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Open Access
Correlation between physical properties and fertility status in soils of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Vineet Kumar; Srivastava, Ajaya
An investigation was carried out to study the distribution of available macronutrients (N, P, K and S) and some micronutrient cations (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn), their relationship with some physical properties of soil and the evaluation of availability indices for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in soils of different blocks of district Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand).The soils of the district were found sufficient in Phosphorus, Potassium and Sulphur but low in available Nitrogen content and the soil samples were sufficient in micronutrient cations. Different methods of analysis of soil were employed, to know the best method among them, for availability of N, P, and K. Available Nitrogen was analyzed by Organic carbon and alkaline KMnO4-N methods, available Phosphorus by Olsen’s P, AB-DTPA P, Mehlich-1 P and Bray & Kurtz P and available Potassium by Ammonium acetate K, AB-DTPA K, Mehlich-1 K and Modified morgan K for the soil samples of district Udham Singh Nagar. Highest suitability was obtained with Alk. KMnO4 (R2 = 0.437), Olsen’s (R2 = 0.501) and AB-DTPA (R2 = 0.603) method for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, respectively. In general the macronutrients were correlated significantly and negatively with pH and positively with organic carbon and the DTPA-extractable micronutrient cations were positively and significantly correlated with organic carbon and clay content but negatively with pH of the soil. The values of the organic carbon, Alkaline KMnO4 extractable N, Olsen’s P and neutral normal Ammonium Acetate extractable K in the Udham Singh Nagar district ranged between 0.13-1.64 per cent, 125.44-338.68 kg N ha-1, 7.34-76.70 kg P ha-1 and 66.08-271.04 kg K ha-1, respectively and the values of DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in soil samples of the district were ranged from 12.42-54.06, 0.96-22.06, 0.26-3.79 and 0.59-5.04 ppm respectively. Findings from present study can successfully be utilized for the larger parts of Tarai region of Uttarakhand as effective guide for efficient and balanced fertilizer recommendations.
Open Access
Effect of soil fertility and fertilizer recommendations on performance of oats (Avena sativa L.) varieties
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Shikha; Singh, Sobaran
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil fertility and fertilizer recommendations on performance of oats (Avena sativaL.) vatieties during Rabi 2014-15 in a Aquic hapludoll at D7 block of Norman E. Borlogue Crop Research Centre of The G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (290 N latitude and 79029’ E longitude). The experiment was conducted in two phases , i.e. creation of fertility levels by applying graded doses of N, P and K and growing exhaust crop in the preceding crop season (Kharif 2014). In the second phase (Rabi 2014-15), main experiment was conducted in split split plot design. Taking three fertility levels i.e. low, medium and high in main plot. Three variety of oats i.e. kent, UPO 94 and UPO 212 in sub plot and three methods of fertilizer recommendations, i.e. GRD, STCR and STCR with INM in sub sub plot. Performance of oats was adjudged on the basis of growth parameter i.e. dry matter accumulation and height of the plant, yield parameter i.e. green forage and dry matter yield at 50% flowering stage by different varieties. Nutrient content, nutrient uptake and nutrient requirement to produce one quintal of green forage. The quality parameter in terms of protein content at 50% flowering stage. Soil sample were analyzed after harvest of crop for available N,P and K for working out effects of different soil fertility, variety and fertilizer recommendation approach on status of available nutrients. Soil analysis and yield data of exhaust crop sorghum indicate that fertility level in the experimental plot has been created. Green forage yield, dry matter yield, nutrient uptake , nutrient requirement and dry matter accumulation was highest in UPO 94 whereas nutrient content, plant height and protein content was maximum in variety UPO 212. Both the variety performed better in highest fertility level with STCR approaches. In post harvest soil samples significantly increase in organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium found at highest fertility levels. Therefore, screening of variety for different fertility levels is essential for maximum yield potential and sustaining soil for crop yield , quality and soil health for the future
Open Access
Status of some macro- and micro-nutrients in soils of Almora district of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Arya, Rajendra Prasad; Pachauri, S.P.
An investigation was carried out to study the available macro- and micro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, B and Mo) and some physico-chemical properties in surface (0-15 cm) soils of Almora district (Uttarakhand). In all, 291 soil samples were taken for the study. The content of available macro and micro-nutrients were also correlated with some soil properties. Soil texture of district varied from sandy loam to sandy clay loam, Soil pH (1: 2 soil water suspensions) ranged from 4.24 to 8.86, electrical conductivity ranged from 0.02 to 0.53 dSm-1 and organic carbon ranged from 2.63 to 28.37 g kg-1. In soils of the entire district available N ranged from (112.90 to 363.78 kg N ha-1), P (6.4 to 46.4 kg ha-1), K (53.8 to 571.2 kg ha-1), Ca (844 to 6244 mg kg-1), Mg (120 to 2640 mg kg-1), S (2.60 to 36.29 mg kg-1), Zn (0.10 to 20.70 mg kg-1), Cu (0.11 to 6.21 mg kg-1), Fe (1.93 to 127.02 mg kg-1), Mn (1.24 to 56.92 mg kg-1), B (0.12 to 1.11 mg kg-1) and Mo (0.02 to 0.36 mg kg-1). The relationships between soil properties and available macro and micro- nutrient revealed that in soilsof entire district, soil pH significantly and positively correlated with available P and Zn but significantly and negatively correlated with available Fe, Mn and B. Electrical conductivity (EC) significantly and positively correlated with available K, S and Ca but significantly and negatively correlated with available Mn. Organic carbon showed significant and positive correlation with available N, S, Ca, Zn, Fe and Cu but showed significant and negative correlation with available B. From this study, it may be concluded that soils of Almora district were having widely varying soil pH which ranged from very acidic to moderately alkaline in reaction, low to medium in salt concentration and high in organic carbon. Based on the calculated nutrient indices (N.I.), the soils of Almora were low in N and Mg, medium in B and high in rest other nutrients. Further, pot culture and field experiments need to be carried out in future to verify the deficiency of different nutrients besides verifying the validity of critical limits of important macro- and micro-nutrients.
Open Access
Characterization and evaluation of lentil rhizobial isolates from N-W Himalayas for nodulation and yield
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Kaphaliya, Rashmi; Pareek, Navneet
Open Access
Genetic variations in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes for nodulation by native soil rhizobia
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Bhandari, Geetanjali; Narendra Kumar
Open Access
Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil carbon storage and enzymatic activity under rice-wheat cropping system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-05) Sumit Kumar; Jai Paul
An ongoing long-term field experiment established in 1983 on beni silty clay loam soil at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of the Govind Ballaph Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand (India) was selected to study the long term effect of various rates of chemical fertilizers and fertilizer substitution with organic manures (farmyard manure, mung straw and wheat straw). Continuous application of fertilizers either alone or in combination with organic sources decreased the soil pH with lowest pH value of 7.01 in the treatments where 25% of recommended dose of N-fertilizers was substituted by mung straw. However, a reverse trend was obtained in case of EC of soil with maximum increase of 46% in treatment where integration of fertilizers and FYM was done in 50: 50 ratio. But no significant difference was observed in values of soil bulk density among different treatments upto 30 cm depth. Continuous cultivation of rice-wheat cropping system for 32 years could not sustain the initial level of N in all the treatments however level of soil phosphorus was increased in all the treatments over initial value with maximum increase of 48% in treatment where recommended dose of nitrogen was applied through both fertilizers and mung straw. The level of available potassium was decreased with sole application of fertilizers but increased slightly with integration of fertilizers with either FYM or mung straw. In both surface and sub-surface soil organic carbon content was increased significantly in treatments receiving either fertilizers alone or in combination with organic manures over control, however, none of the treatment was able to maintain initial soil organic carbon status. Integrated nutrient management raised organic carbon content to a higher level as compared to fertilizers alone. Similar trend was followed in soil organic carbon stock and total carbon. In surface soil highest values of soil organic carbon (1.19%), soil organic carbon stock (22.49 t ha-1) and total carbon (1.57%) were observed in treatments where 50% of N-fertilizer was substituted through mung straw. Active pool (Cfrac1 and Cfrac2) of soil organic carbon contributed more to total carbon in comparison to contribution of passive pool (Cfrac3 and Cfrac4). Application of inorganic fertilizers cause slight increase in carbon fractions but increase was higher when integrated nutrient management was done. In the surface soil Cfrac1, Cfrac2, Cfrac3, and Cfrac4 constituted about 32.4-37.3%, 15.7-16.4%, 6.9-8.2%, 17.0-22.3% respectively, of total carbon and about 27.8-32.0%, 14.2-15.9%, 3.9-7.2% and 17.3-21.7% respectively, of total carbon in the sub-surface soil. Maximum increase of 78.02% in urease activity was recorded in the treatment where 50% of recommended fertilizer dose substituted through green gram straw. Maximum increase of 84.0%, 76.38% and 130.27% in dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acidc phosphatase activity, respectively was recorded in the treatment where 50% of RDF was substituted through FYM. So, it can be concluded that farmyard manure and green gran straw were best organic sources with respect to soil fertility and can be used as substitute of chemical fertilizers.
Open Access
Effect of fungicides and nodulation, nitrogen fixation, rhizosphere microbial and yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Labanya, Rini; Narendra Kumar
Open Access
Effect of concentration and mode of application of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on germination, growth and zinc use efficiency by wheat and field pea
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Renu; Dwivedi, G.K.
Open Access
Response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculta (L).Walp) to varying water table conditions in tarai soil of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Tiwari, Rajnish Kumar; Kushwaha, H.S.
An experiment was conducted at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Center of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Latitude 290N, Longitude 79030’ E and Altitude 243.84 m above MSL) during summer season of 2016 to study the growth, development, root length and root length density and major nutrients leached with percolation water, yield and yield attributes, evapotranspiration, water requirement, water use efficiency and crop coefficients of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculta (L.) Walp)) cv. Pant Lobia-1 under three irrigation schedules viz. CPE 100, 150 and 200 mm, two irrigation methods viz. flood and sprinkler in lysimeters filled with silty clay loam soil and associated with 30±1.5, 60±1.5 and 90±1.5 cm water table depths during the season. The experiment was under three factorial RBD with eighteen irrigation treatment combinations. The analyzed data of the experiment has indicated that maximum plant height of 84.72 cm of Cowpea crop was obtained in lysimeters associated with 60±1.5 cm water table depth. However, maximum number of leaves per plant (62.5), and maximum number of branches per plant (8.16) were obtained in lysimeters in which 30±1.5 cm water table depth was maintained. Cowpea crop receiving 6 irrigations at CPE 100 gave maximum plant height (82.37 cm), number of leaves per plant (56.70) and number of branches per plant (7.28). Sprinkler method of irrigation gave better results of all growth and development parameters over flood method of irrigation. Number of grains per pod, number of pod per plant, length of pod and 100 seed weight were more under 60±1.5 cm water table depth. Root length (179.68 cm) and root length density (0.35 cm cm-3) were found to be maximum in lysimeters in which 60±1.5 cm water table depth was maintained. Results also indicated maximum grain yield of 1017.57 kg ha-1 of Cowpea in irrigation treatment in which irrigations were scheduled based on CPE 100 mm using sprinkler method and in lysimeters associated with 60±1.5 cm water table depth. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) of Cowpea (1.20 kg ha-1mm-1) in lysimeters was obtained as when irrigations were given based on CPE 100 mm under medium (60±1.5 cm) water table conditions. Results also showed remarkably higher grain yield and yield attributes in lysimeters, when crop was irrigated at CPE 100 mm receiving a total of 6 irrigations using sprinkler method of irrigation. Total water use varied from 705.81 to 1134.75 mm among various irrigation treatment combinations and water table depths. Crop coefficient (Kc) for cowpea crop as calculated from potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration measured from lysimeters ranged from 0.42 at one week after sowing to 0.83 at flowering stage during mid season and then declined to 0.48 as crop approached towards maturity. However, the average value of Kc was found to be 0.57 during the crop season. At the time of harvesting of crop, the minimum bulk density of lysimeter soil was 1.35 Mg m-3 and its maximum hydraulic conductivity of 17.84 cm day-1 was observed under shallow water table of 30±1.5 cm. After at harvesting time surplus amount of available N (254273 kg ha-1), P205 (15.04-17.47 kg ha-1) and K2O (169.71-198.61 kg ha-1) remained in the soil. Significant losses of nitrate-N (9.28-14.09 mg L-1), ammonical-N (2.80-3.95 mg L-1), P205 (1.15- 1.56 mg L-1) and K2O (1.43- 1.75 mg L-1) in drained water were observed due to variations in water table depth, irrigation schedules and methods of irrigation. Thus it can be concluded from this study that scheduling of irrigation to Cowpea crop under conditions of medium water table (60±1.5 cm) based on CPE 100 mm using sprinkler method of irrigation is most favorable technique for better yield and maximum WUE of Cowpea c.v. Pant Lobia-1 in tarai conditions of Uttarakhand. Cowpea crop can be taken as an additional crop during summer season for economic benefits. It is a need of the hour to produce more per drop of water due to scarcity of water due to drying of water resources and rainfall variability due to climate change.

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