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2015 - 20164
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Subject: Seed Science and Technology × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2015 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification of potential restorers and maintainers from elite lines, their molecular diversity assessment and effect of GA3 on seed yield and vigour in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Pandey, Geeta; Nautiyal, M.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on effect of system of rice intensification on the yield of CMS and restorer lines under the organic and inorganic management
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-01) Khan, Azad Hussain; Shukla, P.S.
    Water scarcity can be biggest problem in the future for cultivation of rice because of global warming for the production of 1kg rice 4000-5000 liters of water is required. Therefore it is essential to explore ways to produce more rice with less quantity of water .i.e. System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Application of continuous and maximum doses of NPK through chemical fertilizers does not ensure a corresponding increase in crop productivity in the long run. This practice of over exposing our soil with NPK is not sustainable as it leads to a rapid decline in soil health thereby resulting in multiple micro-nutrient deficiencies. Therefore organic farming is growing throughout the world as it can be ideal for sustainable crop production. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken at Breeder Seed Production Centre of GBPUA&T for two consecutive years with the five objective objectives. Field trial were conducted comprised of three sets male and female in the ratio of 2:8 with spacing 30 cm, 20 cm and 15 cm for male to male, male to female and female to female, respectively .Seed production plot was isolated through physical barrier using Sesbania rostrata. Rope pulling and GA3 application were adopted for promoting out crossing between the parents. Observation were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each replication for studied yield contributing characters which were found to be highest in fifteen days old seedlings in seed parent, pollen parent and check, followed by twenty days old seedlings and lowest was recorded in twenty five days old seedlings. The high yielding capability of younger seedling was accomplished due to significantly higher increase in number of panicles/hill, number of spikelet per panicle, seed setting percentage and higher out crossing result increase seed yield /m2 area. As for as management practices are concerned organic showed higher seed yield capability as compared to inorganic. Among the three CMS based hybrid highest yield was recorded in F1-3(UPRH 101AXUPRI 92-133) followed by F1-2(UPRI 92-17AXUPRI 93-87R) and lowest was recorded in F1-1 (UPRI 92-17AXUPRI 92-133R) in younger seedling as compared to older seedlings. Germination test was carried out only two cms based hybrids. Reduction in germination with increase in the storage period in both of the genotypes was observed. The highest vigour index, were found in case of fifteen days old seedlings in genotype 1 (PSD3) followed by genotype 2 (PSD1). The higher germination was recorded in organic management practices as compared to inorganic. The higher germination was recorded in case of polythene bag (700 guage) as compared to cotton bag irrespective of storage time. Therefore, the most suitable packing material found was polythene bags for storage. SSR markers were used to determine genetic purity of commercial hybrids. The RM 154, RM 206, RM 337, RM 263 and RM 1108 showed the true genetic purity of under hybrids. It can be concluded that SRI methods under organic produced more yield than SRI inorganic.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of storage conditions, treatments and threshing methods on seed quality parameters in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-01) Goswami, Ajay Puri; Vishunavat, Karuna
    Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is an important source of vegetable oil and plant protein. Soybean is an orthodox seed and it deteriorates rapidly under high RH and Temperature and causes various physiological and biochemical seed quality losses. To study the effect of storage conditions, treatments, and threshing methods on seed quality in soybean, a series of laboratory and field experiment were conducted in Department of Plant Pathology and at NEB Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Distt- U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand) in 2013 and 2014. Studies on natural aging of seed material, variety PS 1347 treated with following seed coating treatments: T0 (Control), T1 (Polymer coating diluted with 5 ml of water), T2 (Flowable thiram @2.4ml/kg), T3 (Polymer+Flowable thiram @2.4 ml/Kg seed), T4 (Vitavax 200 @2g/Kg seed), T5 (Polymer+Vitavax 200 @2g/Kg seed) and stored in cloth bag (C1) and polythene bag (C2) (700 gauge) at ambient conditions at different storage periods. Studies on accelerated aging consisted of four soybean varieties viz., PS 1347 (V1), PS 1042 (V2), PK 472 (V3) and PK 262 (V4) and aged for five aging periods viz., 1 days accelerated aging (T1), 2 days accelerated aging (T2), 3 days accelerated aging (T3), 4 days accelerated aging (T4) and 5 days accelerated aging (T5) and control (T0). In experiment on effect of threshing methods six soybean varieties viz., JS 335(V1), PS 1347(V2), PK 262(V3), PK 472(V4), PK 327(V5) and V6 (PK564) were used and two methods viz., hand threshing (T1) and stick beating (T2), used explored for their effect on seed quality parameters. Seed moisture content, abnormal seedlings, dead seeds, Aspergillus flavus infection, free fatty acids increase while percent germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and percent seed viability, percent oil content, percent protein and field emergence decreased rapidly as the period of storage increases, irrespective of storage containers. The increase or decrease in these parameters was at slower pace in seeds stored in polythene bag under ambient conditions. Among all storage treatments, T5 (Polymer+Vitavax 200@2g/Kg seed) followed by T2 (Flowable thiram (Royal flow 40SC)@2.4ml/Kg) and T4 (Vitavax 200@2g/Kg seed) were found highly effective during storage and maintained highest seed quality parameters over other seed treatments. During accelerated aging, in all four varieties viz., PS 1042, PS 1347, PK 262 and PK 472, electrical conductivity increased but percent germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I, vigour index-II decreased with an increase in accelerated aging periods. Out of all four varieties, variety PS 1042 performed better in respect to seed quality parameters and maintained germination above MSCS level even after 72 hours of accelerated aging. Variety PS 1042 performed better followed by PS 1347 during accelerated aging while PK 262 and PK472 performed poorly. Accelerated aging at 72 hours in variety PS 1347, exhibited the percent germination equal to six months of natural aging of seeds stored in cloth bag, while percent germination equals to ten months of natural aging of seeds, stored in polythene bag. Variety PS1347 and PK262 was found to have minimum seed quality losses when threshed with stick beating. Hand threshing in all the varieties used was remained superior over stick beating. The findings indicates that polythene bag (700 gauge) was found suitable for long term storage of soybean seeds as compared to cloth bag and treatments T5, T2 and T4 performed better during storage. Studies revealed that variety PS 1042 is a good storer, variety PS 1347 an intermediate storer and varieties PK262 and PK472 are poor storer. For stick beating variety PS1347 and PK262 showed maximum resistance and showed minimum seed quality losses.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic analysis and effect of seed quality on yield and its attributes in single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-08) Negi, Manisha; Baskheti, D.S.
    The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2014 at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar under optimum (53,333 plants/ha) and high planting density (86,666 plants/ha) with the main objectives to determine combining ability, magnitude and direction of heterosis in Fl hybrid combinations, heritability, expected genetic advance and coefficient of variation with evaluation of effect of seed size on seed quality and performance of single cross maize hybrids seeds for germination and vigour traits under water stress to identify promising single cross maize hybrids. The experimental material was consisted of 9 inbred lines and 5 broad based testers and crossed in a line × tester fashion. All the 45 single cross hybrids with 14 parents were evaluated with two checks, Indra 17 and Rasi4214, in randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance revealed that these genotypes differed significantly for all the characters studied under field conditions and as well as under laboratory conditions, indicating the presence of sufficient amount of variability among them. Mean performance of parents and hybrids in optimum (E1) and high plant population density (E2) environments revealed that days to 50 per cent tasseling, days to 50 per cent silking, anthesis-silking interval, number of nodes at first ear emerged, 100 kernel weight and grain yield increased with increase in plant population density. Analysis of variance for line × tester for both environments, pooled analysis of variance over environments for combining ability, line × environment and (line × tester) × environment interaction, variances due to GCA and SCA indicated that variance due to lines and line × tester interaction were significant for all the characters studied. The magnitude of SCA variance was greater than GCA variance for all the characters in all the environments showing preponderance of non-additive variance and suitability of material for hybrid breeding. The GCA effects of the parents indicated that parental lines L1, L4, L8, L9 and testers T2 and T3 in optimum plant population density; lines, L1, L2, L4, L8 and L9 and testers T1, T3 and T4 in high plant population density and lines L2, L4, L8 and L9 and tester T1 in pooled environment were the best combiners. Hybrids L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-BB- B × CM 211), L7 × T1 (Tarun  83-1-3-2-1-3-2-1× CM-129) , L3 × T5 (Pop 31  23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 #  2-2 to 6# × CM 211) and L9 × T2 (Pop 31 18-2-1-1-1-1-3-1 to 6#  1-1 to 5 × CM 211) in optimum plant population density, L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L3 × T5 (Pop 31  23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 #  2-2 to 6# × CM 211)and L8 × T1(POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129) in high plant population density and L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129) and L6 × T1 (POB-45-C8 -86-1-3-7-4-2--1--1-A × CM-129) in pooled environment showed higher SCA effects for grain yield and its contributing traits. In case of heterosis, high per cent of heterobeltiosis ,relative heterosis and standard heterosis in optimum and high plant population density and also pooled over environments were observed in crosses, L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129), L9 × T1 (Pop 31 18-2-1-1-1-1-3-1 to 6#  1-1 to 5 × CM-129) and L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211) for grain yield. Superior hybrids selected based on per se performance, heterosis and SCA effects were, L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L1 × T4 (YHPA  85-4-3-2-3-3-1-1-1--1-12 × V 357) and L3 × T5 (Pop 31  23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 #  2-2 to 6# × CM 211) in optimum plant population (E1); L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129) and L6 × T1 (POB-45-C8 -86-1-3-7-4-2--1--1-A × CM-129) in high plant population (E2) and L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211),, L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129), L8 × T3 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM 137) and L3 × T5 (Pop 31  23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 #  2-2 to 6# × CM 211) in pooled environment were selected as superior hybrids. A high estimate of heritability was observed for all the studied traits under both environments. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was estimated higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters in the similar direction. Maximum GCV and PCV were estimated for grain yield followed by anthesis-silking interval and 100 kernel weight in all the environments. Seed vigour evaluation of hybrids based on seed size revealed that large size seeds of hybrid, L4 × T4 (YHP-B45-1-2-3-1-6-2-4  4 × V 357)showed maximum standard germination per cent, shoot length, root length, seedling length, vigour index I and mean daily germination and L1 × T2 (YHPA  85-4-3-2-3-3-1-1-1--1-12 × CML-421) showed maximum value for fresh weight, relative growth index, mean germination time, germination index and coefficient of germination, which indicated that medium size seeds are vigourous than large and small seeds in maize. Analysis of variance for different sources of variation revealed significant influence of different concentration of PEG on different seed quality traits. The results of experiment for seed quality evaluation under water stress condition revealed that hybrids, L4 × T4 (YHP-B 45-1-2-3-1-6-2-4  4 × V 357), L4 × T2(YHP-B 45-1-2-3-1-6-2-4  4 × CML-421), L8 × T3 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM 137) and L2 × T4 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × V 357) will perform better under water stress conditions for all the studied seed quality parameters.