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Open Access
Identification of potential restorers and maintainers from elite lines, their molecular diversity assessment and effect of GA3 on seed yield and vigour in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Pandey, Geeta; Nautiyal, M.K.
Open Access
Studies on effect of system of rice intensification on the yield of CMS and restorer lines under the organic and inorganic management
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-01) Khan, Azad Hussain; Shukla, P.S.
Water scarcity can be biggest problem in the future for cultivation of rice because of global warming for the production of 1kg rice 4000-5000 liters of water is required. Therefore it is essential to explore ways to produce more rice with less quantity of water .i.e. System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Application of continuous and maximum doses of NPK through chemical fertilizers does not ensure a corresponding increase in crop productivity in the long run. This practice of over exposing our soil with NPK is not sustainable as it leads to a rapid decline in soil health thereby resulting in multiple micro-nutrient deficiencies. Therefore organic farming is growing throughout the world as it can be ideal for sustainable crop production. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken at Breeder Seed Production Centre of GBPUA&T for two consecutive years with the five objective objectives. Field trial were conducted comprised of three sets male and female in the ratio of 2:8 with spacing 30 cm, 20 cm and 15 cm for male to male, male to female and female to female, respectively .Seed production plot was isolated through physical barrier using Sesbania rostrata. Rope pulling and GA3 application were adopted for promoting out crossing between the parents. Observation were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each replication for studied yield contributing characters which were found to be highest in fifteen days old seedlings in seed parent, pollen parent and check, followed by twenty days old seedlings and lowest was recorded in twenty five days old seedlings. The high yielding capability of younger seedling was accomplished due to significantly higher increase in number of panicles/hill, number of spikelet per panicle, seed setting percentage and higher out crossing result increase seed yield /m2 area. As for as management practices are concerned organic showed higher seed yield capability as compared to inorganic. Among the three CMS based hybrid highest yield was recorded in F1-3(UPRH 101AXUPRI 92-133) followed by F1-2(UPRI 92-17AXUPRI 93-87R) and lowest was recorded in F1-1 (UPRI 92-17AXUPRI 92-133R) in younger seedling as compared to older seedlings. Germination test was carried out only two cms based hybrids. Reduction in germination with increase in the storage period in both of the genotypes was observed. The highest vigour index, were found in case of fifteen days old seedlings in genotype 1 (PSD3) followed by genotype 2 (PSD1). The higher germination was recorded in organic management practices as compared to inorganic. The higher germination was recorded in case of polythene bag (700 guage) as compared to cotton bag irrespective of storage time. Therefore, the most suitable packing material found was polythene bags for storage. SSR markers were used to determine genetic purity of commercial hybrids. The RM 154, RM 206, RM 337, RM 263 and RM 1108 showed the true genetic purity of under hybrids. It can be concluded that SRI methods under organic produced more yield than SRI inorganic.
Open Access
Effect of storage conditions, treatments and threshing methods on seed quality parameters in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-01) Goswami, Ajay Puri; Vishunavat, Karuna
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is an important source of vegetable oil and plant protein. Soybean is an orthodox seed and it deteriorates rapidly under high RH and Temperature and causes various physiological and biochemical seed quality losses. To study the effect of storage conditions, treatments, and threshing methods on seed quality in soybean, a series of laboratory and field experiment were conducted in Department of Plant Pathology and at NEB Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Distt- U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand) in 2013 and 2014. Studies on natural aging of seed material, variety PS 1347 treated with following seed coating treatments: T0 (Control), T1 (Polymer coating diluted with 5 ml of water), T2 (Flowable thiram @2.4ml/kg), T3 (Polymer+Flowable thiram @2.4 ml/Kg seed), T4 (Vitavax 200 @2g/Kg seed), T5 (Polymer+Vitavax 200 @2g/Kg seed) and stored in cloth bag (C1) and polythene bag (C2) (700 gauge) at ambient conditions at different storage periods. Studies on accelerated aging consisted of four soybean varieties viz., PS 1347 (V1), PS 1042 (V2), PK 472 (V3) and PK 262 (V4) and aged for five aging periods viz., 1 days accelerated aging (T1), 2 days accelerated aging (T2), 3 days accelerated aging (T3), 4 days accelerated aging (T4) and 5 days accelerated aging (T5) and control (T0). In experiment on effect of threshing methods six soybean varieties viz., JS 335(V1), PS 1347(V2), PK 262(V3), PK 472(V4), PK 327(V5) and V6 (PK564) were used and two methods viz., hand threshing (T1) and stick beating (T2), used explored for their effect on seed quality parameters. Seed moisture content, abnormal seedlings, dead seeds, Aspergillus flavus infection, free fatty acids increase while percent germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II and percent seed viability, percent oil content, percent protein and field emergence decreased rapidly as the period of storage increases, irrespective of storage containers. The increase or decrease in these parameters was at slower pace in seeds stored in polythene bag under ambient conditions. Among all storage treatments, T5 (Polymer+Vitavax 200@2g/Kg seed) followed by T2 (Flowable thiram (Royal flow 40SC)@2.4ml/Kg) and T4 (Vitavax 200@2g/Kg seed) were found highly effective during storage and maintained highest seed quality parameters over other seed treatments. During accelerated aging, in all four varieties viz., PS 1042, PS 1347, PK 262 and PK 472, electrical conductivity increased but percent germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I, vigour index-II decreased with an increase in accelerated aging periods. Out of all four varieties, variety PS 1042 performed better in respect to seed quality parameters and maintained germination above MSCS level even after 72 hours of accelerated aging. Variety PS 1042 performed better followed by PS 1347 during accelerated aging while PK 262 and PK472 performed poorly. Accelerated aging at 72 hours in variety PS 1347, exhibited the percent germination equal to six months of natural aging of seeds stored in cloth bag, while percent germination equals to ten months of natural aging of seeds, stored in polythene bag. Variety PS1347 and PK262 was found to have minimum seed quality losses when threshed with stick beating. Hand threshing in all the varieties used was remained superior over stick beating. The findings indicates that polythene bag (700 gauge) was found suitable for long term storage of soybean seeds as compared to cloth bag and treatments T5, T2 and T4 performed better during storage. Studies revealed that variety PS 1042 is a good storer, variety PS 1347 an intermediate storer and varieties PK262 and PK472 are poor storer. For stick beating variety PS1347 and PK262 showed maximum resistance and showed minimum seed quality losses.
Open Access
Genetic divergence, character association and seed vigour testing in jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-08) Joshi, Vipin Chandra; Nautiyal, M.K.
The present study was initiated in the year 2005 under the project National Network on Integrated Development of Jatropha and the present study carried out during the year 2011-14. The genotypes were planted in Randomized block design (RBD) with three replication at Medicinal Plant Research and Development centre (MRDC) of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. the observations were recorded on seed yield plant-1 (kg), seed yield hactare-1(kg), plant height (cm), collar diameter (cm), days to flower initiation, total number of branches plant-1, seed index (g), to study the genetic divergence among the different Jatropha genotypes. among them five superior genotypes are studied for seed vigour testing in same year side by side under lab and field conditions by applying different days of accelerated ageing treatments, the experiment was laid out in factorial CRD with three replication. After accelerated ageing the seed quality parameters of Jatropha genotypes under lab conditions were recorded. The seed aged from different treatments of each variety were subjected to field experiment for evaluating plant growth, seed yield and its contributing characters. The analysis of variance revealed that there was significant differences among all the forty six genotypes for all the characters except seed index in 2011-12, thee pooled data over two years showed highly significant differences in treatment x years and treatments for all the traits. IGAU- Raipur showed maximum seed yield hactare-1, & seed yield plant-1, collar diameter & seed index followed by IGAU- Bilaspur. A close study of PCV, GCV & ECV indicated high amount of variability for seed yield plant-1, seed yield hactare-1, & days to flower initiation where as collar diameter, total number of branches plant-1, and seed index showed moderate amount of variability high heritability accounted for seed yield plant-1, seed yield hactare-1(kg), collar diameter (cm), days to flower initiation, total number of branches plant-1, indicating less contribution of environment. Moderate heritability estimates was found for plant height as well as phenotypic correlation with seed yield hectare-1, collar diameter, number of branches plant-1. D2 analysis of the pooled data over two years represents all the forty six genotypes are grouped in eight clusters. Out of eight clusters highest no of genotypes are found in cluster-II. The maximum intra cluster distance (57.86), was exhibited by cluster-II indicating scope of selection. The maximum inter cluster distance (318.54) between cluster I & VIII, indicating wide genetic diversity between the genotypes. In seed vigour testing under laboratory conditions every treatment had significant negative influence over un aged control in all the parameters. Out of five ageing treatments 144h, ageing period showed greater effect of ageing followed by 120, 96, 72,48h, ageing respectively. The genotype IGAU- Raipur had more capable to maintain seed vigour after all ageing and considered vigorous and good storer under ambient conditions. Whereas Pant-J03103, TNMC-3, demonstrate as poor vigour and storability. In field experiment the results correlated with laboratory experiments.
Open Access
Genetic analysis and effect of seed quality on yield and its attributes in single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-08) Negi, Manisha; Baskheti, D.S.
The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2014 at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar under optimum (53,333 plants/ha) and high planting density (86,666 plants/ha) with the main objectives to determine combining ability, magnitude and direction of heterosis in Fl hybrid combinations, heritability, expected genetic advance and coefficient of variation with evaluation of effect of seed size on seed quality and performance of single cross maize hybrids seeds for germination and vigour traits under water stress to identify promising single cross maize hybrids. The experimental material was consisted of 9 inbred lines and 5 broad based testers and crossed in a line × tester fashion. All the 45 single cross hybrids with 14 parents were evaluated with two checks, Indra 17 and Rasi4214, in randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance revealed that these genotypes differed significantly for all the characters studied under field conditions and as well as under laboratory conditions, indicating the presence of sufficient amount of variability among them. Mean performance of parents and hybrids in optimum (E1) and high plant population density (E2) environments revealed that days to 50 per cent tasseling, days to 50 per cent silking, anthesis-silking interval, number of nodes at first ear emerged, 100 kernel weight and grain yield increased with increase in plant population density. Analysis of variance for line × tester for both environments, pooled analysis of variance over environments for combining ability, line × environment and (line × tester) × environment interaction, variances due to GCA and SCA indicated that variance due to lines and line × tester interaction were significant for all the characters studied. The magnitude of SCA variance was greater than GCA variance for all the characters in all the environments showing preponderance of non-additive variance and suitability of material for hybrid breeding. The GCA effects of the parents indicated that parental lines L1, L4, L8, L9 and testers T2 and T3 in optimum plant population density; lines, L1, L2, L4, L8 and L9 and testers T1, T3 and T4 in high plant population density and lines L2, L4, L8 and L9 and tester T1 in pooled environment were the best combiners. Hybrids L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-BB- B × CM 211), L7 × T1 (Tarun  83-1-3-2-1-3-2-1× CM-129) , L3 × T5 (Pop 31  23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 #  2-2 to 6# × CM 211) and L9 × T2 (Pop 31 18-2-1-1-1-1-3-1 to 6#  1-1 to 5 × CM 211) in optimum plant population density, L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L3 × T5 (Pop 31  23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 #  2-2 to 6# × CM 211)and L8 × T1(POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129) in high plant population density and L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129) and L6 × T1 (POB-45-C8 -86-1-3-7-4-2--1--1-A × CM-129) in pooled environment showed higher SCA effects for grain yield and its contributing traits. In case of heterosis, high per cent of heterobeltiosis ,relative heterosis and standard heterosis in optimum and high plant population density and also pooled over environments were observed in crosses, L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129), L9 × T1 (Pop 31 18-2-1-1-1-1-3-1 to 6#  1-1 to 5 × CM-129) and L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211) for grain yield. Superior hybrids selected based on per se performance, heterosis and SCA effects were, L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L1 × T4 (YHPA  85-4-3-2-3-3-1-1-1--1-12 × V 357) and L3 × T5 (Pop 31  23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 #  2-2 to 6# × CM 211) in optimum plant population (E1); L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211), L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129) and L6 × T1 (POB-45-C8 -86-1-3-7-4-2--1--1-A × CM-129) in high plant population (E2) and L2 × T5 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × CM 211),, L8 × T1 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM-129), L8 × T3 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM 137) and L3 × T5 (Pop 31  23-1-1-1-1-2-1/2 #  2-2 to 6# × CM 211) in pooled environment were selected as superior hybrids. A high estimate of heritability was observed for all the studied traits under both environments. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was estimated higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters in the similar direction. Maximum GCV and PCV were estimated for grain yield followed by anthesis-silking interval and 100 kernel weight in all the environments. Seed vigour evaluation of hybrids based on seed size revealed that large size seeds of hybrid, L4 × T4 (YHP-B45-1-2-3-1-6-2-4  4 × V 357)showed maximum standard germination per cent, shoot length, root length, seedling length, vigour index I and mean daily germination and L1 × T2 (YHPA  85-4-3-2-3-3-1-1-1--1-12 × CML-421) showed maximum value for fresh weight, relative growth index, mean germination time, germination index and coefficient of germination, which indicated that medium size seeds are vigourous than large and small seeds in maize. Analysis of variance for different sources of variation revealed significant influence of different concentration of PEG on different seed quality traits. The results of experiment for seed quality evaluation under water stress condition revealed that hybrids, L4 × T4 (YHP-B 45-1-2-3-1-6-2-4  4 × V 357), L4 × T2(YHP-B 45-1-2-3-1-6-2-4  4 × CML-421), L8 × T3 (POB. 45 C8 – 149-1-1-2-2-1-2--8 × CM 137) and L2 × T4 (Pob 446-12-3-2-B-B-B × V 357) will perform better under water stress conditions for all the studied seed quality parameters.
Open Access
Evaluation of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) germplasm for growth and yield characters under tarai conditions of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2011-08) Chander Mohan; Singh, J.P.
Open Access
DUS characterization of maize (Zea mays L.) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties by using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2011-08) Mall, Neetu; Chawla, H.S.
The present study was carried out on 24 maize and 11 French bean varieties with the objectives: i) To provide a detailed description of morphological DUS descriptors for maize and French bean varieties over two years as per the DUS guidelines; ii) To determine the relative extent of distinctiveness, uniformity and stability of morphological DUS descriptors; iii) Characterization of the varieties by biochemical and molecular markers to complement the morphological DUS descriptors. The field experiments for maize and French bean were conducted in the two kharif seasons and two Rabi seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 at Crop Research Centre and Vegetable Research Centre respectively. Data were recorded for 31 and 22 morpho-physiological DUS descriptors for maize and French bean respectively. Among 31 descriptors of maize, 19 were visually assessed, 4 neither visual nor measurable and 8 were measurable characteristics. 1 character was monomorphic, 12 were dimorphic and 5 were polymorphic for visual characters. All neither visual nor measurable characters were dimorphic. Out of 8 measurable characteristics 1 was monomorphic, 5 were dimorphic and 2 were polymorphic. Among 19 visual characters of French bean, 13 were dimorphic and six were polymorphic. All the 3 measurable characters were polymorphic indicating their potential for varietal characterization. No intra-varietal variation was observed for any of the visual characteristics except for one character in French bean and expression of characters in different varieties remained same for two consecutive years confirming the uniformity and stability of the varieties. COY-D analysis was made on 8 and 3 measurable DUS descriptors of maize and French bean respectively. COYD analysis supported with MJRA analysis revealed that the slope of the MJRA curve and regression probability were too negligible which indicated that all the considered characteristics were independent and their interactions with environment as well as with themselves were negligible in both the years respectively. This indicates the distinctiveness of all the candidate varieties. COY-U analysis revealed that all the varieties were more or less uniform for measurable characters. However, 2 varieties in maize and six varieties in French bean requires further purification for one more year. PCV and GCV showed greater magnitude of differences in maize which indicates less stability however in French bean high heritability indicated the presence of additive gene action in the expression of characters, emphasizing their consistency and stability over the years and their utility in varietal characterization. On the basis of grouping characteristics unique morphological profiles were obtained for 14 maize and 3 French bean varieties. When all the morphological descriptors were considered then all the varieties of maize were distinguished and seven varieties of French bean were discriminated. Seed storage protein profiling of varieties discriminated six varieties by SDS-PAGE in maize and four varieties in French bean. Molecular marker analysis was conducted with two markers viz. RAPD and SSR in maize and SSR in French bean. RAPD and SSR analysis with 10 primers each exhibited high level of polymorphism. Unique specific bands were obtained for fourteen varieties with RAPD marker and 8 varieties in maize with SSRs marker. When both the molecular markers were considered, a total of 16 varieties could be discriminated in maize. SSRs in French bean with 10primers revealed very high degree of polymorphism. Distinctive profiles were obtained for four varieties. When biochemical and molecular markers were considered then overall nine varieties were discriminated out of 11 varieties in French bean. Thus, DUS descriptors were found reliable and reproducible for establishing the distinctiveness of the varieties but sometimes morphological DUS descriptor alone may not be sufficient for establishing the distinctiveness of varieties. However, when supplemented with different biochemical and molecular markers majority of the varieties could be delineated. The varieties satisfying the DUS criteria can be registered with PPV&FR authority for obtaining breeders and Farmer’s rights.
Open Access
DUS characterization on morphological, biochemical and molecular basis in Brassica juncea L.Czern & Coss and Brassica carinata A. Braun
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-02) Nitin Kumar; Pant, D.P.
The present study was carried out with 26 mustard varieties including 16 Indian mustard and 10 Ethiopian mustard varieties over two rabi seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13.Data were recorded for 24 morphological DUS descriptors (8 visually assessed and 16measurable). In Indian mustard among the eight visually assessed DUS descriptors, only one was monomorphic, three were dimorphic and four were polymorphic, while in Ethiopian mustard four were monomorphic, only one was dimorphic and three were polymorphic. In Indian mustard out of 16 measurable characteristics, three were monomorphic, eight were dimorphic and five were polymorphic. In Ethiopian mustard seven characteristics were monomorphic and dimorphic respectively and two were polymorphic. COYD analysis with respect to 16 measurable traits indicated that all the varieties were absolutely distinct from each other in case of Indian mustard and Ethiopian mustard. COYD analysis was supported with MJRA analysis in which the slope of the MJRA curve and regression probability was calculated, which indicated that characteristics under study were not completely independent rather they are interacting with each other as well as with the environment. COYU analysis revealed that all the varieties were more or less uniform for measurable characteristics in ecotypes. Statistical analysis for stability, comparing respective values of PCV and GCV based on morphological data showed same magnitude for twelve measurable characteristics in Indian mustard and nine characteristics in Ethiopian mustard. This indicated that environmental influence was less for the expression of these characters. High heritability coupled with high to moderate genetic advance for most of the measurable characteristics indicating their consistency and stability over the years and their utility in varietal characterization. On the basis of grouping characteristics none of the Indian mustard and Ethiopian mustard varieties could establish distinctiveness by unique morphological profiles. However, all the varieties of Indian mustard and Ethiopian mustard were discriminated when all the morphological descriptors were considered. SDS-PAGE protein profiling of mustard varieties revealed moderate level of polymorphism. Only NDRE-4 and PRB-2006-5 variety of Indian mustard could establish distinctiveness when clustering was done using the UPGMA method on the basis of banding pattern scoring. Molecular marker analysis was conducted with SSRs. Twenty SSR primers produced unique banding pattern in three Indian mustard varieties Kranti, Krishna and PRB-2006-5 and two Ethiopian mustard varieties Kiran Early and PBC-2009-3. Thus, morpho-physiological DUS descriptors were found reliable and reproducible for establishing the distinctiveness of the varieties under study. Sometimes morphological DUS descriptors alone may not be sufficient for establishing distinctiveness of varieties, but when supplemented with biochemical and molecular markers varieties could be discriminated. The varieties and those strains satisfying the DUS criteria could be register to utilize with PPV and FR Authority for breeders and farmers rights and also in crop improvement programme.
Open Access
Studies on biochemical and physiological parameters of seed quality in relation to ageing in oilseed brassicas
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Bhim Jyoti; Ram Bhajan
Deterioration in seed quality during ageing is a natural phenomenon. This is caused by alterations in various physiological/ biochemical parameters such as seed germination, seedling length, seed vigour increased in seed leachate, decreased of seed viability and dehydrogenase activity. Changes in these parameters adversely affect seed yield and related characters. A series of laboratory and field experiments were, therefore, conducted in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and at the NEB Crop Research Center, G.B. Pant University of Agri. & Tech. Pantnagar, Distt. U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand) from Jan 2010 to March 2012 to elucidate the effect of ageing periods on physiological, biochemical parameters, and seed yield and related traits in rapeseed-mustard. The material consisted of three oilseed Brassicas- toria (Brassica rapa var toria), yellow sarson (B. rapa var yellow sarson) and mustard (B. juncea L) and four varieties each of these namely PT-303, PT-507, T-9, and Bhawani of toria; Ragini, B- 9, PPS-1, and NDYS-2 of yellow sarson; and Vardan, Varuna, Kranti and NDRE-4 of mustard stored for one, two, three and four years in cloth bags under ambient conditions. Results showed decline in all the three physiological parameters with increase in ageing period. Significant reduction in all physiological and biochemical parameters were observed in 3 and 4 years old seeds. Maximum decline in physiological parameters was found in yellow sarson than mustard and toria. At varietal level, significant differences were observed for all physiological parameters. Rapid decline in physiological parameters was observed in PT-303 variety of toria, Ragini of yellow sarson and Varuna of mustard whereas, Bhawani of toria, B-9 of yellow sarson and Kranti of mustard showed less reduction for all physiological traits than other three varieties. At biochemical level, significant differences were observed due to crops and their varieties during ageing. In general, as ageing period increased, viability and dehydrogenase activity decreased but seed leachate increased. Significantly high leakage of seed leachate was observed in yellow sarson than mustard and toria. Less pronounced effect of seed viability and dehydrogenase activity during ageing was found in toria than mustard and yellow sarson. Significantly higher leakage of seed leachate accompanied by more reduction in seed viability and dehydrogenase activity was found in PT-303 of toria, Ragini of yellow sarson, and Varuna of mustard than other three varieties. Less reduction in these traits was found in Bhawani in toria, B-9 in yellow sarson, and Kranti in mustard. SDS-PAGE showed non-significant alterations in protein profiling during ageing for crops as well as varieties. Seed ageing delayed flowering more in mustard followed by in toria and yellow sarson. Higher reduction in seed yield was observed in yellow sarson than mustard and toria. At varietal level higher reduction in seed yield was observed in PT-507 of toria, Ragini of yellow sarson, Varuna of mustard. Bhawani of toria, B-9 of yellow sarson and Kranti of mustard showed less reduction in seed yield than other three varieties. On the basis of physiological, biochemical parameters and yield related traits it was inferred that seed of toria and mustard could be stored for two years without reduction in germination % under ambient condition. Toria was good storer than other two crops. Yellow sarson lose viability and vigour after one year ageing, may be due to high oil content, thin transparent seed coat and high leakage of seed leachate. At varietal level, Bhawani in toria, B-9 in yellow sarson, and Kranti in mustard showed better storability than others studied. Irrespective of crops, brown and small seeded types were less sensitive to ageing than yellow and bold seeded varieties.

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