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Subject: Irrigation and Drainage Engineering × Author: Choudhary, Preeti × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification of groundwater potential recharge zones in Hiran River Watershed using RS and GIS
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-10) Choudhary, Preeti; Harish Chandra
    Groundwater forms a substantial part of the total water resources, which provides water for irrigation, municipal supply and industrial use. Unlike mineral resources, groundwater gets replenished by the natural process of recharge. Groundwater utilization should therefore, be properly planned to achieve a balance between replenishment and extraction in order to maintain a perennial supply. In the recent years, geographic information system based studies have gained much prominence in groundwater exploration because it is rapid and will provide first-hand information on the resource for further developments. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken with objectives to analyze morphometric parameters and to identify groundwater potential recharge zones in the Hiran river watershed, Madhya Pradesh, India. The study adopts the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Influencing factors (MIF) approaches with a combination of RS and GIS. The study addressed linear, areal and basin morphometric aspects of the watershed. The morphometric analysis of the watershed revealed that the order of Hiran river watershed was found to be eight.Out of total 7669 drainage network, 5948 were found to be of first order, 1333 were second order, 294 were third order, 65 were fourth order, 19 were fifth order, 7 were sixth order, 2 were seventh order, and 1 was eight order stream. The total length of stream was found to be longer for first order stream and found decreasing with increasing stream order. The mean bifurcation ratio obtained was 3.59 which is within standard range. Hence it was revealed that the watershed having strong structural control in drainage network. Drainage density estimated as 1.6 km/km2, which revealed that watershed, is underlain by highly permeable resistant material with vegetative cover and low relief. Areal aspects of the morphometric analysis showed that the watershed was elongated with gentle ground slope. Total eight thematic layers such as Geology, Geomorphology, Land use/ Land cover, Rainfall distribution, Soil, Slope, Lineament density and Drainage densitywere extracted from conventional and remote sensing data sources. The Spatial Analyst Tool in ArcGIS 10.4.1 was used to integrate all eight thematic layers. The weighted overlay method was used, to identify the Groundwater Potential Recharge Zones (GWPRZs) in the study area. During weighted overlay analysis, each of the thematic layers were assigned a score and weight based on the relative contribution of each of these maps to groundwater potential, which was estimated using the AHP and MIF approaches. The results from the AHP wereclassified into five categories viz., Very good (7.02%), good (36.42%), moderate (31.11%), poor (32.31%) and very poor (0.18%). Similarly in case of MIF, Very good (0.29%), good (34.130%), moderate (59.530%) and poor (6.330%). The results were validated with observed groundwater level data of observation well using ROC curve. The area under the curve for AHP and MIF was found to be 71% and 67.9%, respectively. Based on the ROC curve analysis, it was concluded that AHP approach produced relatively more accurate results than the MIF. It was also revealed from the study that accuracy of these approaches is ultimately depends on the criteria of classification, mean rating score and weight assigned to the thematic layers.