware of all the aspects of online shopping of apparels and accessories namely, availability of apparels and accessories, their information on e-retails sites and purchase process offered by e-retail sites but their overall awareness level was moderate. Personal characteristics were the factor affecting most their practice of online shopping of apparels and accessories. Respondents followed all the steps required for online shopping of apparels and accessories and considered checking the options for delivery of product as one of the most important step since cash on delivery was preferred payment option. Overall the attitude of both the undergraduate and postgraduate students was positive or most favorable toward online shopping of apparels and accessories but their attitude for different aspects of online shopping were varied from each other. No relationship was found between age, religion, education level, field of specialization and residential background of the respondents and the attitude of respondents toward online shopping of apparels and accessories while the source of money for their monthly expenses had a significant relationship with the attitude of respondents toward online shopping of apparels and accessories.
Open Access
Designing and development of hand embroidered products using Aipan designs
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Verma, Himani; Gahlot, Manisha
Indian arts and crafts comprise of exquisite designs and patterns inspired from intricate designs made on monuments, temple architecture and sculptures. India’s rich heritage is preserved in its folk arts and crafts. Today there is a tremendous interest in the rich heritage of Indian folk tradition. Immense in its variety and range, this tradition reflects the amazing diversity of the people who have crated it. Our country is a popular travel attraction across the globe because of the magic of famous Indian arts and crafts, many fairs and festivals which display folk and tribal arts. Keeping this in mind the present study was undertaken with the aim of developing a product range using aipan designs for surface enrichment with intricate hand embroidery to be popularized as mementoes for tourists. The aipan designs were collected from secondary sources and adapted according to their suitability for hand embroidery technique. The adapted designs in the category of center, buti and border designs were evaluated by 10 respondents and designs with highest ranks were selected. Fifty line design patterns were prepared from circle, lines and stars designs and evaluated by 30 respondents and were used for the development of design arrangement using selected aipan designs for 10 planned handicraft products namely 5 fashion accessories (belt, wrist band, wallet, mobile pouch and hand bag) and 5 utility items (pen holder, book mark, photo frame, jewelley box and document file). Fifty design arrangements (5 for each product) were developed using selected aipan motifs and evaluated by 30 respondents and one design arrangement with highest weighted mean score was selected for each product for hand embroidery. Thereafter the fabrics were embroidered as per the selected design arrangement, stitched and finished appropriately. Finally products prepared with hand embroidery were visually assessed on four parameters i.e. aesthetic, innovation in design and production, quality and craftsmanship and performance parameters. All the products were widely accepted by the consumer as evident from high ratings obtained and most of the respondents stated that they would definitely purchase these products if available commercially in the market Thus hand embroidery technique can be used effectively for textile designing along with adapted aipan designs.
Open Access
Functioning of families with mentally challenged children: an exploratory study
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Ashneet Kaur; Singh, Ritu
Mental challenge is a bio-psychosocial problem. It is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, which is characterized by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence, i.e. cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities. To a parent, every child is special in his or her own way. But some children have special needs that challenge parents to find ways to best prepare these children for the future and to handle any problems that may surface. It often requires a reorientation and re-evaluation of family goals, responsibilities and relationships. The presence of a member with mental challenge irrevocably changes the family environment and affects family as a unit. Within the family system itself, subsystems such as; marital, parental, and sibling subsystems exist. Thus change in family environment affects the immediate relationships in family. It is a unique shared experience for families and can affect all aspects of family functioning The present study was undertaken to assess the family functioning of mentally challenged children, by exploring the sibling relationship, marital adjustment between couples as well as family environment of mentally challenged children. Mentally challenged children from the three RCI recognized institutes of Delhi (NIMH, Manovikas and CBS Memorial) were purposively selected. Total 150 mentally challenged children and their families were selected as respondents from these 3 special schools either through census method or lottery method. The self designed questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic (personal) & socio-economic (family) characteristics of children and their families. Sibling relationship was assessed by employing Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ) by Wyndol Furman and Duane Buhrmester, Marital adjustment between couples and Family environment of mentally challenged children were assessed using Dyadic Adjustment Scale by Spanier and Family Environment Scale by Rudolf H. Moos and Bernice S. Moos, respectively. The present study revealed sibling relationship, marital adjustment between couples and family environment of mentally challenged children was influenced by various socio-demographic (personal) variables and socio-economic (family) variables like gender, number of siblings, degree of mental challenge, parent’s education, father’s occupation, family type and family income. It was found that sibling relationship among mentally challenged children and mentally normal siblings varied across same sex dyads having highest warmth/closeness and relative status/power than opposite sex dyads. Families with severely mentally challenged children and two children including one mentally challenged child were found to have highest warmth/closeness and relative status/power and lowest conflict and rivalry. Higher the education of fathers and mothers, significantly more warmth/closeness and relative status/power and less conflict and rivalry was observed between their children. Middle income families and fathers who were in service were found to have highest warmth/closeness and relative status/power and lowest conflict and rivalry among mentally challenged and mentally normal siblings. Assessment of marital adjustment between parents revealed that parents who had mildly mentally challenged children, two children including one mentally challenged child and fathers who were involved in service were found to have higher consensus in decision making and affection; cohesion in activities and discussion and higher stability in their marital relations. Parents from middle income families and who had higher level of education (U.G./P.G.) showed higher marital adjustments on decision making, values, affection, stability, activities and discussion than those less educated. Assessment of family environment revealed that families with mildly challenged children had better cohesion, expressiveness, independence, achievement orientation, intellectual- cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, organization and control and lesser conflict and moral – religious emphasis. Middle income families and families who had two children including one mentally challenged child and parents with higher level of education (U.G./P.G.) were observed to have healthier family environment on cohesion, expressiveness, independence, achievement-orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation, active recreational orientation, organization and control and low conflict whereas moral religious emphasis was the same in above three families. Mentally challenged child’s gender and their birth position didn’t influence the family subsystems except for warmth/closeness and relative status/power in sibling relationship.
Open Access
Extraction and processing of Ficus glomerata fibres for production of nonwoven
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Aaditaa; Shahnaz Jahan
Uttarakhand is endowed with a unique and diverse range of biodiversity. There are several plants which are available in abundance and have not received commercial importance. Therefore this study is planned to identify locally available fiber giving plants and to extract fiber from these plants by using tank retting method. To improve commercial value of the fiber, standardized methods need to be developed for its processing and to enhance the aesthetic appeal, value addition of products may be helpful. It is assumed that the plant fibers have enough potential to meet the growing demands of environment conscious consumers and can prove to be viable in the upcoming years. Hence, this research aimed at identifying, extracting and bringing out the plant fiber and their utilization in development of material for textiles. Keeping in mind the above mentioned points the study is designed with the objectives to explore and select potential fibre yielding plants for extraction of fibres, to process extracted fibres and testing of its physico-chemical properties, to prepare non-woven fabric and testing of its physical properties. To check the utility of nonwoven various products were developed through value addition. The fibres from three different plants i.e. Ficus glomerata, Sterculia alata and Sterculia villosa were extracted by tank retting method and were scoured using sodium hydroxide. The extracted fibres were termed as untreated fibres and scoured fibres were termed as treated fibres. Visual examination of treated fibres was done and physical properties of untreated and treated fibres were tested. It was found that Ficus glomerata fibres had better visual and physical properties as compared to other plant fibres and therefore it was selected for further study. The Ficus glomerata fibres were extracted and scoured using sodium hydroxide. The variables of sodium hydroxide i.e. time and concentrations were optimized. It was found that suitable concentration and time duration for scouring with sodium hydroxide was 3 percent and 60 minutes. Physical and chemical properties of both untreated and treated Ficus glomerata fibres were tested and it was found that treated fibres had better physical and chemical properties due to removal of non cellulosic components from the untreated fibres. Nonwoven fabric was prepared from treated Ficus glomerata fibres by needle punching method. The properties of the nonwoven fabric was tested and it was found that the nonwoven was thick, stiff and light in weight they had low air permeability. The nonwoven made from these fibres can be used in agrotextiles for mulching. Biocomposites, floor coverings, handicrafts item and numerous home furnishing items can also be prepared by using Ficus glomerata nonwoven. Thus it can be concluded that Ficus glomerata fibres had potential to be used for the preparation of nonwoven fabric which can have numerous applications.
Open Access
Optimization of land and water resources in Nanakmatta Canal Command of Uttarakhand using fuzzy linear programming approach
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-08) Viveka Nand; Vinod Kumar
In India, total irrigated area is only one-third of total cropping area but produces about two-third of total agricultural production. In order to fulfil the future demand, it is necessary to increase the total irrigated area and also to increase the efficiency of irrigation systems.Performance evaluations of canal irrigation system are being carried out for different purposes to to assess the general health of the system and to improve system operation. Fuzzy Optimization techniques provide a powerful tool for analysis of problems that are formulated with multiple objectives. The Tarai region of the Uttarakhand state of India is endowed with plenty of water resources and large flat agricultural land and therefore, the optimal planning for land and water resources is necessary to check the misuse. Keeping above fact in view, the present study was taken up for Nanakmatta canal system of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand to study the existing cropping pattern and status of water resources in the command area,to study the existing performance of Nanakmatta canal system and to develop a multi-objective optimization model for optimal utilization of land and water resources in the canal command. The existing performance of the Nanakmatta canal system was evaluated in terms of the parameters namely adequacy, dependability, equity and efficiency. Based on the various performance indicators/parameters, estimated for Nanakmatta canal system, the adequacy and the efficiency of the Nanakmatta canal system was judged as poor whereas the overall equity of the system was judged as fair. The dependability i.e., reliability and timeliness of water supply in the canal system, was found good for all zones of the delivery system. The multi-objective fuzzy linear programming was used to optimize two objective functions namely the maximization of net return from the command and maximization of total cropped area. The fuzzified optimal plan, under normal rainfall conditions, resulted in annual return of Rs. 84.615 Million against net sown area of 1856.40 ha for optimized value λ=0.5855. A total of 101523.10 ha-cm of canal flow remained unutilized however the ground water was completely utilized with maximum use during month of October. The fuzzified optimal plan, under 50 percent probability rainfall, resulted in annual return of Rs. 75.981 million against net sown area of 1627.90 ha at optimized value of λ=0.5525. About 25 percent more canal water was consumed to cater the irrigation water demand as compared to that under normal rainfall conditions.More area could be brought under sowing through rescheduling of the canal water flows during higher water demanding months. This will not only increase the net return but also increase the net sown area in the command and reduced burden over the ground water draft.
Open Access
Behaviour of RCC buildings on hill slopes under seismic loads
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-05) Rawat, Sunil Singh; Sunil Kumar
Most of the hilly regions of India are highly seismic. A building on hill slope differs in different way from other buildings. Buildings situated in hilly areas are much more vulnerable to seismic environment. The various floors of such building steps back towards the hill slope and at the same time buildings may have setbacks also. Analysis of hill buildings is somewhat different than the buildings on levelled ground, since the column of such building rests at different levels on the slope. In present study, the analysis of G+3 and G+4 buildings on varying slope angles i.e. 00, 7.50, 150, 22.50 and 300 has been conducted. Both type of building configurations (step back and step back setback) has been considered. The seismic forces are considered as per IS: 1893‐2002. The buildings are considered in seismic zone IV and damping ratio 5%. Seismic analysis has been done using Linear Static, Linear Dynamic method. 3D analytical model of buildings have been generated and analyzed using structural analysis tool “STAAD.Pro 2007” to study the effect of varying height of columns in ground storey due to sloping ground. The response parameters base shear, top storey displacement, shear in bottom storey column, time period are critically analyzed to quantify the effects of various sloping ground. It is found that column on the higher side of slope i.e. short columns are subjected to large shear force than longer columns on lower side. The step back setback buildings performed better than step back buildings under earthquake forces. The base shear and top storey displacement in step back setback buildings is much lower than the setback buildings on the sloping ground.
Open Access
Groundwater studies in lower part of Ganga-Ramganga interbasin using co-active neuro fuzzy inference system and fuzzy logic
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Pradhan, Sucharita; Shiv Kumar
The present study was undertaken in lower part of Ganga-Ramganga interbasin to investigate groundwater behavior, to prepare groundwater inventory for the assessment of groundwater utilization development stage and to study the comparative performance of Co-active Neuro Fuzzy Inference System and Fuzzy Logic rule based model to predict the seasonal depth to water table. Four groundwater models were developed using net groundwater recharge, net groundwater discharge and previous water table depth as input parameters in which model 1 andmodel 2 were developed using seasonal data and model 3 and model 4 were developed using annual data as input for both pre-monsoon as well as post-monsoon seasons. Neuro Solution 5.0 software with 71 % of total data having two to four Gaussian membership function was used for identification of most efficient network among 5 different CANFIS structure whereas Fuzzy Logic Toolbox with MATLAB R2010a was used to develop Fuzzy Logic rule based models. During the study period of 23 years, two hydrograph stations were on rising water table trend; eight hydrograph stations were neither on rising nor falling water table trend and nineteen hydrograph stations were found to be on falling water table trend during both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The water table trend for rest hydrograph stations was not same during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Numbers of minor irrigation structures like private tube wells and pump sets on bore wells along with area irrigated by different minor irrigation structures were increasing at an alarming rate. The cropping pattern revealed an increasing trend of area under high water demanding crops like rice and wheat while area under all minor crops except vegetables were found to be decreasing. The groundwater inventory indicated that during the study period, out of 25 blocks of study area, 22 blocks transformed from lower category to higher category of groundwater utilization development stage. The values of performance indicator such as R2, MAD, RMSE, CVRE, CE, r, APE and PI were calculated to evaluate the performance of CANFIS and Fuzzy Logic rule based models. Based on the values of performance indicator for CANFIS models, model 3 with CANFIS-2 structure and model 4 with CANFIS-1 structure were selected for prediction of depth to water table of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons respectively. Further on the basis of values of performance indicator for Fuzzy Logic rule based models, model 3 and model 4 were selected for prediction of depth to water table of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons respectively. By comparing CANFIS and Fuzzy Logic models on qualitative and quantitative basis, Fuzzy Logic rule based models were found to be better than CANFIS models. It was also concluded that, even though the results of CANFIS models were not as accurate as that of Fuzzy Logic rule base models, still CANFIS models confirmed its potential to recognize the trend of depth to water table during the period of study.

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