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ThesisItem Open Access A comparative study of social and emotional maturity of senior school adolescents of Pantnagar(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-08) Pant, Kusha; Singh, RituThe term adolescence comes from the Latin verb adolescere, which simply means to grow to maturity. By the end of adolescence period, the adolescent is expected not only to be physically and cognitively mature but also be socially and emotionally mature, that is, he must be ready to face the world alone without his parents or teachers to act as buffers, as they did when he was a child. It is so, as emotional maturity and social maturity are vital for attaining success and happiness in adult life. The 21st century is an era of technological revolution. Due to changes in technology, the environment today is changing as never before. Adolescent today is exposed to vast, unlimited and uncensored information along with increased pressure due to high competitiveness, expectation from family and peers. In this dynamic environment, adolescents are finding it difficult to adjust themselves, and sometimes even getting succumbed to the environmental pressure. This is quite evident from the increase in number of criminal, suicidal, drug abuse and rape cases where adolescents are involved. In some extreme cases, adolescents are used by terrorist groups as a weapon of terror as it is very easy to influence them due to their low social and emotional maturity levels. The present study was undertaken to assess if the senior school adolescents of Pantnagar have successfully attained the developmental milestones of adolescence especially social and emotional maturity and are ready to face this fast changing and demanding world efficiently, courageously and responsibly as an ideal citizen of the society. All the adolescents studying in class XI of Campus School, GGIC and PIC were selected for the present study making a total of two hundred & seventy seven (277) respondents. The self-designed socio-demographic questionnaire was used to study the socio-demographic characteristics of class XI students of the selected schools. Social maturity and emotional maturity of the students was assessed through Rao‟s Social Maturity Scale by Nalini Rao and Emotional Maturity Scale by Y. Singh and M. Bhargava, respectively. The present study revealed that girls were more socially adequate than boys whereas boys were more socially adjusting than girls. Adolescents having three or more siblings were also observed to be more personally adequate than those having one or no sibling. However, adolescents having one or no sibling were significantly higher on emotional progression and personality integration component of emotional maturity than those having two siblings. Another observation was that adolescents who were 1st born were significantly more socially mature, emotionally stable and socially adjusting than 2nd born. Adolescents whose fathers were educated upto intermediate or above were significantly more personally adequate than those whose were either illiterate or educated only upto matric but father‟s level of education did not influence the emotional maturity of adolescents. On the other hand, respondents whose mothers were PG or above were significantly more personally adequate than those whose mothers were illiterate or educated upto matric. They were also observed to be significantly higher on emotional progression than the rest. Respondents whose fathers and mothers were Class 1 or Class 2 employee were significantly more socially and emotionally mature than those whose were Class 3 and Class 4 employee. Adolescents of non-working mothers were also seen to be significantly more socially and emotionally mature than of Class 3 and Class 4 employee. Higher and upper middle class adolescents were seen to be significantly more personally adequate than those from rest of the classes but higher class adolescents were significantly low on social adequacy than others. Adolescents from higher class were also observed to be more socially adjusting and independent than those from lower class and on the whole more emotionally mature than those from rest of the classes. Respondents from joint family were more personally, interpersonally and socially adequate and thus, socially mature than those from nuclear family. Similarly they were significantly higher on emotional stability, emotional progression, social adjustment, personality integration and independence component of emotional maturity than those from nuclear family. Social maturity and emotional maturity was found to be significantly positively correlated across gender, number of siblings, birth order, family income, family type, parent‟s education and occupation.ThesisItem Open Access A comparative study on moral judgment ability of Sri Sathya Sai Bal Vikas and Non Bal Vikas Children from the capital cities of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-07) Priyanka; Ahuja, AbhaAn attempt has been made to study the status of moral judgment ability of Sri Sathya Sai Bal Vikas and Non Bal Vikas children aged 6- 11 years, in capital cities of Uttarakhand i.e. Dehradun and Uttarpradesh i.e. Lucknow. Moral judgment test was administered on a randomly selected sample of 360 children i.e. 180 Bal Vikas children (90 from Uttarakhand, 90 from Uttarpradesh) and 180 Non Bal Vikas children (90 from Uttarakhand, 90 from Uttarpradesh, divided into three age groups i.e. 6- 7 years, 8- 9 years and 10- 11 years, having 30 children in each age group. A questionnaire eliciting self report on daily habits and moral behavior of children was given to 40 Bal Vikas children (20 from Uttarakhand and 20 from Uttarpradesh) and 40 Non Bal Vikas children (20 from Uttarakhand and 20 from Uttarpradesh) selected randomly from the 360 children studied for The moral judgment ability. Thirty sessions of 40 minutes each Bal Vikas and Non Bal Vikas classes were observed using observation schedule for teaching techniques used in teaching. Results revealed significant difference in the moral judgment ability of Sri Sathya Sai Bal Vikas children and Non Bal Vikas children. Almost half (52.27%) Bal Vikas children had very high and 35% Bal Vikas children had high ability of moral judgment, whereas, only 12.22% Non Bal Vikas children had very high and 12.77% had high ability of moral judgment. A great percentage of Non Bal Vikas children (29.44%) had low moral judgment ability as compared to only 3.88% Bal Vikas children. 23.88% Non Bal Vikas children showed very low ability of moral judgment, whereas none of the Bal Vikas children had very low moral judgment ability. A significant relation was found between ages and moral judgment ability of children at 0.01 level of significance (df 16.81). Gender differences were observed as 38.33% girls had very high ability of moral judgment as compared to boys (26.66%) whereas more number of boys (21.11%) showed low moral judgment ability as compared to the girls (12.22%). Majority of Bal Vikas children reported desired moral behavior in most of the given situations as compared to Non Bal Vikas children through the questionnaire eliciting daily habits and moral behavior. The most interesting thing observed in Sri Sathya Sai Bal Vikas classes was teaching techniques used by Bal Vikas gurus i.e. prayer, story telling, silent sitting, group activities, role playing, and value games to inculcate values of truth, righteous conduct, love, peace and non violence in children. Whereas, in Non Bal Vikas classes teachers mainly focused on completing syllabus through lectures using blackboards as the teaching material. A sound interaction of gurus with every child was observed in Bal Vikas classes, but in contrast, there was a good interaction of Non Bal Vikas teachers with only the brighter students of the class. Findings of the present study suggest that Sri Sathya Sai Bal Vikas Programe be added in schools for one hour session at least once a week, preferably on Saturdays, so that children will be able to get exposure of varied teaching techniques for inculcating moral values in them and it would also add to their academic performance by better discipline and commitment.ThesisItem Open Access Capacity building through life skill education to adolescent girls of youth SHGs: an experimental development in Vijaynagar Gram Panchayat, Gadarpur block, Udham Singh Nagar(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-05) Ojha, Jaya Kritika; Ahuja, AbhaYoung generation has tremendous potential and calibre towards life. Adolescence is the second decade of life and should be developed so that they can lead an empowered and healthy future. It is necessary to invest in young girls especially, so as to make them future guardians of the nation‟s development. Girls have rights to make choices to determine and decide their future. The present research study was taken up with the objective to implement life skill education among adolescent girls of youth SHGs in Chitranjanpur II village of Gadarpur block of Udham Singh Nagar. The qualitative research has been conducted with the total sample size of 30 respondents. A questionnaire consisting of different modules was used to assess the pre and post levels of awareness and change in views regarding life skills. After the training exposure on life skill education, it was found that adolescent girls with guidance and capacity building can enhance their self esteem and self concept which was reflected in their responses in the area of self image, family and personal relationships, family roles and responsibilities, image of an ideal person and gender equality. Empowering adolescent girls and young women presupposes a positive change in the perception of our society. Study suggested that girls and women require such training programmes which will provide them a platform of equal opportunities in all areas of life and make them capable to participate, as equal partners of society.ThesisItem Open Access Capacity building in managerial ability and self concept of youth SHGS: an experimental development on Pantnagar university campus, Udham Singh Nagar(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-06) Saxena, Pooja; Ahuja, AbhaThe youth constitutes largest population in India and are potential human resources with abundant energy and enthusiasm. Youth, a stage which bridges the transition between adolescence and adult and is the most appropriate section of the society to participate in development activities. The future of the country lies in the hands of their youth. SHGs can be promising tool in capacity building of rural poor. So the study on Capacity Building in Managerial Ability and Self Concept of Youth SHGs: An Experimental Development on Pantnagar University Campus, Udham Singh Nagar was carried out. The sample size of 30 members was taken from three SHGs (each group having 10 members). The result indicated that training programmes directly or indirectly has positive effect on self concept and capacity building of poor. Managerial skills related to entrepreneurial activities have positive effect on capacity building and self concept. After receiving training most respondents realized their potentials, skills and abilities and the scores on their self concept were increased. As youth self employment has been become the foremost need of all developing countries. The present study has its implication in term of suggestions that youth should be given trainings for their capacity building and guided in the right direction through government and nongovernmental efforts.ThesisItem Open Access Capacity building and strengthening self-concept of members of youth SHGs: an experimental development on Pantnagar university campus of District Udham Singh Nagar(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-06) Khurana, Chhavi; Ahuja, AbhaIndia having one of the largest youth population in the world is facing the problem of youth employment and need that extra thrust to integrate self made entrepreneurs into the economic mainstream. The rural youth have potentials and abilities but they need a motivational force and opportunity to express themselves. As a result in recent years, Self Help Groups are emerging as alternative development strategy to promote the common interest of weak and vulnerable sections of the society. So the study on Capacity Building and Strengthening Self-Concept of members of Youth SHGs: An Experimental Development on Pantnagar University Campus of District Udham Singh Nagar was carried out. The sample size of 30 members was taken from three SHGs (Each group having 10 members) for the study. The results reveal that after imparting trainings to the SHGs, the self-concept of members is raised. The findings reveal that youth require such training programmes which can improve their skill in different income generating activities, capacity building and strengthening self-concept.ThesisItem Open Access Educating youth SHGS on family life education issues: an experimental development in district Udham Singh Nagar(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-06) Saxena, Ruchi; Ahuja, AbhaIt has been proved beyond that the goal of population stabilization may not be attained by simple promoting the use of family planning measures. While such a campaign has its own merits, it is essential to create certain favourable conditions by treating population as an aspect of development and no as an obstacle to development. There is a need to make people appreciate sustainable development as the best pragmatic option. Gender equality and equity, family planning information and improvement in reproductive and nutritional health of mother and child are the key contributors to population stabilization. The preset investigation was taken up with the objective of educating youth Self Help groups on family life education issues in the village named Chitranjanpur-2 of Gadarpur block of District Udham Singh Nagar. The qualitative research has been done, taking total sample of 50 female respondents (25 married and 25 unmarried). To assess the pre and post knowledge and opinion regarding family life issues, interview schedule was used. After experimentation through education sessions, it was found that the there were gains and changes in opinion of both the unmarried and married respondents regarding family life issues.ThesisItem Open Access Role of self help groups in socio-economic development of the village: an opinion survey in selected gram sabhas of district Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-06) Rajput, Seema; Ahuja, AbhaSelf Help Groups are becoming offshoots of development. one of the initial functions of Self Help Groups has been to operate saving and credit systems within their respected groups, by mobilizing their modest savings. But now a days they have expended their functions other then thrift/credit activities, like in the socio economic development of the village. The present study is descriptive in nature, hence self constructed interview schedule with some participatory methods of focused group discussion was used to collect the information, which was already pretested on 15 group members and 5 officials of different categories. Total sample were comprised 70 SHG members and 30 officials of different categories/Panchayat members/Bankers. The Gram Sabhas was selected purposively and SHG members were selected randomly. While different categories were selected purposively. The major findings of the study indicates that the awareness level of the respondents about their group was quite good. They gave their opinion in a positive way that SHGs can play a good role in socio-economic development of the village, on the other hand different categories of officers/Panchayat members/Bankers also agreed about the role of SHGs in socio economic development of the village. Thus this study showed that SHGs can play an effective role in socio economic development of the village and recommended further motivating SHGs to take up varied roles in socio-economic development of the village with Gram Panchayat.ThesisItem Open Access A study on health status of hill farm women and the physical and motor development of their children(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-07) Nagarkoti, Vineeta; Maurya, Suman PrasadWomen have always played a pivotal role in our society in general and in agriculture, particular. In their varied roles as agricultural labourers, dejure landowners, defacto household heads, or as self cultivators and manager of their homesteads. Women are the invisible backbone of Indian agriculture. Among the many problems faced by the women their health status remains a major concern. The issues of health for women are a natural and organic concomitant of their lives. Women health is therefore, of crucial importance. The present research study was taken up with the objective to assess the health status of status of hill farm women in Dotiyal gaon of Takula block in Almora district of Uttarakhand state. The descriptive ex-post facto research design has been conducted with the total sample size of 100 respondents comprising of 50 mothers and their 50 children under four years of age. An open ended interview schedule consisting of different sections was used to elicit information on hill farm women pertaining to their knowledge, health and practices. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and haemoglobin level of hill farm women were assessed to determine the health profile of hill farm women. Weights of their children were taken for assessing the physical development. Bayley Scales of Infant Development II was administered to assess the motor development index of hill farm women children. It was found that hill farm women were lacking proper knowledge regarding nutrition and health. Hill farm women (60%) did not have knowledge about balanced diet, 42% were not aware of nutrients namely calcium, vitamin A and iron; 68% did not have knowledge about anaemia; while 90% were unaware of their blood group. Majority of hill farm women (80%) were found to spend 15-16 hours per day in performing household and farm chores. They had poor health profile with low BMI and low haemoglobin level. Only 26% had normal BMI i.e., 20.0-25.0 and 90% had haemoglobin <12gm%.More than half (66%) women delivered their baby at home and 64% had deliveries under the supervision of trained aaya of the village. Some unhealthy practices were found like certain food items were abstained during pregnancy and lactation period. Majority of farm women (86%) breast fed their child on demand. All hill farm women initiated weaning of their child at the age of five to six month. Only 22% fed colostrum to their child. Farm women (80%) spent only one to two hours per day with their child. Hill farm women children (42%) were moderately malnourished and 82% children were found within normal limits of motor development on Bayley Scales of Infant Development. A positive and significant relationship between nutritional and health knowledge and health profile of mothers (hill farm women) with physical and motor development of their children was found at 0.01% level of significance (df 2). For the development of hill farm women an awareness regarding health care practices is required. Study suggests improvement in the health status of hill farm women through intervention in different health related areas.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of occupational stress on family relationship among police personnel of rural and urban areas of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Pooja Rani; Ahuja, AbhaOccupations are a part of everyday life and may even form a part of a person's existence. Occupational stresses have become predominant feature of modern life and it is common to each and every organization. The police organization is no exception to this rather policing is widely recognized as more stressful than any other occupation the nature of work, irregular duty hours and many more factors, which can trigger stress in police personnel. Stress may affect the personnel and professional life of police personnel. Therefore it was felt to study the occupational stress and its relationship with family. The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of occupational stress on police personnel family relation including marital satisfaction and family environment. The study was conducted in the state of Uttarakhand and two districts were selected for this purpose Udham Singh Nagar for urban sector and Pithoragarh for rural sector. From these districts two block were selected, Rudrapur from Udham Singh Nagar and Pithoragarh from Pithoragarh district. Total 140 Police personnel (70 from Rudrapur & 70 from Pithoragarh) were interviewed for this study. Independent variable selected for the study were age, family type, family size, year of job experience and no. of transfer, whereas dependent variable were occupational stress, family environment and marital satisfaction. The data were collected using structured questionnaire for background information, family environment and marital satisfaction and occupational stress index (OSS) by A.K. Srivastav & A.P. Singh (1984). The data obtained was analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t- test, and Chi-square test. The present study revealed that male police personnel had significantly high occupational stress than female police personnel and rural male police personnel had significantly high positive family environment than rural female police personnel whereas urban police personnel had no significant differences in family environment across their gender. Another observation was that male and female police personnel had no significant difference in marital satisfaction. As per the percentage basis, rural sector police personnel had moderate occupational stress, high family environment and high marital satisfaction than urban sector police personnel. Findings also revealed that family environment was not dependent on occupational stress whereas marital satisfaction was depended on occupational stress. The study showed that the police personnel from rural sector were having better family relationship than urban sector police personnel.