Loading...
![Thumbnail Image](assets/images/Collection.png)
Theses
Browse
8 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Diversity analysis for quantitative traits, biochemical profiling and screening of MYMV in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) germplasm collected from Uttarakhand hills(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Gupta, Richa; Arora, AnjuBlackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, 2n = 2x = 22) commonly known as urdbean or mash is an important pulse crop of India. The present investigation was carried out at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar, during kharif, 2011 and 2012 with 54 genotypes (including 50 test lines and 4 check varieties) of blackgram for ten quantitative traits with the objectives to study genetic divergence, character association for yield and its components, quantification of seed storage protein and identification of genotypes with high protein content, polymorphism in genotypes using SDS – PAGE and to identify resistant germplasm source for MYMV disease. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield per plant while significant for number of pods per cluster. The highest yield was recorded as 10.55 g/plant for genotype GP 2011-15 followed by 10.30 g/plant for GP 2011- 64. Character association analysis revealed that yield per plant showed highly significant and positive correlation with all the characters except days to 50% flowering and 100 seed weight. Based on non-hierarchical euclidean cluster analysis, 54 genotypes were grouped into nine non-overlapping clusters. The cluster V comprised of maximum number of genotypes (11) whereas, cluster VII consisted of minimum number of genotypes (2). Highest inter cluster distance was observed between the genotypes of clusters IV and VII followed by clusters IV and VI. Six genotypes viz., GP 2011-15, GP 2011-448, GP 2011-152, GP 2011-64, IS-1 and RS 241 were identified as divergent and desirable for particular characters. Genotype GP 2011-15 was selected for number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant and yield/plant, IS-1 for seeds/pod, GP 2011-448 was selected for plant height and 100 seed weight, GP 2011-152 for number of branches/plant, genotype GP 2011-64 for number of pods/cluster and pod length and RS 241 was selected for days to 50% flowering. Among genotypes evaluated some of them could be a good source of seed storage protein. In blackgram seeds protein ranged from 20.22 to 23.06%. PCPGR 8027 and PCPGR 8022 contained highest amount of total protein i.e. 23.06% and 23.03% respectively. The genotypes were grouped on the basis of SDS-PAGE analysis. The dissimilarity coefficient ranged between 0 - 0.80. A dendrogram based on the UPGMA analysis grouped 54 genotypes into 2 main clusters, cluster A and cluster B. Cluster A consisted of 26 genotypes and the remaining 28 were grouped in cluster B. Genotypes were also screened against MYMV disease. Six genotypes viz., EK 91, IS-1, Urd 83, GP 2011-15, GP 2011-64 and PCPGR 8026 were found immune against MYMV. Three genotypes GP 2011-15, GP 2011-64 and PCPGR 8026 were found agronomically good and immune against MYMV disease, whereas, PCPGR 8026 was found early maturing and contained high seed storage protein.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components with field and molecular screening for yellow rust resistance in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum L. em Thell](G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Mohammed Talha; SwatiResearch work on combining ability analysis and gene action for yield contributing traits with field and molecular screening for yellow rust resistance of fifteen wheat genotypes and their respective crosses was carried out using Line x tester analysis during Rabi 2012-2013 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. Randomized Block Design with three replications was used to study combining ability, gene action and heterosis for days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), peduncle length (cm), productive tillers per plant, flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike (g), 1000 grain weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), grain yield per plant (g), harvest index (%) and AUDPC for yellow rust. Field and molecular screening of genotypes was undertaken to classify the genotypes according to disease reaction and to detect presence of major Yr genes. The relative estimates of variance due to sca were higher than the variance due to gca for most of the traits studied indicating the predominance of non- additive gene action whereas for plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf area and AUDPC additive genetic mechanism are more important. Among the tester, DPW 621-50 can be ranked as the best tester and among lines UP2596, PBW 639 and PBW 658 can be considered as the best lines as these combine well for the highest number of yield contributing characters as well as yellow rust resistance. The cross WH1100 x PBW550 was found as good cross combination for maximum number of traits. Some best crosses based on highest sca effects in desirable direction were WH1100 X FLW21 and KO307 X PBW550 for earliness, HD3065 X PBW550 for reduced plant height, UP 2596 x FLW 21 for productive tillers per plant, WH 1100 x PBW 550 for grain yield per plant, WH 1100 x PBW 550 and KO 307 x DPW 621-50 for harvest index and AUDPC, DBW 71 x FLW 21 for flag leaf area, KO 307 x PBW 550 for peduncle length, HPW 211 x DPW 621-50 for number of grains per spike and spike length and DBW 71 x PBW 550 for 1000 grain weight. Eight crosses viz. HD 3059 x DPW 621-50, WH 1100 x FLW 21, UP 2596 x FLW 21, UP 2596 x PBW 550, HPW 211 x DPW 621-50, PBW 644 x DPW 621-50, UP 2596 x FLW 21 and KO 307 x DPW 621-50 had highest significant sca effects in desirable direction as well as highest per se performance for peduncle length, days to 75% heading, productive tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike, biological yield per plant and AUDPC, respectively. It is advocated that the good combiner genotypes could be used in crossing programme and the crosses having significant sca effects should be tested over the location and years before their exploitation. The best cross for grain yield on the basis of high estimates of standard heterosis is KO 307 x FLW 21. On the basis of field screening, all genotypes were classified in three different categories i.e., resistance, intermediate and susceptible. Molecular analysis using linked SSR primers Xwmc175 and Xpsp3000 revealed likely presence of Yr5 gene in PBW639 and Yr10 gene in HD3065, HPW211 and WH1100. These four genotypes also showed resistance response in the field under artificial inoculated conditions. So after further confirmation, these genotypes can be used as donor parents for above mentioned yellow rust resistance genes.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on protein profiling (SDS-PAGE) combining ability and heterosis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Meena, Jitendra Kumar; Pant, UshaThe present investigation was carried out with the aim to evaluate the genetic purity of cross combinations using SDS-PAGE analysis and study of selection parameters, combining ability, extent of heterosis for various quantitative characters in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. The experimental material for present study comprised of a set of 15 genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) of diverse origin involving four early maturing genotypes (NDRE-4, PRE-2007-6, PR-2006-1 and PRE-2009-9), six agronomically superior genotypes (NDYR-8, Kranti, Maya, Bhaghirathi, RGN-74 and RGN-145), two genotypes suitable for late sowing (Vardan and Ashirwad) and three bold seeded genotypes (PRB-2006-5, PRB-2008-5 and PRB-2004-3-4). Crosses were made between these genotypes in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals during rabi 2011-12. The parents and their 105 F1’s along with one standard variety (Kranti) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications during rabi 2012-13 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The combining ability analysis was performed by following Griffing’s (1956) method 2 and model 1. Results of ANOVA showed that the mean squares due to gca and sca were highly significant for all the characters except secondary branches per plant, the magnitude of former being higher than later, indicating predominance of additive gene action for the expression of the characters under study. The estimates of 2 sca were found to be higher than the 2 gca for all characters except number of seeds per siliqua and oil content. Predictability ratio was highest for days to 50 percent flowering, number of seeds per siliqua and oil content. It indicated the predominance of fixable variance which can be utilized by following any breeding methodology for improvement of such traits. For rest of the traits the value of predictability was lower than one. It represented the involvement of non-fixible variance so in such characters the heterosis breeding appears to be the best option. Average degree of dominance showed partial dominance(<1.0) for days to 50% flowering, number of seeds per siliqua and oil content and over dominance(>1.0) for primary branches per plant, glucosinolate content, chlorophyll content, siliqua length, length of main raceme, test weight, siliquae on main raceme, secondary branches per plant, seed yield per plant, plant height, days to maturity and siliqua density. Based on significant GCA effects in desirable direction, the parents NDRE-4 (-3.651**) for early maturity; NDRE-4 (-11.077**) for dwarf plant height; Maya (1.796**) for seed yield per plant; NDYR-8 (0.736**), for oil content and Kranti (-7.104**) for low glucosinolate content could be screened as superior donors. The study revealed that crosses Bhaghirathi × PRB-2004-3-4 (-6.252**) for early maturity; PRB-2008-5 × PRB- 2004-3-4 (-30.236**) for dwarf plant height; Vardan × Ashirwad (0.849*) for oil content and Bhaghirathi × RGN-145 (-36.632**) for low glucosinolat content had high magnitude of sca effects. The evaluation of heterosis revealed that heterotic combinations PRB-2004-3-4×PRE-2009-9 (-9.627**), Bhaghirathi × PRE-2009-9 (-16.53**), RGN-145 × PR-2006-1 (-4.64**) for early maturity; PRB-2008-5 ×PRB-2004-3-4 (-24.37**), PRB-2008-5 × PRE-2009-9 (-24.89**), PRE-2009-9 × NDYR-8 (-23.32**) for dwarf plant height; PR-2006-1 × NDRE-4 (201.74**) , PR-2006-1 × NDYR-8 (137.26**), Maya × PRE-2004-3-4 (40.26**) for seed yield; PRE-2009-9 × NDYR-8 (15.84**), RGN-74 × PRE-2007-6 (2.91**), Maya × NDYR-8 (2.09**) for oil content had highest potential for of mid parent heterosis better parent and economic heterosis respectively. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis was employed to assess the genetic purity of parents and their 105 F1’s. Based on protein profiling, 105 F1’s and 15 parents were characterized by soluble leaf proteins separated on SDS-PAGE. A wide variation was observed in the pattern of protein bands of studied hybrids and parental lines. The hybrids differed in the number of bands, their relative mobility and intensity. In case of hybrids the bands at different rf values distinguished the F1’s from their parental lines. The bands in F1’s at different rf value may be inherited from one or both parents or may be new bands present with different intensity.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic evaluation of advanced breeding lines of mungbean for nitrogen fixation, yield and other quantitative traits(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Sahu, Hemant; Panwar, R.KThe present investigation was carried out at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India, during kharif, 2011and Kharif 2012 with 35 genotypes (including 32 advanced breeding lines and 3 check varieties) of mungbean for nineteen quantitative characters with the objective to study genetic divergence, variability, character association for yield and its component and their direct and indirect effects on seed yield. The mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the characters studied. In general, phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation in similar direction. Nodule volume exhibited maximum PCV in both the season. Plant height, nodule number and yield/plot exhibited high heritability in combination with high genetic advance in both the season. A comparison of mean performance of genotypes revealed the superiority of genotypes over the checks for various characters in both the season. PM 6 and PM 11-1 were promising genotypes for yield/plot, whereas PM 11-8 and PM 11-20 were promising for yield/plant in both the season. PM 11-8 and PM 11-25 were promising genotype for nitrogen fixation for 2011 and 2012, respectively. The genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients in both the season for most of the characters. Correlation studies showed that grain yield had significant positive association with number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index and yield per plot. Straw protein showed positive and significant correlation with nitrogen fixation/plant. In the present study it was found that root length, plant height, seed/pod and 100 seed weight are important traits which have direct and positive effect on yield in both the season. Based on D2 statistic, the 35 genotypes were grouped into 14 and 12 clusters in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The maximum numbers of genotypes (19) were grouped in cluster I in 2011 and cluster II in 2012. The maximum divergence was observed between cluster VII and VIII in 2011, while in cluster I and VIII in 2012. During 2011 nodule volume contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by nodule dry weight and nitrogen fixation whereas in 2012 nitrogen fixation showed highest contribution followed by nodule dry weight Lowest contribution was made by days to maturity followed by days to 50 % flowering and seed protein in 2011, while seed/pod showed minimum contribution followed by seed protein in 2012. Based on variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis, it was observed that number of pods per plant, number of primary branches, harvest index, seed yield per plant determining yield and were found to be important yield attributing characters for selection in mungbean improvement. We can improve yield by selection and hybridization followed by selection.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic diversity for quantitative and qualitative traits and molecular polymorphism among germplasm lines of yellow sarson (Brassica rapa var.yellow sarson)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Harsha; Pant, UshaPresent investigation entitled “Studies on Genetic Diversity for Quantitative and Qualitative Traits and Molecular Polymorphism among Germplasm Lines of Yellow Sarson (Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson” was under taken with the objectives to estimate extent of genetic variability, character association with quantitative and qualitative traits and to assess the diversity among the genotypes at molecular level using RAPD markers. The experimental materials consisted of 31 yellow sarson germplasm line including 2 check varieties namely PPS-1 and B-9 under two environmental condition i.e. timely sown (E1) and late sown (E2) condition. All the genotypes were evaluated in a randomised block design during rabi season 2012-2013 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The quantitative, quantitative and molecular data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques. The results revealed presence of significant variations for all the characters except primary branches per plant and oil content. High values of phenotypic coefficients of variability (PCV) closely followed by genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) for number of secondary branches per plant, yield per plant, glucosinolate content under timely sown condition as well as late sown condition. The heritability was high for glucosinolate content and days to maturity under in E1 as well as in E2. The glucosinolate content and seed yield per plant showed high genetic advance as percentage of mean in both the condition. The divergence studies of D2 statistics grouped the 31germplam line into 8 and 12 clusters in E1 and E2 respectively. Members of cluster V and VIII (26.812) were found to be most diverse on the basis of their inter cluster distance as opposite to clusters V and I (2.801) which had lowest distance value in E1 whereas in E2 clusters IV and II (51.930) exhibited maximum inter cluster distance as opposite to cluster VI and IX (4.965). The correlation study revealed that seed yield per plant was significantly and positively associated with days to 50% flowering, plant height, main raceme length, siliquae on main raceme, number of primary branches per plant, siliqua length, seeds per siliqua and test weight under E1 as well as in E2. The path coefficient analysis with seed yield as end product revealed that the high positive direct effect was shown by siliqua on main raceme, plant height, seeds per siliqua, number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches under timely sown condition and in late sown condition test weight followed by main raceme length, number of secondary branches per plant, days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, oil content, siliqua length, seeds per siliqua showed positive direct effect on seed yield. Plant height, main raceme length and siliquae on main raceme, showed high positive indirect effects on seed yield. Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H) was found significantly for all 11 characters. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess the molecular diversity amongst 31 germplasm lines. The polymorphism was found to be 100%. The distance coefficient varied from 0.1007 to 0.4430 and ordered the populations of 31 genotypes into three major clusters with varying number of genotypes indicating that RAPD marker as an effective tool for divergence studies.ThesisItem Open Access Dus characterisation of traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties by morphological and molecular markers(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-04) Dey, Amrita; Chawla, H.S.The present study was carried out on 24 rice varieties over two kharif seasons of 2010 and 2011. Data were recorded for 60 morphological DUS descriptors (46 visually assessed and 14 measurable). Among the 46 visually assessed DUS descriptors, seven were monomorphic, nineteen were dimorphic and twenty were polymorphic in nature. Out of 14 measurable characteristics, four were dimorphic and ten were polymorphic in nature. None of the characteristics were found to be monomorphic. COY-D analysis with respect to 14 measurable characters indicated that all the varieties were distinct from each other during both the years. COY-U analysis revealed that all the varieties were more or less uniform for measurable characteristics in both the ecotypes. Statistical analysis for stability, comparing respective values of PCV and GCV based on morphological data revealed that eleven measurable characteristics showed almost same magnitude of PCV and GCV. This indicated that environmental influence was less for the expression of these characters. Three characters revealed comparatively greater differences between PCV and GCV which indicates inconsistency in their expression over the years and relatively less stability. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for all the measurable characteristics indicated consistency and stability over the years and their utility in varietal characterization. On the basis of grouping characteristics 22 out of 24 varieties could be distinguished. The remaining two varieties could also be distinguished considering all the morphological characteristics with unique morphological profiles. Thus all the varieties could be distinguished by morphological descriptors. Protein profiling by SDS-PAGE revealed low level of polymorphism. However the UPGMA clustering distinguished eighteen out of twenty four varieties. Molecular marker analysis of rice varieties revealed a total of 11 SSR alleles out of which 9 were polymorphic and 2 were monomorphic alleles. SSR primers were able to discriminate 4 out of 24 varieties by UPGMA clustering. Thus, morphological descriptors can be effectively used for identification and grouping of the varieties. Application of biochemical and molecular markers may help in establishing distinctiveness to support morphological marker. The varieties studied for DUS descriptors can be registered with PPV&FR Authority for obtaining breeder’s and farmers’ rights.ThesisItem Open Access Stability analysis for various quantitative characters and assessment of molecular diversity in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Tiwari, Gunjan; Singh, KamendraThe present investigation was taken up to examine the stability of twenty two elite soybean genotypes under varying environmental conditions for grain yield and yield contributing characters along with genetic variability and molecular marker diversity analysis using thirty different SSR primers. The field experiment with twenty two genotypes of soybean was laid down in randomized complete block design with three replications under twelve different environmental conditions (3 dates of sowing x 2 plant densities x 2 years) at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre at G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during Kharif 2010-11 and 2011-12 The Analysis of variance was found significant for all the characters. Pooled analysis of variance revealed significant variance for genotypes, environments and environments (linear) for all the characters. Based on Eberhart and Russell model, genotypes ABL 55, ABL 20, ABL 45, ABL 61, PS 1024, PS 1042, PK 416 and ABL 62 showed general and specific adaptation for different quantitative characters. The genotype, ABL 17 exhibited sensitivity to rich environment for plant height, number of seeds per pod, dry matter weight per plant and seed yield per plant whereas, poor environment adapted genotypes were PS 1092 for days to 50% flowering and harvest index and PS 1241 for days to maturity and oil content. Most of the results obtained by Eberhart and Russell model were in accordance with those obtained by AMMI biplot analysis. AMMI analysis also did not identify any genotype stable for all the characters. Eberhart and Russell model identified ABL 62 as the most adaptable for seed yield per plant in favourable environment, however, AMMI1 biplot analysis identified it as the most desirable and stable genotype for this character. Similarly, genotypes ABL 55, ABL 45 and ABL 20 were found to be stable for number of nodes per plant, plant height and protein content, respectively, in accordance with Eberhart and Russell model while they showed suitability to favourable environments for these characters in AMMI biplot analysis. Higher estimate of phenotypic coefficient of variation was found for seed yield per plant followed by dry matter weight per plant, number of pods per plant and harvest index. Relatively large differences were observed between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation for harvest index, seed yield per plant, dry matter weight per plant, number of pods per plant, plant height and days to maturity. The higher estimates of broad sense heritability were observed for oil content, protein content and hundred seed weight. Highest expected genetic advance was observed for number of pods per plant followed by dry matter weight per plant. Jaccard’s similarity coefficients based on SSR data of 22 genotypes were found to vary from 0.19 (PS 1225 and ABL 55) to 0.85 (PK 327 and ABL 61). Total of 87 alleles were detected across the 26 polymorphic loci with an average 3.35 alleles per locus. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value ranged from 0.03 (Satt286) to 0.37 (Satt 187, Satt 200, Satt 267, Satt300 and Satt 523). The UPGMA based dendogram constructed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of SSR marker data divided twenty two genotypes into five clusters and four sub-clusters. Cluster strength varied from minimum of two to maximum of ten members. Clustering patterns in general did not corroborate with quantitative data of oil and protein contents.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic study on CMS lines, fertility restoration, heterosis and combining ability in rice (Oryza sativa L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Roy, Chandan; Indra DeoThe present study was undertaken to evaluate and characterize the newly developed ten male sterile lines through qualitative and quantitative traits, SSR molecular markers and screening out the reaction of male sterile genotypes for sheath blight disease inoculated by strain AG-1 IA. Another experiment was conducted to find out the new restorer and maintainer for WA male sterile cytoplasm and to determine the fertility restoration of WA cytoplasm based male sterile line UPRI 95-17A through the male parent UPRI 92-133R. Significant variability for all the quantitative traits were recorded through pooled analysis over two years of evaluation i.e. 2011 & 2012. All the lines showed complete male sterility except the line IR62871-325-3 in one year showed partial pollen sterility. However, four newly developed CMS lines amely UPRM 78-4-1, UPRM 271-8-5EUI-3-2, UPRM 271-8-5EUI-3-3 and UPRM 78-4-12 were found to perform better than the check genotype UPRI 95-17A for almost all the agronomic characters. Genetic diversity was recorded using 13 SSR markers where a total of 33 alleles were amplified with an average of 2.54 alleles for each primer. Highest PIC value (0.69) was found for the primers RM 3873 and RM 1. Average gene diversity was recorded 0.26 with highest diversity of 0.45 for RM 206. All the ten genotypes were clustered into two major groups with genotype UPRM 78-4-1 and IR62871-325-3 separated into one and rest of the genotypes into second one. 12 male parents and 18 male parents were identified as restorer through pollen and spikelets fertility percentage study respectively. Based on the pollen sterility study only four maintainers Manhar, Narendra-359 and UPRM 2681-7-3-1 while the spikelets fertility results no completely sterile hybrids. Fertility restoration of WA cytoplasm through pollen sterility percentage was found that two major gene showing dominant genes action responsible for fertility and for spikelets fertility it was shown that two major genes with dominant gene action along with minor modifying genes were involved. No lines were found as resistance among the genotype tested for sheath blight disease. UPRM 271 -8-5EUI-6-3 showed moderate resistance, and the genotype UPRM 271 -8-5EUI-1-1 as susceptible all other genotypes including the check were determined as moderately susceptible in mycelia inoculation whereas all genotypes were moderately susceptible in sclerotial inoculation. The lines UPRI 92-133R and PD 18 were found good general combiners for most of the trait. Whereas, the tester UPRM 78-4-1 and UPRM 78-4-12 were found the best general combiners for most of the traits studied. The cross combination UPRI 95 -17 A X UPRM 2677-12-1-1, IR62871-325-3-1X UPRM 2751-5-4-1, UPRM 78-4-1 X PD 18 showed high amount of the SCA for grain yield. Crosses IR62871-325-3-1 X UPRM 2669-6-1-1 and UPRM 78-4-1 X UPRI 92-133 R higher heterosis for grain yield, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity over the commercial check parent.