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Subject: Irrigation and Drainage Engineering × Author: Tewari, Sanjay × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Land and water resource management in Lohawati watershed of Uttarakhand using remote sensing and GIS
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-10) Tewari, Sanjay; Vinod Kumar
    India is primarily a rural country where two-thirds of its population and 70% of the workforce live in rural areas. Agriculture is the main sector of rural economy and employment. For agriculture, soil and water are the most vital natural resources, and their planned and judicious use at the micro-level is indispensable for sustainable development, particularly for a hilly watershed. Hence, keeping this in view present study was conducted for the Lohawati watershed of the Ghaghara river basin, Uttarakhand, to implement the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) based decision-making technique in conjunction with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the identification of critical sub-watersheds based on morphometric characteristics. Also, the irrigation water requirement was estimated for the agricultural HRU’s using SWAT, and suitable sites for water conservation structures were identified as per IMSD guidelines in the ArcGIS environment. The Lohawati watershed was sub-divided into seven sub-watersheds (SW1 to SW7) and morphometric parameters were computed. PCA using the FactoMine R package was performed and eleven morphometric parameters with variance contribution greater than 5.56 % were identified to perform FAHP. The fuzzy extension analysis method was employed for calculating normalized weights and based on FAHP score the subwatersheds were prioritized for development planning with classes as; high (> 0.145), medium (0.138 - 0.145), and low (< 0.138). It has been observed that two sub-watersheds SW3 and SW4 with an area of 36.34 km2 were having high priority class. Geostatistical analysis of the measured soil properties (texture, soil organic carbon, pH and EC) for soil samples collected from 58 locations at two depths, i.e. surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (15-30 cm) was conducted and soil maps were prepared. Also, WEKA (J48 algorithm) decision tree classified map of Landsat 07 image for the year 2012, was taken as base map. The prepared thematic layers of soil and LULC (2012) classified map along with ASTER-DEM were used as SWAT input. The SWAT analysis was performed for individual sub-watersheds at HRU level and irrigation water requirement was estimated. The respective annual irrigation water requirement for sub-watersheds SW1 to SW7 was obtained as 156.27, 154.06, 134.35, 116.29, 208.72, 135.69 and 149.86 mm. The total volume of water for irrigation to be stored in the Lohawati watershed worked out to be 120 ha-cm. Thus, 54 sites for farm pond and 24 sites for check dam construction were identified as per IMSD guidelines.