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ThesisItem Open Access An exploratory study of romantically involved young adults on love attitude; parent and peer attachment; conflict resolution; social influence and college learning(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Dutt, Aditi; Singh, RituHumans are social being who are driven by their need to belong in society. Young adulthood is a stressful yet another important stage of life offering different life-changing experiences. It opens the door for different goals, responsibilities, priorities, role and competence that helps young adults in developing attachment behaviour for example, in terms of how much emotional support is requested and from whom the support is sought. Parent and peer relationship are the most important, influential, and supreme relationships in an individual's life but when transition from school to college takes place the breaking away process from the primary attachment bonds occur at a slower pace before young adults can develop new relationship with others. Therefore, young adults tend to seek emotional security from the opposite sex by entering into romantic relationship, in order to fill the void of parental warmth. Therefore, it is fair to say that younger individuals experience a need to be attached to their counterparts through the bond of love. Love is a feeling of strong emotional attachment and attraction. It covers a wide range of positive and strong emotional and mental state, from the most sublime virtue or good habits, the deepest interpersonal affection and to the simplest pleasure. Thus comparative study was undertaken to assess the love attitude of romantically involved young adults; parent and peer attachment; conflict resolution; social influence and college learning. The study was carried out in - G.B.P.U.A.& T., Pantnagar and P.A.U., Ludhiana. Snow-ball sampling technique was used by the researcher to identify the prospective respondents (400) under two populations i.e 200 romantically involved young adults from G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar and 200 romantically involved young adults from P.A.U., Ludhiana.To assess the assumed objectives following tools were used, Love attitude Scale (Hendrick & Hendrick, 1986), Behavior System Questionnaire (Furman, Simon, Shaffer,& Bouchey, 2002), Romantic Partner Conflict Resolution Scale (Zacchilli, Hendrick, & Hendric, 2009), and The College Learning Effectiveness Inventory (Newton, Kim, Wilcox, & Beemer, 2008) and Social Influence on Romantic Relationship Scale (Ganth, 2013). Tools were distributed and explained to individual respondents and were requested for an honest, unbiased and true response with the assurance of confidentiality. On comparing the data for romantically involved young adults of G.B.P.U.A.& T., Pantnagar and P.A.U., Ludhiana, it was evident that romantically involved young adults of P.A.U., Ludhiana were having significantly higher Ludus (game-playing) love style whereas; Eros love style were significantly higher in romantically involved young adults of G.B.P.U.A.& T., Pantnagar. Furthermore, on assessing parent and peer attachment of romantically involved young adults it was found that there was no significant difference in parent and peer attachment of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, and PAU, Ludhiana. At the same time, it was also evident that there was no significant difference in areas of conflict and conflict resolution strategy of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar and PAU, Ludhiana. Interestingly it was observed that there was no significant difference in social influence on romantically involved young adults of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar and PAU, Ludhiana. On the contrary, it was evident that the respondent’s age and duration of their romantic relationship made significant contribution in various domains of college learning.ThesisItem Open Access A comparative study of martial quality, parent adolescent relationship and psychological health among living apart together couple and proximal couple families of distt. U.S. Nagar Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Johari, Shikha; Singh, RituRelationships in which intimate partners do not share a household (living apart together) are gradually becoming more noticeable in the modern sphere. Living apart together couples (LATC) is a newly arrived family form and these couples are not registered in official census statistics. In the modern day world, the female counterparts are getting monetary freedom, independence and egalitarianism; which in turn have both positive and negative influence on marital adjustment. The parent-child relationship is one of the most important, influential, and supreme relationships in an individual's life. Any changes in family equilibrium and relationships results in change in responsibilities, rules, and boundaries, as well as the degree of power, authority and control exerted by parents. The comparative study was undertaken to assess the marital quality, parent-adolescent relationship and psychological health of members in living apart together couple families and proximal couple families. The study was carried out in Distt. Udham Singh Nagar of Uttarakhand. Snowball sampling technique was used to identified the prospective families (150) under two populations i.e 75 living apart together couple families and 75 proximal couple families. Total sample comprised of 450 respondents (150 husbands and wives from living apart together couple families, 150 husbands and wives from proximal couple families and 150 adolescents). To assess the assumed objectives following tools were used, Seven Dimensions of Exceptional Relationships (Szekely, 1980), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), Romantic Partner Conflict Scale (Zacchilli, 2009), Trust in Close Relationships Scale (Rempel, 1985), Parent -Child Relationship Scale (Rao, 1989) and Anxiety, depression and Stress Scale (Bhatnagar, 1971). Tools were distributed and explained to individual members and were requested for honest, unbaised and true response with assurance of confidentiality. During the follow up non-participatory observations were recorded and registered to cross verify data collected through survey method. On comparing the data for exceptional marital relationship of couples in living apart together couple and proximal couple families, it was evident that couples from living apart together couple families were significantly higher on three dimensions of exceptional relationship which is commitment, passion and team work in comparison to couples in proximal couple families. Furthermore, on assessing dyadic adjustment, couples from living apart together couple families were seen to be significantly more affectionate towards their partner. At the same time couples from living apart together couple families practiced separations, whereas couples from proximal couple families practiced avoidance as a strategy for conflict resolution. Interestingly it was observed that couples from living apart together couple and proximal couple families showed no significant difference in trust. On assessing parent-child relationship, it was apparent that parents from living apart together couple families practiced significantly more symbolic reward, object reward and were more loving. On the contrary, parents from proximal couple families followed more symbolic punishment and were more demanding. Simultaneously it was found that couples from living apart together couple families were significantly more anxious and stressed. However, it turned out that adolescents from living apart together couple families and proximal couple families showed no difference in anxiety, depression and stress.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative analysis of quality of education, caregiving and development among preschoolers under private and public schools of selected blocks of distt. U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-09) Nautiyal, Himani; Singh, RituThe earliest years of a child’s life are critical. These years determine child’s survival and thriving in life, and lay the foundations for her/ his learning and holistic development. Concept of Early Years Education (EYE) refers to a philosophy of providing opportunities and experiences to preschoolers in order to promote their holistic development, as well as arranging and providing services and support systems to communities and families to meet the needs of their young children. In India two types of preschool structures vis. private preschools and public preschools. This study was undertaken with a view to assess the differences existing across private and public preschools in terms of infrastructure and curriculum, child caregiver interaction and age specific development. The study was carried out purposively in two blocks of Distt. Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand namely- Rudrapur and Gadarpur. Firstly, a list of private peschools under the block Rudrapur and Gadarpur was procured by the researcher online. The researcher also used snowball sampling method to locate some of the private preschools which were not available online. In selection of public preschools the researcher procured the list from District Programme Office of the District Udham Singh Nagar. 10 private and 18 public preschools served as the sample for the current study. In which 31 caregivers and 351 preschoolers were from private preschools whereas, 27 caregivers and 291 preschoolers were from public preschools. Mixed methods involving non-participatory observations and survey method was used for data collection. To assess the assumed objectives following tools were used: Early Childhood Education Quality Assessment Scale (CECED, 2011), Child Caregiver Interaction Scale (Carl, 2010) and Ages and Stages Questionnaire (Squires and Bricker, 2009). Non participatory observation method was used to assess infrastructure and curriculum differences existing across private and public preschools using Early Childhood Education Quality Assessment Scale and the same method i.e. non participatory observation was used to assess hild Caregiver Interaction across private and public preschools using Child Caregiver Interaction Scale. To assess age specific developmental differences existing among preschoolers enrolled in private and public preschools the researcher distributed Ages and Stages Questionnaire to the parents of the preschoolers. On comparing the data for infrastructure and curriculum private preschools were significantly higher than public preschools on dimensions of- physical settings, meal time, learning and play aids, classroom management and organisation, personal care, hygiene and habit formation, language and reasoning experiences, fine and gross motor activities, social development, child care worker’s disposition. Furthermore on assessing caregiving across private and preschools it was found that private preschool caregivers were significantly high on all the three domain of the scale which were:- emotional, cognitive/physical and social. On assessing the age specific developmental differences among preschoolers across private and public preschools it was found that private preschoolers were significantly higher than public preschoolers in communication, problem solving and personal social domains. Whereas, public preschoolers were higher than private peschoolers in two domains which were: - fine and gross motor domain. Similar results were found between boys and girls of private and public preschools.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of home and school settings on moral judgment of pre-adolescent children: a study in Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Mehra, Manisha; Ahuja, AbhaWith the advancement of technology, communication, and modernization, the individuals today have become more subjective about their ideas of how they define an act as moral or immoral. The present generation views morality as subjective perception of an individual rather than it being objective. This makes their perspective more challenging when seen along with the societal standards of just or unjust. The basic virtues that strengthen the relationships such as trust, integrity, love, and brotherhood are fading away with time. Pre adolescent children have the ability to differentiate between moral obligations, social norms, and personal moral choices and children at this age can take more circumstances, alternatives and possibilities into account when thinking about the ramifications of their behavior. One reason for deterioration of morality is that many children lack the self-discipline to resist their temptations, and their raging hormones overpower their ethics. The present research study was carried out exclusively in two districts of Uttarakhand viz., Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital. Keeping in mind the stated objectives, a total sample of 200 pre-adolescent children was taken as respondents for the present study. Self structured socio-demographic and socio-economic profile Questionnaire was used to collect basic background information about the respondents under study. Home Environment Questionnaire (Self structured) and School Environment Questionnaire (Self structured) were used to study home and school environment settings of the respondents. Moral Judgment Scale (Sinha and Verma, 1992) was used to study moral judgment of pre-adolescent children. The home environment setting of pre-adolescent children of government schools were found to be significantly lower than the home environment setting of pre-adolescent children of private schools in ambience domain. The school environment setting of pre-adolescent children of private schools was found to be significantly higher than the school environment setting of pre-adolescent children of government schools in discipline domain. Significant correlation was found between moral judgment of pre-adolescents and their home environment setting. No significant correlation was found between moral judgment of pre-adolescent children and their school environment setting. Home environment setting (independent variable) explains about 16 % of the variation in moral judgment (dependent variable) of pre-adolescent children.ThesisItem Open Access Group performance of women SHGS under KVKs in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Divya; Ahuja, AbhaThe empowerment of women is one of the vital issues in the progression and improvement of countries in the entire world. Women empowerment is a progression in which women confront the presented norms and culture to encourage their well being efficiently. A self-help group is a village based financial intermediary comprising of 10-20 local women. SHGs work on the principal of thrift, credit and self help i.e. thrift means quality of using money and resources carefully, credit being the grant and loans from banks and using these resources to achieve things and help themselves. The present study was conducted in Nainital and Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand to explore the group activities among women members, to study the extent of participation of women in group activities of rural SHGs attached with KVKs and to identify problems associated with participation of women in group activities. The villages covered for survey were Audhli, Khairana, Dogda, Lamjala, Talla Gethia and Krishnapur. A sample size of 160 respondents i.e. 80 each from both the districts was selected for present study. Interview technique was used for collecting the data. The study comprises of descriptive and exploratory research design. The extent of participation of women SHG was found to be highest in official work followed by finance/accounts or credit purpose. The group activities in which the women were involved was classified under economic empowerment, socio-cultural empowerment and political empowerment. The study revealed that women reported problems in joining self-help groups in terms of information support, technical support, marketing of products made by them and financial support. Its Implications in terms of assets & capacity building of SHGs in the Country.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of modernization on the personal values of adolescents(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-06) Pavithra, N.; Ahuja, AbhaValues are ideas about desirable states of affairs shared by members of a group or culture. They guide our behavior, acts and right path of self-realization and selfdevelopment. As the values gone through an evolution over a period, they play a crucial role in determining human behavior and social relationships as well as maintaining and regulating social structure and interactions. Personal values evolve from circumstances with the external world and can change over time as result of modernization. Due to modern technology, modernization creates the change in traditions and values. Majority of behavioral scientists have come to recognize that modernization is essentially a process of value change. The adolescent age groups are the susceptible group to acquire the changes rapidly when compared to the other age groups. The present study has been carried out in two different Universities namely TNAU and GBPUA&T. Total sample for the study consisted of 240 adolescents in the age range of 18 to 20 Years belonging to TNAU and GBPUA&T. The samples collected from two colleges of TNAU and two colleges of GBPUA&T. The sample was evenly distributed over to sex’s i.e. 60 boys and 60 girls from each University. The self-structured background information questionnaire was used to collect the basic information; Personal value questionnaire (Sherry and Verma, 2010) was used to assess the personal values and Comprehensive Modernization Inventory (Ahluwalia and Kalia, 2010) was used to assess the modernization of the adolescents. The boys from TNAU were found significantly low in religious value, Social value, economic value and hedonistic value when compared to the girls. The correlation between the Modernization inventory and Personal value questionnaire gives the effect of modernization on the personal values of adolescents. At the same time, the regression analysis showed level of effect. However, on contrary, the girls were found significantly low in health value and medium in all the different aspects of personal values when compared to the girls of GBPUA&T. The boys of GBPUA&T found giving more respect to the status of women when compared to the boys of TNAU. similarly, there is a significant difference in the dimensions of politics, the status of women and marriage were found in the main comparison of girls of both the university. On overall comparison the TNAU adolescents where found better in education, parent-child relationship, politics, and marriage. Whereas, the GBPUA&T adolescents were found very good in religion, parent-child relationship and education.ThesisItem Open Access Management of family support structures through SHGS: A feasibility study in Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Garwal, Sony; Ahuja, AbhaThesisItem Open Access A study on instrumental and terminal values of Bal Vikas children, their parents and gurus in selected districts of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Joshi, Renu; Ahuja, AbhaThesisItem Open Access Development of participatory video for educating adolescent girls on anaemia and testing its effectiveness(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-01) Sangma, Brighty A.; Kushwaha, ArchanaEntire growth and development in the life of person takes place during adolescence period. In India, anaemia affects adolescents to a great extent. Special health care and guidelines in the attitudes and practices among adolescent girls with proper nutrition education on anaemia. Participatory video (PV) is a type of participatory action research which involves a group or a community in the creation of their own educational film as a form of “peer education”. The present research study was targeted to adolescent girls for nutrition education through participatory video and test the effectiveness of video. A total of 68 volunteered subjects i.e. adolescent girls studying in tenth to twelfth grade from Govt. Girls Inter College, Pantnagar, participated in the study which were divided in the three groups viz. participatory nutrition education (PNE) group (n=12), control 1 (non participatory nutrition education (NPNE) group, n=21) and control 2 (non nutrition education (NNE) group, n=35). PNE group subjects were involved in development of video so became the participatory i.e. experimental group. NPNE group only viewed the video after its development and NNE group did not receive any intervention. Ethical considerations were taken care prior to start of the study. Participatory video on street play entitled “Anaemia: A silent Killer” on causes prevention and consequences of anaemia was developed and its effectiveness was measured by improvement in knowledge, attitude and practices in PNE against controls. KAP questionnaire was developed and validated before intervention study. Pre and post test data was collected in all the three study groups before and after intervention, respectively. The findings of the study shows that the three groups in the study at pre test data were statistically non significant. After intervention through participatory video there was statistically significant difference among PNE group followed by NPNE and NNE group. PNE group outperformed among all the groups followed by NPNE and NNE group with respect to knowledge, attitude and practices regarding anaemia. This study found that participatory video was effective for the purpose of providing nutrition education on anaemia among adolescent girls. The findings in this study recommend that this participatory video may be used for alleviating anaemia among adolescent girls in the state of Uttarakhand as well as at national level at large.